(完整版)高初中語(yǔ)法知識(shí)銜接系列三句子的種類

1、1高初中語(yǔ)法知識(shí)銜接系列三 句子的種類句子的使用目的分類：一、陳述句（ Declarative Sentence ） 陳述句是用來(lái)說(shuō)明事實(shí)、看法，描述動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)，闡明道理、原因，等等。這是日常生活中見(jiàn)得最多的一種句 子。它在表達(dá)意思上有兩種形式，即肯定句形式和否定句形式。例如：Chinese is one of the major languages in the world . 中文是世界主要語(yǔ)言之一。It is not an easy job to learn English well . 學(xué)好英語(yǔ)不是件易事。She is doing her term paper . 她在寫(xiě)學(xué)期論文。Th

2、is is a beautiful garden . 這是一座漂亮的花園。Wealth does not mean happiness .富有并不意味著幸福。Being over-slept , he was late for class today . 由于睡過(guò)了頭，他今天上課遲到了。二、 疑問(wèn)句（ Interrogative Sentence ） 疑問(wèn)句是用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題的，按其所提出的不同問(wèn)題可分為以下四種：1. 一般疑問(wèn)句（ General Question ）一般疑問(wèn)句是就某件事或某種情況的”是與否”提問(wèn)。因此，它的回答不是Yes就是No;回答時(shí)所用的句子可以是完整句，也可以是省略句。另

3、一方面，凡是疑問(wèn)句一般說(shuō)來(lái)都應(yīng)該是倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如：-Are you a student ? -Yes, I am a student .-Do you like dancing ? -Yes, I do .2. 特殊疑問(wèn)句（ Special Question）特殊疑問(wèn)句是對(duì)某件事或某種情況的某一方面的具體內(nèi)容提問(wèn)，因此， 對(duì)哪一方面的具體內(nèi)容提問(wèn)， 就需要使用相應(yīng)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞如： 時(shí)間（When）、地點(diǎn)（Where）、原因（Why ）、方式（How ）、人物（Who）、名稱（What）， 等等。另外，回答的內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該是具體的。-Who is in charge of English in yo

4、ur class ? -Zheng Zheng （is ）.-誰(shuí)是你們班的英語(yǔ)科代表？- （是）鄭征。-Why is Luo Huimin absent from duty today.-She is preparing for going abroad. 羅慧敏今天為什么沒(méi)有上班？她要出國(guó),正在做準(zhǔn)備。3. 選擇疑問(wèn)句（ Alternative Question ）選擇疑問(wèn)句可以對(duì)句子中的任何成分設(shè)置選擇問(wèn)題，選擇部分由連詞or 連接。它貌似一般疑問(wèn)句，其實(shí)兩者有區(qū)別，因?yàn)榛卮疬@種文句時(shí)既不能用Yes也不能用No，而是需要回答人說(shuō)出具體的選擇。另外，連詞or 之前的部分讀升調(diào)，其后的部分讀降

5、調(diào)。例如：-Is your sister or brother going abroad ? -My brother is .（選擇主語(yǔ)） -是你的妹妹還是弟弟要出國(guó)？-我弟弟。-Are you going to school or back home . -（ Im） Going home .（選擇謂語(yǔ)） -你是去學(xué)校還是回家。-我回家。4. 反意疑問(wèn)句（Disjunctive Question）當(dāng)說(shuō)話人對(duì)某種情況不甚有把握，或需進(jìn)一步證實(shí)時(shí)，便可使用反意 疑問(wèn)句。 反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成分兩部分。 第一部分是一個(gè)完整的陳述句; 第二部分是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單疑問(wèn)句。 第一部分 若是肯定形式， 第二部分則用否

6、定形式; 第一部分若是否定形式， 第二部分則用肯定形式。 還必須要保持前后 兩部分在時(shí)態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等方面的一致性。例如： Sheis a college student , isnt she ?她是學(xué)生，對(duì)不對(duì)？He cannot speak French , can he ?他不會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)是不是？三、 祈使句（ Imperative Sentence） 祈使句往往是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的請(qǐng)求、命令、要求、建議，等等。祈使句的主語(yǔ)常被省略，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)主語(yǔ)很明確地是聽(tīng)話人 you 。當(dāng)然，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或表示某種感情，句子也會(huì)帶上主語(yǔ)。祈使句的謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞原形; 它的否定形式是句首用 Dont + 動(dòng)詞原形，

7、 或是 Not to + 動(dòng)詞原形。 例如： Be quiet , please !（大家）請(qǐng)安靜。Stand up !起立！ Dont smoke in the office .請(qǐng)不要在辦公室吸煙。 Not to be careless when youre driving a car . 開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)不要粗心大意。2四、 感嘆句（ Exclamatory Sentence ）感嘆句表示說(shuō)話人的喜悅、氣憤、驚訝等強(qiáng)烈的情緒。這類句子中，有很多是由What 或 How 引起的。What 用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞， How 則強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。這類句子的構(gòu)成只需將所強(qiáng)調(diào)或是說(shuō)，所感嘆的對(duì)象 放到句首；句子無(wú)

8、需倒裝，句子要用正常語(yǔ)序。當(dāng)然，如果不用這種句型，而句子(無(wú)論是那種句子)本身又 表示了上述的種種情緒，那么該句也就成了感嘆句。例如：What a fine day it is today ! 今天天氣多好啊！How fine it is today ! 今天天氣多好啊！What a lovely son you have ! 你有個(gè)多可愛(ài)的兒子??！ 句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分類如果按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分類，英文句子可分為三個(gè)類別：簡(jiǎn)單句(Simple Sentenee),并列句(CompoundSentenee)和復(fù)合句(Complex Sentence)。這里所說(shuō)的結(jié)構(gòu)，主要是指句子中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間所構(gòu)成的關(guān)

9、系。一、 簡(jiǎn)單句( Simple Sentenee)簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主謂關(guān)系。 句子可能有兩個(gè)或更多的主語(yǔ), 也可能有兩個(gè)或更多的謂語(yǔ), 但是句子中的主 謂關(guān)系只有一個(gè)。例如：China and Chinese people are ineredibly progressing in many aspeets . (兩個(gè)主語(yǔ),一個(gè)謂語(yǔ))中國(guó)和中國(guó)人民在 以非常的速度日益進(jìn)步。Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paidmore and more attention by people . (兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ),一個(gè)主語(yǔ))計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)人類社會(huì)意味著很多東西,

10、并越來(lái)越受到人們的重視。二、 并列句( Compound Sentenee)并列句有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。 這些主謂結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系是并列的、 對(duì)等的。 從語(yǔ)法上講, 所謂并列、對(duì)等 是指任何一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)都能獨(dú)立地表達(dá)意思,誰(shuí)也不從屬于誰(shuí)。盡管如此,這些主謂結(jié)構(gòu)在意思或邏輯 上有一定程度的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。 否則, 它們就可能被分別寫(xiě)成簡(jiǎn)單句, 而沒(méi)有必要寫(xiě)在一起構(gòu)成并列句了。 在并列 句中,要使兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)(或者說(shuō),分句)連接在一起,就要用并列連詞。并列連詞用來(lái)連接平行對(duì)等(即互不從屬)的分句。按其表示的不同意思有下面幾種：1.表示轉(zhuǎn)折意思 : but , yet , however , n

11、everthelessEverything in the world is outside you but health belongs to yourself 一切都是身外之物,只用健康屬于自己。He has learned English for only one year, yet he ean eommunieate with people in English. 他才學(xué)一年英文,但已能用英文與人交往了。John has his shorteomings; however, that doesnt mean he is not qualified for the job . 約翰有缺點(diǎn)

12、,但這不等于說(shuō)他不勝任這份工作。2.表示因果關(guān)系 : or , so , therefore , heneeYoud better take an umbrella with you, for its going to rain. 要下雨了,你最好帶把傘。Ive got a meeting to attend, so I have to go now. 我要去開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì),我得走了。You are in the right , therefore we should support you . 你是對(duì)的,所以我們?cè)撝С帜?。The town was built on the side of a hil

13、l, henee its named Hillside. 這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)建在山旁,所以叫 山旁 。3.表示并歹 U 關(guān)系：and , or , eitheror , neither / nor , not onlybut(also), both and, as well asShe eame to my house yesterday evening, and Iwent to hers . 昨晚她來(lái)我家了,我卻去她家了。Do it this way or youll be in trouble . 你就這么辦,不然你會(huì)有麻煩的。Either you tell him the truth , or

14、I do it . 不是你告訴他事實(shí),就是我來(lái)告訴。He doesnt know your address, neither / nor do I. 他不知道你的地址,我也不知道。三、 復(fù)合句( Complex Sentenee)復(fù)合句明顯地不同于簡(jiǎn)單句, 因?yàn)樗袃蓚€(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。 從表面上看, 它與并列句相似。 其實(shí)不然, 后者的幾個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系是并列的、對(duì)等的；而復(fù)合句中的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系不是并列的、對(duì)等的, 其中只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是主要的, 其他的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)都從屬于那個(gè)主要的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。 那個(gè)主要的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)稱作句子的主句(Main Clause);其他的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)稱作句子的從句

15、或子句( Subordinate Clause)。 復(fù)合句里的從句種類較多,引起不同的從句要用不同的從屬連詞。關(guān)于從屬連詞的具體使用將在從句的3有關(guān)章節(jié)里再作介紹。另外,這里所說(shuō)的從屬 關(guān)系,是指從句只有和主句在一起才能有意義；從句若從主句4那里獨(dú)立出來(lái)就無(wú)法表達(dá)意義了。請(qǐng)看下列句子：Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at moviesas well . 許多人在家里是邊看電視邊談話，所以他們認(rèn)為在電影院也可以如此。Whether he comes or

16、not does nt make any differe nceto me.（主語(yǔ)從句）他來(lái)與不來(lái)對(duì)我都一樣。disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.（賓語(yǔ)從句）什么是貨幣以及怎樣計(jì)量貨幣經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家之間存有分歧。China is not what it used to be . （表語(yǔ)從句）中國(guó)不是它過(guò)去的樣子了。Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals ?（同位語(yǔ)從句）有沒(méi)有什么證據(jù)說(shuō)

17、明植物性食品不同于動(dòng)物性食品Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government.（定語(yǔ)從句）稅款是人們支持政府而交的錢(qián)。句子的種類專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練一、單項(xiàng)填空。1. _ interesting news it is !A. How anB. What anC. HowD. What2. Call a taxi,_you will miss the train.A. andB. thoughC. because D. or3. Can you tell me _ she is waiting for?A. whyB. wh

18、oseC. whomD. which4. You must make your new house clean and safe_you move in.A becauseBwhenC beforeD. until5. I m going to Hangzhou for a holiday this weekend.-_you are there , could you buy me some green tea ?A. Because B. WhileC. AfterD. Though6. April 1st is the day_ is called April Foolthe weste

19、rnscDouanytiens.A. thatB. whoC. whenD. where7. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister.A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing8. This is the only book_I have.A .whichB. thatC. who D. how9. Did Jack come to our party yesterday ? No, he_ .A. wasn t invented B. didn t

20、invite C. isn t invitedD.hasn t invited10. _do you go to Hong Kong? Sorry, I ve never been there.A. How longB. How often C. How farD. How soon11. You can t imagine_when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excitedB. how excited they wereC. how excited were theyD. they were ho

21、w excited12. When I looked into the room, I found Philip himself_ in bed.A. liesB. lieC. layD. lying13. Did you have anyone_ the trees? Yes, I have the trees_.A. to water, waterB. to water, watered狀語(yǔ)從句）There is5C. water, to be watered D. water, watered14. The schools in Shanghai are not different fr

22、om_.A. Beijing schools B. that of Beijing C. Beijing D. those in Beijing615. Have you ever been anywhere for a trip ? A trip ? I_away from my hometown even once.A. wentB. have gone C. have never been D. have been16. If you go to the park tomorrow morning, _.A. so will heB. so he willC. so he does D.

23、 so does he17. It s hard to keep the house_ h_wthirtee kids.A. cleaningB. to cleanC. cleanedD. clean18._ The students are sorry to hear that the famous singerforhalf an hour.A. has leftB. has goneC. has been away D. has gone away19. The painting_ to a museum in New York in 1977.A. sellsB. soldC. was

24、 soldD. is sold20._ Two thirds of the work in our officeby the computer last year.A. are done B. is done C. were done D. was done21.Some students throw rubbish everywhere in our school. They must _ it any moreA. stop from doing B. stop to doC. be stopped from doingD. be stopped to do22. I know Mr. W

25、hite is very angry with me. What does he say? He says you_ away if you re late again.A. are sendingB. has been sent C. are going to send D. will be sent23.This is_that all of us believe it s very important.A. such useful information B. so useful an informationC. so useful informationsD. such a useful informationA. so many moneyB. such muchmoneyC. so many moneyD. so much money2