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1、LISTENINGSECTION 1Questions 1-10Questions 1-6Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER for each an swer.MOMESTAY APPLICATIONNationality: JapaneseAge:28 yearsiPresentdddWstudentWCarWei眺College 9coWsJ en?dSl8dtrnnspor4_oes the student prefer 10 Whe n will the stude nt find

2、 out her homestay addressFamily prefere nces: no 5SECTION 2 Questions 11-20No objection to 6Questions 11-14Choose the correct letter A,B or C.11 What kind of tour is Sally leadi ngA a bus tourB a trai n tourC a walk ing tour12 The original buildings on the site wereA houses.B industrial building.C s

3、hops.13 The local residents wanted to use the site forA leisure.B apartment blocks.C a sports centre.14 The Tower is at the centre of theA nature reserve.B formal gardens.C Bicentennial Park.Questions 15-17Label the plan below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Questions 18-20Complete the

4、table below:Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Nature ReserveAreaFacilityActivityThe Man grovesboardwalk18Frog Pondoutdoor classroom19The Waterbird Refuge20bird watchi ngSECTION 3Questions 21 -30Questions 21 and 22 Complete the senten ces below.Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD ANDIOR A NUMBER f

5、or each an swer.The prese ntati on will last 15 minu tes.There will be 21minu tes for questi ons.The prese ntati on will not be 22Questions 21 and 22What do the stude nts decide about each topic for the geography prese ntati onA They will definitely include this topic.B They might in clude this topi

6、c.C They will not in clude this topic.Write the correct letter, A,B or C, next to questions 2-26.23 Geographical Locati on24 Economy25 Overview of Education System 26 Role of En glish Lan guage Questions 21 and 22Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Information/visua

7、l aidWhere fromOverhead projectorthe 27Map of West Africathe 28Map of the isla ndsa tourist brochureLiteracy figuresthe 2930on school placesas aboveQuestions 31 -33Choose the correct letter A,B or C.Monosodium Glutamate(MSG)31 The speaker says the main topic of the lecture isA the history of mono so

8、dium glutamate.B the way mono sodium glutamate works.C where mono sodium glutamate is used.32 In 1908, scientists in JapanA made mono sodium glutamate.B bega n using kombu.C identified glutamate.33 What cha nge occurred in the manu facture of glutamate in 1956A It bega n to be manu factured on a lar

9、ge scale.B The Japa nese bega n extract ing it from n atural sources.C It became much more expe nsive to produce.Questions 34-40Complete the no tes below.You should spend about 20 minutes oQn uestions 1 1w3hich are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Pulling strings to build pyramidsNo one knows exactl

10、y how the pyramids were built. Marcus Chown reckons the answer could be 'hanging in the air'.The pyramids of Egypt were built more than three thousand years ago, and no one knows how. The conventional picture is that tens of thousands of slaves dragged stones on sledges. But there is no evid

11、ence to back this up. Now a Californian software consultant called Maureen Clemmons has suggested that kites might have been involved. While perusing a book on the monuments of Egypt, she noticed a hieroglyph that showed a row of men standing in odd postures. They were holding what looked like ropes

12、 that led, via some kind of mechanical system, to a giant bird in the sky. She wondered if perhaps the bird was actually a giant kite, and the men were using it to lift a heavy object.Intrigued, Clemmons contacted Morteza Gharib, aeronautics professor at the California Institute of Technology. He wa

13、s fascinated by the idea. 'Coming from Iran, I have a keen interest in Middle Eastern science,' he says. He too was puzzled by the picture that had sparked Clemmons's interest. The object in the sky apparently had wings Far too short and wide for a bird. 'The possibility certainly ex

14、isted that it was a kite,' he says. And since he needed a summer project for his student Emilio Graff, investigating the possibility of using kites as heavy lifters seemed like a good idea.Gharib and Graff set themselves the task of raising a 4.-5metre stone column from horizontal to vertical, u

15、sing no source of energy except the wind. Their initial calculations and scale-model wind-tunnel experiments convinced them they wouldn't need a strong wind to lift the 33.5-tonne column. Even a modest force, if su7stained over a long time, would do. The key was to use a pulley system that would

16、 magnify the applied force. So they rigged up a ten-tshaped scaffold directly above the tip of the horizontal column, with pulleys suspended from the scaffold's apex. The idea was that as one end of the column rose, the base would roll across the ground on a trolley. Earlier this year, the team

17、put Clemmons's unlikely theory to the test, using a 40-square-metre rectangular nylon sail. The kite lifted the column clean off the ground. 'We were absolutely stunned,'Gharib says. 'The instant the sail opened into the wind, a huge force was generated and the column was raised to t

18、he vertical in a mere 40 seconds.' The wind was blowing at a gentle 16 t0 20 kilometres an hour, little more than half what they thought would be needed. what they had Failed to reckon with was what happened when the kite was opened. 'There was a huge initial force- five times larger than th

19、e steady state Force,' Gharib says. This jerk meant that kites could lift huge weights, Gharib realised. Even a 300-tonne column could have been lifted to the vertical with 40 0r so men and four or Five sails. So Clemmons was right: the pyramid builders could have used kites to lift massive ston

20、es into place. 'whether they actually did is another matter,' Gharib says. There are no pictures showing the construction of the pyramids, so there is no way to tell what really happened. 'The evidence For using kites to move large stones is no better or worse than the evidence for the b

21、rute force method,' Gharib says. Indeed, the experiments have left many specialists unconvinced. 'The evidence for kite-lifting is non -existent,' says Willeke Wendrich, an associate professor oF Egyptology at the University of California, Los Angeles.Others feel there is more of a case

22、for the theory. Harnessing the wind would not have been a problem for accomplished sailors like the Egyptians. And they are known fo have used wooden pulleys, which could have been made strong enough to bear the weight of massive blocks of stone. In addition, there is some physical evidence that the

23、 ancient Egyptians were interested in flight. A wooden arteFact found on the step pyramid at Saqqara looks uncannily like a modern glider. Although it dates from several hundred years after the building of the pyramids, its sophistication suggests that the Egyptians might have been developing ideas

24、of flight for a long time. And other ancient civilisations certainly knew about kites; as early as 1250 BC, the Chinese were using them to deliver messages and dump flaming debris on their foes.The experiments might even have practical uses nowadays. There are plenty oF places arounci'the globe

25、where people have no access to heavy machinery, but do know how to deal with wind, sailing and basic mechanical principles. Gharib has already been contacted by a civil engineer in Nicaragua, who wants to put up buildings with adobe roofs supported by concrete arches on a site that heavy equipment c

26、an't reach. His idea is to build the arches horizontally, then lift them into place using kites. 'We've given him some design hints,' says Gharib. 'We're just waiting for him to report back.' So whether they were actually used to build the pyramids or not, it seems that k

27、ites may make sensible construction tools in the 21 st century AD.Questions 1-7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1In boxes l-7 0n your answer sheet, writeYesif the statement agrees with the informationNoif the statement disagrees with the informationNot

28、Given if there is no information on this1 It is generally believed that large numbers of people were needed to build the pyramids.2 Clemmons found a strange hieroglyph on the wall of an Egyptian monument.3 Gharib had previously done experiments on bird flight.4 Gharib and Graff tested their theory b

29、efore applying it.5 The success of the actual experiment was due to the high speed of the wind.6 They found that, as the kite fiew higher, the wind force got stronger.7 The team decided that it was possible to use kites to raise very heavy stones. Questions 8-13Complete the summary belowChooseNO MOR

30、E THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 8-13 0n your answer sheet.Additional evidence for theory of kite -liftingThe Egyptians had 8,which could lift large pieces of9 , and theyknew how to use the energy of the wind from their skill as10 The discovery on one pyr

31、amid of an object which resembled a11 suggests they may have experimented with12 In addition, over twothousand years ago kites were used in China as weapons, as well as for sending13 .READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes oQn uestions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage2 below.End

32、less HarvestMore than two hundred years ago, Russian explorers and fur hunters landed on the Aleutian Islands, a volcanic archipelago in the North Pacific, and learned of a land mass that lay farther to the north. The islands' native inhabitants called this land mass Aleyska, the Great Land'

33、 today, we know it as Alaska.The forty-ninth state to join the United States of America (in 1959), Alaska is fully one -fifth the size of the mainland 48states combined. It shares, with Canada, the second longest river system in North America and has over half the coastline of the United States. The

34、 rivers feed into the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska- cold, nutrient-rich waters which support tens of millions of seabirds, and over 400 species of fish, shellfish, crustaceans, and molluscs. Taking advantage of this rich bounty, Alaska's commercial fisheries have developed into some of the larg

35、est in the world.According to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G), Alaska's commercial fisheries landed hundreds of thousands of tonnes of shellfish and herring, and well over a million tonnes of groundfish (cod, sole, perch and pollock) in 2000. The true cultural heart and soul o

36、f Alaska's fisheries, however, is salmon. Salmon,' notes wEwing in The Great Alaska Nature Factbook, pump through Alaska like blood thro heart, bringing rhythmic, circulating nourishment to land, animals and people.' The predictable abundance of salmon allowed some native cultures to flo

37、urish,' and spawners* feed bears, eagles, other animals, and ultimately the soil itself.' All five species of Pacific salmon- chinook, or king; chum, or dog; coho, or silver; sockeye, or red; and pink, or humpback- spawn* in Alaskan waters, and 90% of all Pacific salmon commercially caught i

38、n North America are produced there. Indeed, if Alaska was an independent nation, it would be the largest producer of wild salmon in the world. During 2000, commercial catches of Pacific salmon in Alaska exceeded 320,000 tonnes, with an ex-vessel value of over US260 million.Catches have not always be

39、en so healthy. Between 1940 and 1959, overfishing led to crashes in salmon populations so severe that in 1953 Alaska was declared a federal disaster area. With the onset of statehood, however, the State of Alaska took over management of its own fisheries, guided by a state constitution which mandate

40、s that Alaska's natural resources be managed on a sustainable basis. At that time, statewide harvests totalled around 25 million salmon. Over the next few decades average catches steadily increased as a result of this policy of sustainable management, until, during the 1990s, annual harvests wer

41、e well in excess of 100 million, and on several occasions over 200 million fish.The primary reason for such increases is what is known as -Season Abundanc-eIBnased Management'. There are biologists throughout the state constantly monitoring adult fish as they show up to spawn. The biologists sit

42、 in streamside counting towers, study sonar, watch from aeroplanes, and talk to fishermen. The salmon season in Alaska is not p-sr et.The fishermen know the approximate time of year when they will be allowed to fish, but on any given day, one or more field biologists in a particular area can put a h

43、alt to fishing. Even sport fishing can be brought to a halt. It is this management mechanism that has allowed Alaska salmon stocks- and, accordingly, Alaska salmon fisheries- to prosper, even as salmon populations in the rest of the United States are increasingly considered threatened or even endang

44、ered.In 1999, the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)* commissioned a review of the Alaska salmon fishery. The Council, which was founded in 1996, certifies fisheries that meet high environmental standards, enabling them to use a label that recognises their environmental responsibility. The MSC has est

45、ablished a set of criteria by which commercial fisheries can be judged. Recognising the potential benefits of being identified as environmentally responsible, fisheries approach the Council requesting to undergo the certification process. The MSC then appoints a certification committee, composed of

46、a panel of fisheries experts, which gathers information and opinions from fishermen, biologists, government officials, industry representatives, non-governmental organisations and others.Some observers thought the Alaska salmon fisheries would not have any chance of certification when, in the months

47、 leading up to MSC's final decision, salmon runs throughout western Alaska completely collapsed. In the uYkon and Kuskokwim rivers, chinook and chum runs were probably the poorest since statehood; subsistence communities throughout the region, who normally have priority over commercial fishing,

48、were devastated.The crisis was completely unexpected, but researchers believe it had nothing to do with impacts of fisheries. Rather, they contend, it was almost certainly the result of climatic shifts, prompted in part by cumulative effects of the el ni?o / la ni?a phenomenon on Pacific Ocean tempe

49、ratures, culminating in a harsh winter in which huge numbers of salmon eggs were frozen. It could have meant the end as far as the certification process was concerned. However, the state reacted quickly, closing down all fisheries, even those necessary for subsistence purposes.In September 2000, MSC

50、 announced that the Alaska salmon fisheries qualified for certification. Seven companies producing Alaska salmon were immediately granted permission to display the MSC logo on their products. Certification is for an initial period of five years, with an annual review to ensure that the fishery is co

51、ntinuing to meet the required standards.* spawners: fish that have released eggs* spawn: release eggs* MSC: a joint venture between WWF (World Wildlife Fund) and Unilever, aDutch-based multi-nationalQuestions 14-20Do the following statements agree with the information given in ReadingPassage 2In box

52、es 14-20 on your answer sheet, writeTRUEif the statement agrees with the information14 The in habita nts of the Aleutia n isla nds ren amed their isla nds Aleysk15 Alaska's fisheries are owned by some of the world's largest compa ni es.16 Life in Alaska is depe ndent on salm on.17 Ninety per

53、 cent of all Pacific salm on caught are sockeye or pink salm on.18 More than 320,000 tonnes of salmon were caught in Alaska in 2000.19 Between 1940 and 1959, there was a sharp decrease in Alaska's salmon population.20 During the 1990s, the average nu mber of salm on caught each year was 100 mill

54、i on.Questions 21-26Complete each sentence with the correct endingA -K, below.Write the correct letter, A-K, i n boxes 21-26 on your an swer sheet.21 In Alaska, biologists keep a check on adult fish22 Biologists have the authority23 In-Seas on Abundan c-Based Man ageme nt has allowed the Alaska salm

55、 on fisheries24 The Mari ne Stewardship Cou ncil (MSC) was established25 As a result of the collapse of the salm on runs in 1999, the state decidedReadi ngg for sport. the MSC logo.mbertarersufOFnMofSrmit fish “g.biaber their proto en sure that fish nuto assist the subsiste nee com mun ities in the

56、regi on. to freeze a huge nu mber of salm on eggs.to deny certification to the Alaska fisheries.to close dow n all fisheries.26 In September 2000, the MSC allowed seve n Alaska salm on compa niesIn general, it is plausible to suppose that we should prefer peace and quiet to noise. And yet most of us

57、 have had the experience of having to adjust to sleeping in the mountains or the countryside because it was initially too quiet', an experience that suggestshumans are capable of adapting to a wide range of noise levels. Research supports this view. For example, Glass and Singer (1972) exposed p

58、eople to short bursts of very loud noise and then measured their ability to work out problems and their physiological reactions to the noise. The noise was quite disruptive at first, but after about four minutes the subjects were doing just as well on their tasks as control subjects who were not exp

59、osed to noise. Their physiological arousal also declined quickly to the same levels as those of the control subjects.But there are limits to adaptation and loud noise becomes more troublesome if the person is required to concentrate on more than one task. For example, high noise levels interfered with the performance of subjects who were requi