畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)-聲光報(bào)警監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯8頁(yè)

1、audio & optical control of the monitoring systemWithin the micro system, there should be a set of alarming equipment for emergencies to ensure of the safety and remind operators of taking in-time measures. However, so far as some important parameter or systematic parts are concerned, these equip

2、ments are in shortage or ignorance. Given the case, the following methods should be taken into consideration: data collected by the computer, after treatment, digital filtering wave and mark conversion by the computer, can be compared with the given value of the parameter at its upper and lower limi

3、ts. If they are higher than the upper limit value (or lower than the lower limit value), an alarm should be carried out, otherwise, it would be the normal sample value for display and control. In the control system, the examined parameter, after sampling by means of A/D, is fed into micro-computer.

4、Followed by the treatment of data, it will not only be sent for display but also accept alarming treatment, so that working staff are able to take corresponding measures in time. At the same time, the comparison between the examined parameter and the given value will contribute to the automatic adju

5、stment according to the deviation of them. At present, automatic control technology has become an indispensable technical measure in the course of industrial production. With the advancement of science and technology, and the expansion of productive scale, it will be involved in production more wide

6、ly and play a more and more important role, developing as a symbol in such broad fields of automatic control technology as in energy, military affairs, production, etc. The automation of production process is one without direct human involvement. By means of controlling equipment (that is, the so ca

7、lled automatic devices), the producing course will go on according to preset operation laws. However, this set of controlling process need monitoring instruments and transmitters to practice measuring and signal conversion to the parameters in the course. In addition to displaying devices applied to

8、 indicate and record the parameter, adjusters and calculators are also needed for its mathematic calculation, implementers and coordinators for the implementation of orders in the system, so that the operation can be performed in the process of the production according to the requirements. The desig

9、n in question aims at carrying out monitoring to this automatic production process. Through the set of parts, audio and optical alarms will take place when the parameter goes beyond the limits or troubles occur in the course of automatic production, along with the display of trouble site. Further mo

10、re, with the help of the audio and optical parts, the automatic state in the course of the production can even be transformed into manual state, so as to help the operators identify the trouble sites and causes in time, reduce the time in failure and make the production quickly restore to the normal

11、 process. TF devices could be classified into nine types according to various parts. Namely they are convertion types（TFZ）、energy source types（TFY）、supplement types（TFF）、computation types（TFS）、control types（TFK）、given value types（TFG）、display types（TFX）、operation types（TFC）、adjustment types（TFT）, am

12、ong which, the display types and the operation types are commonly called “devices” while the others named “parts”. What this design focuses is the TFK parts, mainly including alarm, high value selection, low value selection, range between the upper and lower limits, speed limit, follow-up comparison

13、, manual-automatic switching, audio and optical control and monitoring, etc. By the adoption of input and output parts, TF devices fulfill the connection with the delivered signals on site, thus the accomplishment of accepting or sending out the standard current signals at 010mA or 420mA. Various su

14、bstandard signals (such as frequency, impulse, amount for turn-on and off, etc.) have to be introduced into the system for utilization by means of relevant devices, while the contact signals within the machine adopt d.c. voltage signals at 010V. The TF device supplies power in two ways: one is the c

15、oncentrated power supply with machine boxes and the other is the concentrated power supply through operation machines. The former collects the regulated electrical sources at various size on the highest layer of the machine box and the power supply is delivered to different boxes with the help of co

16、mmon wires, or to the relevant devices and operators on site or at the operating table through external terminals. The concentrated power supply 2 at the operation table can meet the demand of the table device. The d c steady power source is of a couple of types, such as +24V、+15V、-15V、+5V, etc. amo

17、ng which, the designed monitoring system parts adopt +15V、+5V and -15V. As to the accuracy of the functional parts, most are at ±0.5% except those for un-isolated transmission units, which are at ±0.2%. So far as TFK device is concerned, the parts for monitoring system mainly include TFK-0

18、91 for audio and optical control and TFK-092 for monitoring input. They are used in concert, when TFK-092 parts send out the logic level signals for audio and optical alarm, they are accepted right by TFK-091 and each audio & optical control part is able to receive six logic level signals sent o

19、ut by the monitoring input parts, i.e. one audio & optical control part can work in tune with six monitoring input parts. If the monitoring input parts are less than six, the extra parts of the audio & optical control parts will float. TFK-091 audio & optical control parts provide TFK-09

20、2 monitoring input parts with high frequency power source and signals without vibration. TFK-091 audio & optical control parts focus more on receiving the logic level signals of sound and light, key outputs including switcher signals at the touching point of the power connecter to control the bo

21、x light, those to control sound alarm, high frequency power source signals and the high frequency signals without oscillation. There are five signals focused by TFK-092 monitoring input parts, namely, power loss or over value of +15V in the parts box, power loss or over value of -15V in the parts bo

22、x, disconnection of the interlock line input, closure of the input touching points, and closure of isolation input touching points. The main outputs are logic level signals of audio & optical alarm and audio & optical alarm itself.This design targets at the monitoring system, whose functions

23、 are composed of the following: (1) to identify in time the parameter beyond the limits or other troubles in the course of production and the automatic devices, such as power cutoff and the stop of safety interlock in technique, and, at the same time, send out audio & optical alarm signals to in

24、dicate the nature and site of the trouble; (2) to cancel the “automatic” order of the operator, after the trouble occurs, so as to adjust the system from automatic to manual state, and keep the valve in the original position, or orient it to the preset position; (3) to prohibit any new “automatic” o

25、peration order sent to the adjustment system before the trouble released; (4) the monitoring system has to ensure of its own soundness, with self-diagnosing measures such as independent power sources and “trial light”, so that audio & optical alarm signals can be sent out in time once the monito

26、ring system itself in trouble, and protect from mistakes in the switching operation. In the design some logic circuits are used. Care must be taken when connecting logic circuits to ensure that their logic levels and current ratings are compatible. For input and output interface, perhaps the main pr

27、oblem facing the designer is that of electrical noise. Small noise signals may cause the system to malfunction, while larger amounts of noise can permanently damage it. The designer must be aware of these dangers from the outset. There are many methods to protect interface circuits and microcomputer

28、 from various kinds of noise. Following are some examples:(1) Input and output electrical isolation between the microcomputer system and external devices using an opto-isolator or a transformer.(2) Removing high frequency noise pulses by a low-pass filter and Schmitt-trigger.(3) Protecting against e

29、xcessive input voltages using a pair of diodes to power supply reversibly biased in normal direction.In the control system of micro computers, the routine working state can be revealed by indicator lights or digital tube displayers so as to offer information to operators for reference. However, as t

30、o some emergencies, special methods are needed to get operators attention or remind them to take instant measures. Within the control system, sound, light and languages are often adopted for the purpose of alarm, among which, the light effect derives from light diode or flashing light, while sound r

31、esults from simple electrical bells or flutes, or buzzers with adjustable frequencies. If integrated electronic music chips are used, pleasant music will be heard when unusual situation occurs in the system, in addition to suddenly flashed alarming lights, to get the attention from the staff on site

32、 in a harmonious environment and make them take instant measures to ensure that the system be able to produce safely. In the past years, with the application of the industrial controller at the SID general line and the industrial PC machine, alarm systems with the mix of sound and figures are greatl

33、y adopted. Given the more and more vivid and real graphs and exact site identification, they have become increasingly popular. With the development of Chinese language in the collection, treatment, synthesis and recognition of the light technology, language chips are made and applied in the alarming

34、 system of micro computers, meeting the purpose of live and accurate language alarm. Not only can such a kind of system play the role of warning, but also provide the alarmed subjects with concrete information. If a printer and CRT displayer are set up in the system, pictures can be seen, printed an

35、d saved just at the time when the alarm happens. For the more advanced alarm system, considerable control abilities are endowed besides the various functions mentioned above. For example, automatic operation can be appropriately switched into manual operation, valves can be stopped, emission valves

36、can be opened or phone number can be dialed automatically, so that the emergency in the system can be released or notified to the relevant working staff. 聲光報(bào)警監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)所謂生產(chǎn)過(guò)程自動(dòng)化，是在無(wú)人直接參與的情況下，通過(guò)控制設(shè)備（即通常所說(shuō)的自動(dòng)化儀表）使生產(chǎn)過(guò)程自動(dòng)的按照預(yù)定的規(guī)律運(yùn)行，而這一系列控制需要檢測(cè)儀表和變送器對(duì)過(guò)程參數(shù)進(jìn)行測(cè)量和信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換，它需要用顯示儀表來(lái)指示和記錄過(guò)程參數(shù)，需要用調(diào)節(jié)器、運(yùn)算器對(duì)被調(diào)參數(shù)進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算，還需要用執(zhí)

37、行器和調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)完成系統(tǒng)中的執(zhí)行命令，使生產(chǎn)過(guò)程按照規(guī)定的要求運(yùn)行。目前,自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)已成為工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中不可缺少的技術(shù)手段,隨著科技的進(jìn)步和生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大,它將更廣泛的介入生產(chǎn)中,并起著越來(lái)越重要的作用,無(wú)論是在能源領(lǐng)域、軍事領(lǐng)域、生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域等自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)都已成為這些領(lǐng)域發(fā)展的象征。本設(shè)計(jì)主要是針對(duì)這個(gè)自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程進(jìn)行監(jiān)控。通過(guò)這套組件，當(dāng)自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的參數(shù)越限和故障時(shí)，可以產(chǎn)生聲光報(bào)警，并可以顯示故障的部位，甚至通過(guò)聲光控制組件使生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的自動(dòng)狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為手動(dòng)狀態(tài)。以幫助運(yùn)行人員迅速查找事故的部位和起因，而減少故障時(shí)間，使生產(chǎn)能夠迅速的過(guò)渡到正常生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中。TF儀表按照各組件的功能可分

38、為九大類(lèi)：轉(zhuǎn)換類(lèi)（TFZ）、電源類(lèi)（TFY）、輔助類(lèi)（TFF）、計(jì)算類(lèi)（TFS）、控制類(lèi)（TFK）、給定類(lèi)（TFG）、顯示類(lèi)（TFX）、操作類(lèi)（TFC）、調(diào)節(jié)類(lèi)（TFT）。其中顯示、操作類(lèi)一般稱(chēng)為“器”，其它各類(lèi)稱(chēng)為組件。而本設(shè)計(jì)主要討論的是TF儀表中的控制類(lèi)TFK組件。它主要包括報(bào)警、高值選擇、低值選擇、上限下限限幅、速率限制、跟蹤比較，手動(dòng)自動(dòng)切換、聲光控制、監(jiān)控等品種。TF裝置采用輸入、輸出轉(zhuǎn)換組件實(shí)現(xiàn)與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)傳輸信號(hào)的接口，故可接收或送出010mA或420mA的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電流信號(hào)，各種非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)信號(hào)（如頻率、脈沖、開(kāi)關(guān)量等）需要采用相應(yīng)的裝置方能引入系統(tǒng)中使用，而機(jī)內(nèi)聯(lián)絡(luò)信號(hào)采用010V直流電壓信

39、號(hào)，TF裝置的供電方式分有機(jī)柜集中供電和操作器集中供電兩種方式。有機(jī)柜集中供電是在一個(gè)機(jī)柜的最高一層集中了各種規(guī)格的穩(wěn)壓電源。電源的供給是通過(guò)母線輸送到各機(jī)箱組件，也可通過(guò)外接端子輸送到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)或操作臺(tái)上有關(guān)儀表和操作器。操作臺(tái)集中供電2可滿足操作臺(tái)儀表的需要。直流穩(wěn)壓電源有+24V、+15V、-15V、+5V等幾類(lèi)，其中設(shè)計(jì)的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)組件采用+15V、+5V、-15V。對(duì)于功能組件的準(zhǔn)確度，除了非隔離式轉(zhuǎn)換組件為±0.2%外，其它各種組件為±0.5% 。TFK儀表方面關(guān)于監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)方面的組件，主要包括TFK-091聲光控制組件和TFK-092監(jiān)控輸入組件兩部分，它們是相互配合使用的，其中TFK-092監(jiān)控輸入組件輸出聲、光報(bào)警邏輯電平信號(hào)，而這些信號(hào)恰好被TFK-091聲光控制組件所接收，且每個(gè)聲光控制組件可接收6個(gè)監(jiān)控輸入組件輸出的聲、光邏輯電平信號(hào)，也就是說(shuō)一個(gè)聲光控制組件可以和6個(gè)監(jiān)控輸入組件配合使用，當(dāng)監(jiān)控輸入組件少于六個(gè)時(shí)，聲光控制組件多余的可浮空。TFK-091聲光控制組件會(huì)為T(mén)FK-092監(jiān)