《周禮》論文：《周禮》中赦免制度研究

1、周禮論文：周禮中赦免制度研究 【中文摘要】赦免制度產(chǎn)生于中國文明肇始期一- -先秦 ,作為中 國古代法律之重要組成部分，受到歷代學(xué)者重視。尤其是國家政治實(shí) 踐中是否應(yīng)該實(shí)行赦免，自先秦諸子而降就聚訟不已。相關(guān)問題的探 討,不惟可促進(jìn)先秦赦免制度本原面貌的研究，亦可加深中國古代赦 免制度源流的認(rèn)識，具有重要的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值。周禮是成書于東周時(shí)期 的重要典籍，其內(nèi)容多涉先秦赦免制度。由于學(xué)者對周禮一書史 料價(jià)值存有疑議。本文以周禮一書的文本分析、 周禮與其他 商周典籍的文本比較、傳世與出土文獻(xiàn)的多重互證等方法 ，試對周 禮所記赦免制度進(jìn)行研究。此外,本文還借用了現(xiàn)代法律概念，對周 禮中反映的赦免制度進(jìn)行

2、法理分析，以了解周禮中赦免制度的 組織體系、赦免的對象、類型、特點(diǎn)。全文分為四部分。第一部分對 學(xué)術(shù)史進(jìn)行梳理，最后界定了周禮中赦免的定義；第二部分介紹周 禮中赦免制度的組織體系與赦免對象。周禮中規(guī)定赦免制度的 最高赦免權(quán)來源于周王，并有一套系統(tǒng)的赦免組織體系。鄉(xiāng)士、遂士、 縣士審理案件后，將案件的要辭交與大司寇定奪，此后交給王了解案 情,符合赦免條件者，最后由王來決定赦免；第三部分介紹赦免制度的 主要類型。本文主要將周禮中的赦免制度分為總則性赦免和補(bǔ)充 性赦免兩大類?？倓t性赦免為法律上司法審理過程中的適用原則 ，具 體針對犯罪的特定情節(jié)使用，如犯罪人符合老、 幼、 蠢愚之條件，為“八 議”中

3、規(guī)定之類型，或案件審理過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)存在疑議，就要減免刑罰。 補(bǔ)充性的赦免是案件審理后，對已經(jīng)定罪之人實(shí)行的赦免等；第四部 分歸納了周禮中赦免制度的主要特點(diǎn)。周禮中的赦免制度主 要以減刑為主，體現(xiàn)了恤刑、慎罰，王權(quán)至上等思想，反映了東周社會 的過渡性特征。通過周禮赦免制度這一個(gè)案研究表明 ，中華法系 自法源階段就蘊(yùn)寓公權(quán)至上等諸多特質(zhì)，從而有別于歐美法系而自成 一系?？傊?，周禮中的赦免制度已經(jīng)形成了系統(tǒng)的赦免體系，亦可 與先秦其他典籍相互印證，表明周禮一書雖存在作者理想建構(gòu)色 彩,但其編纂成書理應(yīng)具有相當(dāng)歷史依據(jù)。希望通過本文的寫作能夠 引起學(xué)者的進(jìn)一步研究、探討。 【英文摘要】 Pard on

4、system origi nated from the Chin ese civilization Pre -Qin period, as an important part of the law in ancient attention by the successive. Especially the national political practice, whether should execute Pard on system triggered a con troversy by Zhu-Zi. Releva nt questi on discussi on, highly can

5、 promote the Pre -Qin period absolve system orig in face, also for deepe n study of an cie nt Chin ese Pardon system origin of understanding, has important academic value.Zhou-Li is an importa nt book of Dong zhou, its content more wade Pard on system. because scholars un feasibility, the author thr

6、ough text an alysis, multiple comparis on method evidence act and the text to the Zhou-Li in the pardon system study, and use the con cept of moder n to an alysis the Zhou-Li s pardon system.This article I will divide into four parts. The first part I will sort out the history of academic, fin ally,

7、 by defining the definition of pardon system. The second part, in troduce the set up of pard on system .In Zhou-Li, Zhou king provide the highest prerogative of pardon system, and have its orga ni zati on al. “ Xian gShi ”, “ SuiShi ”, “ Xia nShi ”，after heari ng the case and handing to DaSikou, the

8、n handing to king, king decide to pard on. The third part, describes the main types of pard on system. Zhou-Li in the pard on system is divided into gen eral prin ciples of amn esty and pard on they are two complementary types. General principles are law applicable to judicial proceedings in one of

9、the principles, the special circumstances of crime to use a particular. If the offender is comply with old, young, stupid of the con diti ons of, is the “ Eight discussions ” of the types, or during the trial is found Y ee, must commute pen alty. The fourth part, summary the mai n features of pardon system. The pardon system in Zhou-Li mainly is the shirt puni shme nt, such a thi nking of royal autocracy, with certa in tran siti on al. through this case study, the Chin ese legal system si nee source s