專題教案高考英語易錯題五動詞和動詞短語學生版

1、 小升初 中高考 高二會考 藝考生文化課 一對一輔導 （學生版） 學生姓名： 年級：任教學科：英語 教學次數(shù)： 教學時間： 指導教師：江洪 教學模式：教學地點：濱湖聯(lián)創(chuàng) 新區(qū)寶龍 胡埭校區(qū) 高考英語易錯題總匯（五）動詞用法與辨析典型陷阱題分析1. If you want to sell your product you must _ it.A. advertiseB. advertise forC. advertise onD. advertise to比較： advertise for sth (sb) 登廣告征求或尋找某物或某人 (此時 advertise 不及物)advertise st

2、h 為登廣告，登廣告宣傳(此時 advertise 是及物動詞，其后要直接跟被宣傳的東西作賓語)People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人們?yōu)橐u的東西登廣告。The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 經(jīng)理想登廣告招聘一位新秘書。再比較以下用例：advertise jobs 登廣告招人advertise for jobs 登廣告求職2. No matter how much youve learned and how high a standard of education y

3、ou have had, you must _ the people heart and soul.A. serveB. serve forC. serve toD. serve on請看以下類似例子：(1) I _ you yesterday, but you werent in. A. rangB. rang toC. rang withD. rang to(2) Neither of her parents wanted her to _ her cousin.A. marryB. marry toC. marry withD. marry for(3) How can I _ you,

4、 Mr. Green?A. contactB. contact withC. contact toD. contact for3. According to the rules, students must not _ their books during examinations.A. readB. watchC. noticeD. look at一般說來，漢語的“看書”至少有兩層意思，一是指閱讀性地看書，即看書讀書，此時通常用動詞read；另一種看書則不是指閱讀性地看書，而只是大概地翻一翻或看一看，比如看看書的封面、定價、內容提要等，或者回答問題時看看書的某些章節(jié)或字句以及考試時偷看書本等

5、等，此時通常都不宜用動詞read，而應根據(jù)情況選用其他動詞(如 look at)。又如：Let me have a look at the book. 讓我看看或翻翻這本書。Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 請不看書回答我的問題。4. “I love traveling. I hope to go with you this time.” “But does your mother _ you to go?”A. letB. agreeC. allowD. promise不能選A是因為 let 后用作賓語補足語的

6、不定式不能帶 to；不能選B是因為動詞 agree 習慣上不用于 agree sb to do sth 這一句式；不能選D是因為在 promise sb to do sth 這一句式中，to do sth 的邏輯主語是 promise 的主語而不其是賓語，比如 He promised me to go 的意思是“他答應我，他去”，而不是“他答應我讓我去”。之所以能選C，是因為 allow sb to do sth（允許某人做某事）與上文語境剛好吻合。5. If they _ to make heart-felt apologies soon we will have to bring an a

7、ction against them.A. disagreedB. refusedC. agreedD. hoped事實上，語言有很多問題是不能類推的，如上面這一例，英語可說 agree to do sth，但習慣上卻不說 disagree to do sth。類似地，英語中可說 like doing to do sth，但在現(xiàn)代英語中習慣上說 dislike doing sth，卻不說dislike to do sth。6. They own two cars, not to _ a motorbike.A. speakB. sayC. talkD. mentionnot to say 和

8、not to mention 均為習語，但其含義區(qū)別甚大：not to mention更不用說，此外還有not to say雖不能說，即使不能說It is warm, not to say hot. 天氣雖說不上熱，但也夠暖了。He was impolite, not to say rude. 他即使不是粗魯，至少也是沒有禮貌。Therere ten of us ready to help, not to mention the children. 我們有10個人愿意幫忙，還不算小孩。They have three dogs to look after, not to mention the

9、cat and the bird. 他們有三只狗要照顧，更別提那只貓和鳥了。7. “Do your parents agree to your doing that?” “Yes, of course. In fact, they always _ me to try something new.”A. hopeB. suggestC. supportD. encourage 因為在以上四個選項中，只有encourage 可后接不定式的復合結構作賓語，即可用于 encourage sb to do sth，而其余三者均不可后接不定式的復合結構作賓語，即英語中習慣上不說 hope sb to d

10、o sth, suggest sb to do sth, support sb to do sth。順便說一句，以下英漢語表達也有類似差別，請注意：漢語說“希望某人做某事”，但英語不說 hope sb to do sth。漢語說“同意某人做某事”，但英語不說 agree sb to do sth。漢語說“不同意某人做某事”，但英語不說disagree sb to do sth。漢語說“害怕某人做某事”，但英語不說 fear sb to do sth。漢語說“拒絕某人做某事”，但英語不說 refuse sb to do sth。漢語說“懲罰某人做某事”，但英語不說 punish sb to do

11、 sth。漢語說“建議某人做某事”，但英語不說 suggest sb to do sth。漢語說“建議某人做某事”，但英語不說 propose sb to do sth。漢語說“贊成某人做某事”，但英語不說 approve sb to do sth。漢語說“安排某人做某事”，但英語不說 arrange sb to do sth。漢語說“要求某人做某事”，但英語不說 demand sb to do sth。漢語說“感謝某人做某事”，但英語不說 thank sb to do sth。漢語說“指導某人做某事”，但英語不說 guide sb to do sth。漢語說“祝賀某人做某事”，但英語不說 c

12、ongratulate sb to do sth。漢語說“阻止某人做某事”，但英語不說 prevent sb to do sth。漢語說“通知某人做某事”，但英語不說 inform sb to do sth。漢語說“歡迎某人做某事”，但英語不說 welcome sb to do sth。漢語說“陪伴某人做某事”，但英語不說 accompany sb to do sth。要表示以上漢語意思，英語需改用其他說法。如：advise sb to do sth 建議某人做某事wish sb to do sth / hope for sb to do sth 希望某人做某事arrnage for sb t

13、o do sth 安排某人做某事demand of sb to do sth 要求某人做某事thank sb for doing sth 感謝某人做了某事congratulate sb on doing sth 祝賀某人做了某事prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事等等。8. Nowadays everyone hopes to _ good education so as to get a good job in the future.A. acceptB. accept aC. receiveD. receive a因為英語中習慣說 receive a good

14、 education，而不說 accept a good education。另外，education 表示抽象意義的“教育”時，不可數(shù)，但表示“一種教育”或“一段教育”時，可與不定冠詞連用。9. Wearing dark glasses can _ your eyes from the sun.A. careB. preventC. defendD. protect10. Mr. Smith was in great need of money, so he _ $2 000 for his car. A. paidB. tookC. costD. spent若單獨說 He paid $2

15、000 for the car (他付了2 000美元買這車)是完全可以的，但問題是，本句前面有這樣一句He was in great need of money (他急需要錢)，既然是“急需要錢”，又怎么還會花2000美元去買車呢？尤其還需注意的是 car 前的物主代詞 his，這說明是為自己的車花2000美元錢，不合情理。take 在此表示“獲得”、“得到”，句意為“他急需要錢，把自己的車以2000美元給賣掉了”。11. There are many kinds _, but I dont know which to buy.A. to be chosenB. to choose from

16、C. to chooseD. for choosingchoose 表示“選擇”，其實是指“選擇出來”(pick out)，而不是指“從選擇”，要表示后者的意思，要用 choose from，有時也用 choose among。同樣地，下面兩例中的介詞 from 也不可省略：Here are some dictionaries for you choose from. 這些詞典可供你選擇。In fact, there are various colors to choose from. 事實上，有各種各樣的顏色可供選擇。比較：He chose a red one. 他選了一個紅色的。He ch

17、ose from some red ones. 他從一些紅色的當中去選。He didnt know which to choose. 他不知道選哪個。He didnt know which to choose from. 他不知道從哪個當中去選。(1) “We have sent out two best players to the sports meet. What about you?” “Well, not yet. We have few _, Id say.”A. chosenB. to chooseC. to be chosenD. to choose from(2) “Id l

18、ike to buy an expensive camera.” “Well, we have several models _.”A. to pick upB. to pickC. to chooseD. to choose from12. I _ him not to go abroad, but he wouldnt listen.A. persuadedB. tried to persuadeC. have persuadedD. was persuadedpersuade 的真正意思是“說服”，而不是“設法說服”，要表示后者的意思英語應用 try to persuade (當然也可用

19、其他詞，如 advise 等)。類似地：(1) kill 的意思是“殺死”，不表示“設法殺死”，要表示后者的意思英語用 try to kill。(2) prevent 的意思是“阻止”，不表示“設法阻止”，要表示后者的意思英語用 try to prevent。13. When she came several days later, she found that all things still _ where she had _ them. A. lay; laidB. laid; laidC. lay; lainD. lying; lain第一空填lay，它是lie(位于，在)的過去式 l

20、ay；第二空 laid，它是 lay(放，置)的過去分詞，句意為“她發(fā)現(xiàn)所有東西還在她當時放它們的地方”。請注意 lie, lay 的以下用法及詞形變換：(1) lay 有兩個常見意思：一是表示“放”、“擺”(及物)，二是表示“下(蛋)”(及物或不及物)。如：Lay your coat on the bed. 把你的外衣放在床上。Are your hens laying yet? 你的母雞下蛋了嗎？ Will you please lay the table for dinner? 請你擺好餐具準備吃飯好嗎?(2) lie 有三個主要意思：一是表示“躺”或“平放”，二是表示“位于”，三是表示“

21、說謊”。用于以上三義時，均為不及物動詞。如：Dont lie in bed all morning. 別一個上午都躺在床上。The book lay open on the desk. 那本書攤開著放在桌上。Dont lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上。The small town lies among the mountains. 小鎮(zhèn)位于群山之中。Im sorry I lied to you. 我很抱歉向你撒了謊。(3) 這兩個詞經(jīng)常被混淆的有時不是其意思，而是其詞形。注意下表所示：意 思現(xiàn)在分詞過去式過去分詞lie躺，平放，位于(vi.) lyin

22、g lay lainlie說謊(vi.) lying lied liedlay放(vt.)，下蛋(vi.&vt.) laying laid laid請做下題：(1) The hens _ 50 eggs last week, but this week they arent _.A. lay, lyingB. laid, layingC. lay, layingD. lied, lying(2) The girl _ on the ground _ to me that had _ the purse on the desk.A. lying, lay, laidB. lying, l

23、ied, laidC. lie, lied, layD. lay, lied, lain 14. He _ a visit to the factory and was warmly _ by the workers there.A. took, welcomeB. took, welcomedC. paid, welcomeD. paid, welcomed15. The boy said that the fish his mother cooked tasted _.A. goodB. wellC. to be goodD. to be well原因是用作連系動詞的 taste

24、 后習慣上不接to be。如：這棵樹上的蘋果味道很好。正：The apples from this tree taste delicious. 誤：The apples from this tree taste to be delicious.類似地，feel, smell, sound 等連系動詞后習慣上也不接不定式 to be。如：你的想法聽起來很好。正：Your idea sounds a good one.誤：Your idea sounds to be a good one.玫瑰發(fā)出香氣。正：Roses smell sweet.誤：Roses smell to be sweet.比較

25、：seem, appear, prove, turn out, continue 等連系動詞后可以接不定式 to be，也可省略 to be。如：She seems (to be) a little tired. 她似乎有點累。He appears (to be) quite young. 他顯得年輕。The examination turned out (to be) quite easy. 結果考試相當容易。The weather continued (to be ) fine. 天氣仍然很好。注：用作連系動詞的 look 后能否接 to be，各語法家意見不一：有的認為可接to be，有

26、的認為不能接 to be。為此，建議同學們以不接 to be 為宜。精編陷阱題訓練1. Were so busy that no one in the office can _ for any other work. A. spareB. be sparedC. shareD. be shared2. He regards that book _ one of the worst that hes _ read. A. to be, everB. to be, neverC. as, everD. as, never 3. “Did you get a job?” “No, I _, but

27、its no use.”A. expectedB. tried toC. managed toD. planned4. “Do you know that Jack _ a postman for about six years?” “Yes, I see.”A. has becomeB. has turnedC. has changedD. has been5. The thing that _ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not. A. mattersB. caresC. considersD. minds6

28、. I dont want the green coat. It is red and black colours that _ me very well.A. suitB. fitC. suitsD. fits7. “Will another fifty be enough?” “Just twenty will _.”A. workB. doC. suitD. fit8. Goodbye, Mr Carter my secretary will _ you to the door. A. sendB. leadC. driveD. show 9. This kind of cancer c

29、an be cured, provided it is _ early.A. gotB. gainedC. seenD. caught 10. We havent enough books for everyone; some of you will have to _.A. helpB. enjoyC. shareD. spare11. He asked her to marry him and she _ him. A. answeredB. receivedC. acceptedD. agreed12. My worst fears were _ when I saw what the

30、exam questions were. A. doneB. seenC. finishedD. realized13. The plan looks good on paper, but will it _? A. workB. passC. agreeD. does14. Whats the matter with the radio? Why isnt it _? A. broadcastingB. workingC. doingD. sounding15. High unemployment _ the government billions of pounds in lost tax

31、es. A. spendsB. takesC. usesD. costs16. Its hard to rescue drowning people because they _ so much. A. sinkB. swimC. jumpD. struggle17. She went to the station to meet her husband, but _ him in the crowd. A. passedB. recognizedC. missedD. lost18. I missed what was happening because I wasnt _ very clo

32、sely.A. noticingB. runningC. watchingD. glancing19. If you lend me a pound, it will _ me having to go to the bank. A. saveB. shareC. serveD. help20. Dont _ your breath trying to persuade them; theyll never listen.A. useB. wasteC. spendD. put21. He has spent little time on his lessons this term, so h

33、e _ to fail the exam. A. expectsB. hopesC. wishesD. requires22. He will never _ anything if he doesnt work hard. A. hopeB. wishC. achieveD. succeed短語動詞考點典型陷阱題分析1. When he realized the police had seen him, the man _ the exit as quickly as possible.A. made offB. made forC. made outD. made upmake for 意

34、為“移向，走向”。最具干擾性的選項是A，因為make off 的意思是“匆匆逃走”。之所以不能選A，是因為 make off 不及物，其后不能接賓語；而 make for 是及物的，其后可以接賓語。另外兩個選項的意思是：make out 指“勉強了解，開出(支票等)，成功”；make up 指“彌補，虛構，整理，編輯，化妝”。2. Now and then they would  _ our house and have a talk with us.A. call onB. drop in atC. drop in onD. drop indrop in 意為“順便走訪，

35、不預先通知的拜訪”，為不及物動詞，其后不接賓語，若要接賓語，遵循以下原則：表示拜訪某人，后接介詞on；表示拜訪某地，后接介詞at。call 表示“拜訪”時也遵循以上原則，即 call at 后接地點，call on 后接人。3. “Why didnt you write?” “My ink has _.” A. used upB. run out ofC. given awayD. given outgive out 有很多意思，如表示“分發(fā)，發(fā)出(氣味、熱等)，發(fā)表，用盡，精疲力竭”等，此題取其“用盡”之義。選項A和B很具干擾性，它們均可表示“用完，用盡”，但是它們是及物的，其后應接賓語。假

36、若將選項A改為been used up 也可以選。4. I think your health will soon _ if you have a holiday on the seaside.A. give upB. pick upC. take upD. get uppick up 的意思很多，其中一個用法是表示“恢復，改進，改善”。如：The weather may pick up. 天氣會好轉的。Business is picking up again. 生意又有所好轉。除此之處還可表示“拿起，撿起；收拾，整理；學會，獲得；(用車)來接，去??；重新開始，繼續(xù)；感染(疾病、壞習慣等)”等

37、。其他幾個選項的意思分別為：give up 意為“放棄”；take up 意為“開始(學習或從事等)，繼續(xù)，占去，接納，提出”；get up 意為“起床”。精編陷阱題訓練1. To our surprise the stranger _ to be an old friend of my mothers.A. turned outB. turned upC. set outD. set up2. All the girls swam in the lake except two, who _ halfway. A. gave offB. gave upC. gave awayD. gave o

38、ut3. If the new arrangement doesnt _, well go back to the old one.A. work overB. work outC. work upD. work in4. “Have great changes taken place in your village?” “Yes, A new school was _ in the village last year.”A. held upB. set upC. sent upD. brought up 5. I had to _ because someone else wanted to

39、 use the phone. A. give upB. put upC. hang upD. ring up6. Elephants would _ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.A. die downB. die outC. die awayD. die off7. My study of biology has _C_ much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment. A. taken offB. taken downC. t

40、aken upD. taken away8. The plan _ just because people were unwilling to co-operate(合作).A. broke downB. pulled downC. turned downD. put down9. The government has _ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children.A. asked forB. called forC. looked forD. paid for10. John has put on

41、 so much weight recently that his mother has to _ all his trousers to his measure.A. let outB. give awayC. bring inD. make up11. I can _ some noise while Im studying, but I cant stand very loud noise.A. put up withB. get rid ofC. have effect onD. keep away from12. The mother often tells her son to b

42、e a good boy, warning him to _ trouble.A. hold back fromB. keep out ofC. break away fromD. get rid of13. To my surprise, the manager _ 30 dollars from my salary without any good reason.A. cut offB. held upC. brought downD. kept back14. Steven has a lot of work to _ in the office since he has been aw

43、ay for quite a few days. A. take upB. make upC. work outD. carry out15. Although Jane agrees with me on most points, there was one on which she was unwilling to _.A. give outB. give inC. give awayD. give off 16. You should _ what your parents expect of you. A. live up toB. stand up toC. look up toD.

44、 run up to 17. I can hardly believe my eyes. What a poor composition you have _. There are so many wrong spellings in it. A. turned intoB. turned offC. turned toD. turned in 18. “Why dont we go for a picnic this weekend?” “Good idea! I would _ the car and youll prepare the food.”A. look afterB. take

45、 care ofC. see aboutD get down to 19. How I wish that I could _ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.A. set outB. set offC. set overD. set up20. Some kinds of animals can _ the colour of their surroundings.A. take onB. dress upC. put onD. get into動詞詞組專項復習一、give 詞組1. In t

46、hose days, he used to give _ a part of his income to help his friend.2. Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give _.3. If they are burned, they give _ poisonous gases.4. When they made ready to climb the next ridge（山脊）， they found that their  oxygen had given _.5. Both the man and h

47、orse gave _ after the long ride.6. All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given _ and the search stopped.7. Mary had to give _ her job after her marriage.8. 舉行音樂會9. 演講，做報告10.  給.上課11. 給某人關于. 的忠告Answers: 咨詢電話: 400-696-1369 每個孩子都是潛力無限的天才 網(wǎng)站：1. give away     贈送，給予2. give

48、in    投降，讓步，屈服3. give off    發(fā)出，放出4. give out     用完，耗盡5. give out     力竭6. give up     放棄7. give up     辭去8. give a concert9. give a talk10. give lessons to11. give sb. some advice on .二、 g

49、o  詞組1. Please don't go _  _ it till you've seen me again.2. He has been in this class only a few weeks and he is already going _.3. Many years have gone _ since we first met.4. The parade （游行）went _ us.5. The crocodile went _ under the water.6. Let's go _ by the lift(elevator)

50、.7. The war went _ until 1918.8. If you never read the newspapers, you'll never know what's going _    in the world.9. After he had given an account （說明）of the difficulties he went _    to suggest ways of overcoming them.10. They went _  _  their open-

51、air performance in spite of the rain.11. Put more wood on the fire, otherwise it will go _.12. The mechanic（技師）went _ the engine but found nothing wrong.13. They went _ their lessons together at night.14. The bullet（子彈）went _ the wall.15. The police went _ very room of the building.16. 去釣魚17. 去買東西18

52、. 去游泳19. 回家20. 出去散步21. 入睡22. 全力以赴23. 上大學24. 去醫(yī)院25. 上學26. 上床睡覺27. 去電影院看電影Answers:1. go ahead with       繼續(xù)進行， 推進，前進 2. go ahead     取得進展3. go by     時間過去4. go by     經(jīng)過5. go down      下去

53、，下沉6. go down     下去7.go on     繼續(xù)8. go on     發(fā)生，進行9. go on     繼續(xù)10. go on with     繼續(xù)11. go out     燈，火熄滅12. go over     檢查13. go over    

54、; 復習14. go through     穿過，通過15. go through     仔細檢查，查看16. go fishing17. go shopping18. go swimming19. go home20. go out for a walk21. go to sleep22. go all out23. go to college24. go to hospital25. go to school26. go to bed27. go to the cinema三、look  詞組1.

55、 The boy is old enough to look _ himself.2. He spent two weeks in Shanghai, looking _ the city.3. We are looking _  _ hearing from you soon.4. Join us.  Don't just look _.5. They all looked _ him _ a member of their family.6. Look _!  There is danger ahead.7. I shall look _ that I

56、 don't trust him again.8. He looked _ his notes before writing the report.9. Look _ these photographs and try to pick out the man you see.10. I must look _ the time of your train.11. A fox came to the tree and looked _ at the cock.Answers:1. look after      照顧，照料2. look

57、around/about     四處看看，四下環(huán)顧3. look forward to     盼望，期待4. look on   旁觀，觀望5. look on . as .     把.看作.6. look out   當心，小心，留神7. look out     警惕8. look through   瀏覽，翻閱，溫習9. look through   仔細查看10. look up     查尋，查閱11. look up     仰視四、make  詞組1