大學授課ppt模板：醫(yī)學微生物學MEDICALMICROB

1、MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGYM.B.B.S. Phase IIIMMUNOLOGYLecture 1. Introduction to ImmunologyDr. Durgadas Naik, International Medical SchoolManagement and Science University, Malaysia20-10-2010Microbiology : Systematic study of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms : Bacteria, Fungi, Algae,Parasites,Viruses,Prions an

2、d ViroidsBasic branches Bacteriology Study of Bacteria Virology Study of Viruses Mycology Study of Fungi Parasitology Study of parasites Phycology Study of algae Applied Branches Medical Microbiology Study of microorganisms of medical importance Agriculural Microbiology Study of microorganisms in Ag

3、riculture Food Microbiology Study of Microorganisms in Food Environmental Microbiology Study of Microorganisms in Environment Industrial Microbiology Study of Microorganisms applied in industriesMedical MicrobiologyBranches Medical Bacteriology Study of Bacteria Medical Virology Study of Viruses Med

4、ical Mycology Study of Fungi Medical Parasitology Study of parasites Immunology Study of Immunity (involves immune system, immune response) Immunity : The resistance offered by host against microorganisms (biomolecules)or their parts or products (toxins). In This Course You Study : Defense system in

5、 humans, organs and cells involved Different defense mechanisms Role of defense cells, antigen, antibodies, complement and cytokines in immunity. Different types of antigen and antibodies Innate and acquired immunity- humoral and cell mediated. Different types of hypersensitivity reactions and mecha

6、nisms involved. Role of MHC in antigen recognition and transplantation Different types of immunodeficiency diseases Autoimmunity, Tumor immunology Importance of vaccines and immunization Different types of antigen antibody reactions and their applicationHistorical Aspects1. Edwerd Jenner: Introduced

7、 the technique of vaccination using cow pox material in 1876. Jenners vaccination led to the eradication of small pox. 2. Louis Pasteur :Developed vaccine for anthrax and rabies (1881). He attenuated cultures of anthrax bacilli by incubating at higher temperature 42-43 C & proved that inoculatio

8、n of such cultures of the anthrax bacillus induced specific protection against anthrax. His discovery of rabies vaccine is one of the remarkable discoveries in history of mankind. 3. Elie Metchnikoff (1883) Discovered the phenomenon of phagocytosis and proposed phagocytic response as the prime defen

9、se against the microbial invasion of tissues. This led to cellular concept of immunity. 4.Buchner (1889) discovered a heat labile substance, which was bactericidal and termed it as “ alexine”. Subsequently Bordet (1895) discovered combined action of the two substances. One being antibody and another

10、 alexine. He used the term “ Complement” for alexine. 5.Robert koch (1890) described hypersensitivity Reaction known as Kochs phenomenon. 6. Karl Landsteiner (1900) discovered ABO blood groups.7.Burnet (1957) put forwarded clonal selection Theory for antibody synthesis. In 1967, he developed the con

11、cept of immunological surveillance.8. Medawar and Burnet (1940-1950) explained successful transplants possible by elective immunosuppression and proper selection of donors.Since 1975, Number of scientists have worked -Molecular level study, detection of Enzymes, Hormones, microorganisms, parts, prod

12、ucts by using new techniques, diagnosis of diseases, Immunotherapy, Immunogenetics, Transplantation, auto immune diseasesMonoclonal antibodies.With every mile stone in discoveries regarding human defense system and different cells, components involved in defense mechanisms, the special field of Immu

13、nology has emerged and considered to be an essential branch of medical microbiology. Development of the Immune System RBCPlateletsMyeloid Stem cellsNeutrophilBaso., EosinMonocytesLymphoid stem cellsNatural Killer cellsThymusCD8+CD4+CTLTH2TH1LymphoblastLymphoblastT-LymphocytesB-LymphocytesLymphoid SystemLymphoid OrgansCentral Thymus ( T lymphocytes) Bone Marrow ( Bursa of Fabricius)- (B lymphocytes)Peripheral Lymphnodes Spleen Malt - Mucosa Asociated Lymphoid Tisse Galt Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue Balt Bronch