英語(yǔ)一般過(guò)去時(shí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)歸納總結(jié)英語(yǔ)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)

1、英語(yǔ)一般過(guò)去時(shí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)歸納總結(jié):英語(yǔ)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)一般過(guò)去時(shí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為；主語(yǔ)在過(guò)去時(shí)間段所具備的能力和性格。一般過(guò)去時(shí)句子最明顯的現(xiàn)象就是常由表達(dá)過(guò)去時(shí)間的副詞、副詞短語(yǔ)或從句來(lái)界定。過(guò)去的概念并不僅指如yesterday, last week, ;等，實(shí)際上與現(xiàn)在對(duì)立的過(guò)去，亦即非現(xiàn)在的以前，哪怕是過(guò)了說(shuō)話時(shí)間的幾分鐘之前，只要所要表達(dá)的時(shí)間與說(shuō)話時(shí)的現(xiàn)在形成對(duì)立，就必須使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如： He was here only a few minutes ago.僅僅幾分鐘前他還在這里。 I came home ju

2、st now. 我剛回到家。this + 時(shí)間，today等時(shí)間副詞常用于修飾一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，但是 只要句子的本意是與說(shuō)話時(shí)的現(xiàn)在對(duì)立，即使句子中有this + 時(shí)間，today等時(shí)間副詞，也必須使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如： I got up very early this morning. 今天早晨我起床很早。 He was late for school again today.今天他又遲到了。強(qiáng)化理解：1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)刻或時(shí)期所發(fā)生的事情，也可以表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。一般過(guò)去時(shí)只說(shuō)明過(guò)去的事情，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。 I had a word with Julia th

3、is morning.今天早晨，我跟朱麗亞說(shuō)了幾句話。He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up.他沒(méi)有戒煙的那陣子，抽煙抽得可兇了。2.表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間 里 經(jīng)常或反復(fù)的動(dòng)作 ，與 常與 always ，never 等連用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太過(guò)去老是帶著一把傘。 ( ( 只是說(shuō)明她過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著傘) )I never drank wine. 我以前從不喝酒。 ( ( 不涉及到現(xiàn)在，不說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在是否喝酒) )3.表示過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種

4、情況下句子中往往沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then died. 那男孩把眼睛張開(kāi)了一會(huì)兒，看看船長(zhǎng)，然后就去世了。4.有些句子雖然沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但實(shí)際上發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)是指過(guò)去，也要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這一點(diǎn)我們中國(guó)學(xué)生往往出錯(cuò)，要特別注意！ I didn;t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。( ( 因?yàn)樵谡f(shuō)話時(shí)，我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說(shuō)話之前，所以只能用過(guò)去時(shí)表示。實(shí) 際上，這句話暗指：But

5、 now I know you were here.) )I thought you were ill.我以為你病了呢。( ( 這句話應(yīng)是在說(shuō)話之前我以為你病了 ， 但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒(méi)病) )5.在談到已死去的人的情況時(shí)多用過(guò)去時(shí)。Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷鋒是個(gè)好戰(zhàn)士。6.一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。大體可分為如下幾類： yesterday 、the day before yesterday (前天) 、the other day (前幾天) 、in the old days (在過(guò)去的日子里) just now (剛才) 、this morning

6、/afternoon/evening ago (a while ago;方才、剛才 two days ago;前兩天、a few days ago;前幾天、long long ago;很久很久以前) last night / week / Sunday / weekend / month / winter / year / century(上個(gè)世紀(jì)) once upon a time (很久以前) 、before(在;之前，如：before liberation 在解放前) at + 一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn) (at the age of 10;在 10 歲是時(shí)候)、then (= at that time

7、) (當(dāng)時(shí))When 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(When I was 8 years old，當(dāng)我八歲的時(shí)候) 表達(dá)方法 ：一般過(guò)去時(shí)的表達(dá)方法可以細(xì)分為以下三種情況：( ( 一) )連系動(dòng)詞( ( 簡(jiǎn)稱為系動(dòng)詞)e be 的一般過(guò)去時(shí)系動(dòng)詞 be 的一般過(guò)去時(shí)屬于不規(guī)則變化，第一、第三人稱單數(shù)用 was，其他情況用 were?；居梅ㄒ?jiàn)表一。表一 人稱和數(shù) 肯定句(肯定陳述句) 否定句(否定陳述句) 一般疑問(wèn)句 肯定、否定回答 單 數(shù) 第一 人稱 I was late yesterday. I wasn;t late yesterday. Were you late yesterday? Yes,

8、 I was. No, I wasn;t. 第二 人稱 You were late yesterday. You weren;t late yesterday. Were you late yesterday? Yes, I was. No, I wasn;t. 第三 人稱 He was late yesterday. He wasn;t late yesterday. Was he late yesterday r? Yes, he was. No, he wasn;t. 屬于 單數(shù) 第三 人稱 Her car was a Toyota. Her car wasn;t a Toyota. W

9、as her car a Toyota? Yes, it was. No, it wasn;t. Tom was ill yesterday. Tom wasn;t ill yesterday. Was Tom ill yesterday? Yes, he was. No, he wasn;t. There was an apple on the table last night. There wasn;t apple on the table last night. Was there apple on the table last night? Yes, there was.No, the

10、re wasn;t. 復(fù) 數(shù) 所有復(fù)數(shù)人稱和 所有復(fù)數(shù) 形式 We were students. We weren;t students. Were you students? Yes, we were. No, we weren;t. You were my employees.你們是我的雇員。You weren;t my employees. Were you my employees? Yes, we were. No, we weren;t. They were doctors. They weren;t doctors. Were they doctors? Yes, they we

11、re. No, they weren;t. My parents were teachers. My parents weren;t teachers. Were your parents teachers? Yes, they were. No, they weren;t. These were my books. These weren;t my books. Were these your books? Yes, they were. No, they weren;t. ( ( 二) )普通動(dòng)詞( ( 也稱為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞) 的一般過(guò)去時(shí)1.陳述句。普通動(dòng)詞(也稱實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞)

12、組成的一般過(guò)去時(shí)陳述句形式為：主語(yǔ)+ +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+ +賓語(yǔ)+ +其它。動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化可分兩類：規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。規(guī)則變化有如下幾種情況：情況 構(gòu)成方法 讀音 例詞 一般情況 加 ed 元音后面讀t 清輔音后讀t 濁輔音后讀d 在t、d音后面id work;worked listen;listened 以 e 結(jié)尾的詞 加 d like;liked arrive;arrived 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞 先雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母 再加 ed stop;stopped plan;planned 以元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的詞 加 ed enjoy;enjoyed play;played 以輔音字母+y 結(jié)

13、尾的詞把 y 改成i 再加 ed study;studied carry;carried worry;worried 2.否定句。普通動(dòng)詞(也稱實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞)一般過(guò)去時(shí)陳述句變成否定句時(shí)，要借用助動(dòng)詞 did。形式為：主語(yǔ)+ + did not + 動(dòng)詞原形。(其中：did not = didn;t) 3.疑問(wèn)句。普通動(dòng)詞(也稱實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞)一般過(guò)去時(shí)陳述句變成疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，也需要借用助動(dòng)詞did。形式為：Did+ +主語(yǔ)+ + 動(dòng)詞原形 + + ?。普通動(dòng)詞(也稱實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法見(jiàn)表二。表二 人稱和數(shù) 肯定句(肯定陳述句) 否定句(否定陳述句) 一般疑問(wèn)句 肯

14、定、否定 回答 單 數(shù) 第一 人稱 I watched TV last night. I didn;t watch TV last night. Did you watch TV last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn;t. 第二 人稱 You watched TV last night. You didn;t watch TV last night. Did you watch TV last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn;t. 第三 人稱 He watched TV last night. He didn;t watch TV l

15、ast night. Did he watch TV last night? Yes, he did. No, he didn;t. 屬于 單數(shù) 第三 人稱 His brother watched TV last night. His brother didn;t watch TV last night. Did his brother watch TV last night? Yes, he did. No, he didn;t. Mike watched TV last night. Mike didn;t watch TV last night. Did Mike watch TV la

16、st night? Yes, he did. No, he didn;t. 復(fù) 數(shù) 所有復(fù)數(shù)人稱和 所有復(fù)數(shù) 形式 We watched TV last night. We didn;t watch TV last night. Did you watch TV last night? Yes, we did. No, we didn;t. You watched TV last night. You didn;t watch TV last night. Did you watch TV last night? Yes, we did. No, we didn;t. They watched

17、 TV last night. They didn;t watch TV last night. Did they watch TV last night? Yes, they did. No, they didn;t. My parents watched TV last night. My parents didn;t watch TV last night. Did your parents watch TV last night? Yes, they did. No, they didn;t.( ( 三) )情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)要使用它們的過(guò)去式，后面的動(dòng)詞還使用

18、原形。 例如：I had to do my homework yesterday. （昨天我不得不做作業(yè)。）can ; could (能，會(huì)) may might (可以) must must (必須) have to had to (不得不) shall should (將要) 僅用于第一人稱單數(shù)will would (將要) 用于所有人稱 對(duì)比辨析：1.表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)的動(dòng)作 ，與 常與 always ，never 等連用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太過(guò)去老是帶著一把傘。 ( ( 只是說(shuō)明她過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著傘) ) 比較: Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是帶著傘。 ( ( 說(shuō)明這是她的習(xí)慣，表明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘) ) Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太總是帶著一把傘。 ( ( 表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)這一動(dòng)作或行為厭煩) ) I never drank wine. 我以前