英語一般過去時語法知識歸納總結英語過去時態(tài)總結

1、英語一般過去時語法知識歸納總結:英語過去時態(tài)總結一般過去時語法知識一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為；主語在過去時間段所具備的能力和性格。一般過去時句子最明顯的現(xiàn)象就是常由表達過去時間的副詞、副詞短語或從句來界定。過去的概念并不僅指如yesterday, last week, ;等，實際上與現(xiàn)在對立的過去，亦即非現(xiàn)在的以前，哪怕是過了說話時間的幾分鐘之前，只要所要表達的時間與說話時的現(xiàn)在形成對立，就必須使用一般過去時來表達。例如： He was here only a few minutes ago.僅僅幾分鐘前他還在這里。 I came home ju

2、st now. 我剛回到家。this + 時間，today等時間副詞常用于修飾一般現(xiàn)在時，但是 只要句子的本意是與說話時的現(xiàn)在對立，即使句子中有this + 時間，today等時間副詞，也必須使用一般過去時。例如： I got up very early this morning. 今天早晨我起床很早。 He was late for school again today.今天他又遲到了。強化理解：1.一般過去時表示在過去某個特定時刻或時期所發(fā)生的事情，也可以表示過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作。一般過去時只說明過去的事情，不強調(diào)動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。 I had a word with Julia th

3、is morning.今天早晨，我跟朱麗亞說了幾句話。He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up.他沒有戒煙的那陣子，抽煙抽得可兇了。2.表示過去一段時間 里 經(jīng)?；蚍磸偷膭幼?，與 常與 always ，never 等連用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。 ( ( 只是說明她過去的動作，不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著傘) )I never drank wine. 我以前從不喝酒。 ( ( 不涉及到現(xiàn)在，不說明現(xiàn)在是否喝酒) )3.表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動作時要用一般過去時。這種

4、情況下句子中往往沒有表示過去的時間狀語，通過上下文來表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then died. 那男孩把眼睛張開了一會兒，看看船長，然后就去世了。4.有些句子雖然沒有表示過去的時間狀語，但實際上發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)是指過去，也要用一般過去時。這一點我們中國學生往往出錯，要特別注意！ I didn;t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。( ( 因為在說話時，我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說話之前，所以只能用過去時表示。實 際上，這句話暗指：But

5、 now I know you were here.) )I thought you were ill.我以為你病了呢。( ( 這句話應是在說話之前我以為你病了 ， 但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒病) )5.在談到已死去的人的情況時多用過去時。Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷鋒是個好戰(zhàn)士。6.一般過去時常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。大體可分為如下幾類： yesterday 、the day before yesterday (前天) 、the other day (前幾天) 、in the old days (在過去的日子里) just now (剛才) 、this morning

6、/afternoon/evening ago (a while ago;方才、剛才 two days ago;前兩天、a few days ago;前幾天、long long ago;很久很久以前) last night / week / Sunday / weekend / month / winter / year / century(上個世紀) once upon a time (很久以前) 、before(在;之前，如：before liberation 在解放前) at + 一個時間點 (at the age of 10;在 10 歲是時候)、then (= at that time

7、) (當時)When 引導的時間狀語從句(When I was 8 years old，當我八歲的時候) 表達方法 ：一般過去時的表達方法可以細分為以下三種情況：( ( 一) )連系動詞( ( 簡稱為系動詞)e be 的一般過去時系動詞 be 的一般過去時屬于不規(guī)則變化，第一、第三人稱單數(shù)用 was，其他情況用 were。基本用法見表一。表一 人稱和數(shù) 肯定句(肯定陳述句) 否定句(否定陳述句) 一般疑問句 肯定、否定回答 單 數(shù) 第一 人稱 I was late yesterday. I wasn;t late yesterday. Were you late yesterday? Yes,

8、 I was. No, I wasn;t. 第二 人稱 You were late yesterday. You weren;t late yesterday. Were you late yesterday? Yes, I was. No, I wasn;t. 第三 人稱 He was late yesterday. He wasn;t late yesterday. Was he late yesterday r? Yes, he was. No, he wasn;t. 屬于 單數(shù) 第三 人稱 Her car was a Toyota. Her car wasn;t a Toyota. W

9、as her car a Toyota? Yes, it was. No, it wasn;t. Tom was ill yesterday. Tom wasn;t ill yesterday. Was Tom ill yesterday? Yes, he was. No, he wasn;t. There was an apple on the table last night. There wasn;t apple on the table last night. Was there apple on the table last night? Yes, there was.No, the

10、re wasn;t. 復 數(shù) 所有復數(shù)人稱和 所有復數(shù) 形式 We were students. We weren;t students. Were you students? Yes, we were. No, we weren;t. You were my employees.你們是我的雇員。You weren;t my employees. Were you my employees? Yes, we were. No, we weren;t. They were doctors. They weren;t doctors. Were they doctors? Yes, they we

11、re. No, they weren;t. My parents were teachers. My parents weren;t teachers. Were your parents teachers? Yes, they were. No, they weren;t. These were my books. These weren;t my books. Were these your books? Yes, they were. No, they weren;t. ( ( 二) )普通動詞( ( 也稱為實義動詞、行為動詞) 的一般過去時1.陳述句。普通動詞(也稱實義動詞、行為動詞)

12、組成的一般過去時陳述句形式為：主語+ +動詞過去式+ +賓語+ +其它。動詞過去式變化可分兩類：規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。規(guī)則變化有如下幾種情況：情況 構成方法 讀音 例詞 一般情況 加 ed 元音后面讀t 清輔音后讀t 濁輔音后讀d 在t、d音后面id work;worked listen;listened 以 e 結尾的詞 加 d like;liked arrive;arrived 以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的詞 先雙寫最后的輔音字母 再加 ed stop;stopped plan;planned 以元音字母+y 結尾的詞 加 ed enjoy;enjoyed play;played 以輔音字母+y 結

13、尾的詞把 y 改成i 再加 ed study;studied carry;carried worry;worried 2.否定句。普通動詞(也稱實義動詞、行為動詞)一般過去時陳述句變成否定句時，要借用助動詞 did。形式為：主語+ + did not + 動詞原形。(其中：did not = didn;t) 3.疑問句。普通動詞(也稱實義動詞、行為動詞)一般過去時陳述句變成疑問句時，也需要借用助動詞did。形式為：Did+ +主語+ + 動詞原形 + + ?。普通動詞(也稱實義動詞、行為動詞)一般過去時的基本用法見表二。表二 人稱和數(shù) 肯定句(肯定陳述句) 否定句(否定陳述句) 一般疑問句 肯

14、定、否定 回答 單 數(shù) 第一 人稱 I watched TV last night. I didn;t watch TV last night. Did you watch TV last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn;t. 第二 人稱 You watched TV last night. You didn;t watch TV last night. Did you watch TV last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn;t. 第三 人稱 He watched TV last night. He didn;t watch TV l

15、ast night. Did he watch TV last night? Yes, he did. No, he didn;t. 屬于 單數(shù) 第三 人稱 His brother watched TV last night. His brother didn;t watch TV last night. Did his brother watch TV last night? Yes, he did. No, he didn;t. Mike watched TV last night. Mike didn;t watch TV last night. Did Mike watch TV la

16、st night? Yes, he did. No, he didn;t. 復 數(shù) 所有復數(shù)人稱和 所有復數(shù) 形式 We watched TV last night. We didn;t watch TV last night. Did you watch TV last night? Yes, we did. No, we didn;t. You watched TV last night. You didn;t watch TV last night. Did you watch TV last night? Yes, we did. No, we didn;t. They watched

17、 TV last night. They didn;t watch TV last night. Did they watch TV last night? Yes, they did. No, they didn;t. My parents watched TV last night. My parents didn;t watch TV last night. Did your parents watch TV last night? Yes, they did. No, they didn;t.( ( 三) )情態(tài)動詞的一般過去時情態(tài)動詞的一般過去時態(tài)要使用它們的過去式，后面的動詞還使用

18、原形。 例如：I had to do my homework yesterday. （昨天我不得不做作業(yè)。）can ; could (能，會) may might (可以) must must (必須) have to had to (不得不) shall should (將要) 僅用于第一人稱單數(shù)will would (將要) 用于所有人稱 對比辨析：1.表示過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反復的動作 ，與 常與 always ，never 等連用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。 ( ( 只是說明她過去的動作，不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著傘) ) 比較: Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是帶著傘。 ( ( 說明這是她的習慣，表明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習慣總帶著一把傘) ) Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太總是帶著一把傘。 ( ( 表示說話者對這一動作或行為厭煩) ) I never drank wine. 我以前