人教版高中英語必修五復習資料

1、人教版高中英語必修五復習資料Units 1-21. doubtdoubt 是高考中的高頻考查詞匯。doubt 可作動詞和名詞，是新課標重點詞匯。其命題角度為：作動詞時，若為肯定句，后跟賓語從句,通常用 if/whether 引導，若為否定句，則通常用 that 引導。doubt 作名詞時，通常用于There is no doubt that .( 毫無疑問）結(jié)構(gòu)。2010 年高考對doubt的考查還將集中在其后跟從句時連接詞的選擇上， 也有可能將 doubt 與其他動詞或名詞放在一起進行詞義辨析。2. exposeexpose 是新課標要求掌握的單詞，應重點掌握它的義項及常見用法，特別是 be

2、 exposed to 句式，其中to 為介詞，后跟名詞、代詞和動名詞；同時注意exposed to 作后置定語和用于句首作狀語的用法。另外， being exposed to 結(jié)構(gòu)用動名詞形式作主語也是重點和難點，極易考查。預測 2010 年命題方向為exposed to 作狀語和定語的用法。3. absorbabsorb 是新課標重點單詞，重點掌握其“吸收（液體，熱）；吸收，理解（知識） ”的詞義及其 be absorbed in(全神貫注于)的用法， 易考點為該短語位于句首作狀語和作后置定語兩點，考生應能掌握be absorbed by(為某事物所吸引)；還應聯(lián)系be engaged i

3、n, be devoted to, beinvolved in 和 be lost in 等常見重點近義短語。4. apart fromapart from 是常見介詞短語，意為“除之外” ，考生應熟練掌握近義的詞和短語：except,besides,in addition (to), other than, except for, except that, except when等。預測2010 年高考會在單項填空題中直接考查或者會出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解題中。5. availableavailable 是新課標重點單詞，在近幾年高考和各地的模擬考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，主要考點為：詞義 (可得到的，可用

4、的 )。 命題形式常為形容詞詞義辨析，如區(qū)分 accessible, acceptable,sensible, favourite,average, convenientavailable for 意為“使可以享受某物等。用法。be available to 意為“可利用的” ， be;使買得起某物” , 要了解二者的區(qū)別。預測2010 年高考命題會以考查詞義或者形容詞短語作后置定語為命題方向。6. consist ofconsist of 是近幾年高考高頻考查短語。理解其詞義“組成，構(gòu)成”?？疾榕c其他近義詞組的用法異同點。如be made up of, be composed of, con

5、stitute, be formed of等?？忌貏e注意 consist of 要用主動形式表達，不用系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 預測這一考點將成為2010 年高考考查的重點，特別是用consisting of作后置定語。7. break down由 break構(gòu)成的動詞短語是歷年高考命題的重點。考生必須明確break down 的幾個常見義項，根據(jù)不同的語境加以判斷。break down， break up, break off, break away, break in等，都要求考生熟知它們的常見義項，因為命題時可能會對該短語直接考查，也可在短文中考查對其意義的理解。8. only+ 狀語（狀語從句）

6、位于句首構(gòu)成部分倒裝這是考生必須熟練掌握的句式之一，以往的高考題中已多次考查到。倒裝句式有多種情況，該句式為日常交際中較常見的一種。 特別提示： only 只有強調(diào)狀語或者狀語從句才構(gòu)成部分倒裝，強調(diào)主語或賓語不用倒裝。預測該句式是2010 年高考命題考查的重點。重要詞匯拓展Unit 1Great scientists1. _ n. 特征；特性2. _ vt.&vi. 結(jié)束；推斷出 _ n. 結(jié)論3. _ vt. 打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫4._ vt. 參加；出席；照顧；護理_ n. 參加；出席；侍從；看護5._ vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光_ n. 暴露；揭穿；揭發(fā)6._ vt.&

7、n.治愈；痊愈 _adj. 可治愈的_ vt.& n.控制；支配8._ vt. 吸收；吸引；使專心_adj. 被吸收的；全神貫注的9. _ adj. 嚴重的；嚴厲的；劇烈的characteristic2. conclude； conclusion3. defeat4. attend； attendance5. expose； exposure 6. cure； curable 7. control8. absorb； absorbed 9. severe10._ vt.宣布；通告 _n. 宣布；宣告；通知11._ vt. 命令；指示；教導 _ adj.有教育意義的；有指導意義的_n.指

8、導；指示；指令_ n. 教師；講師；指導員12._ vt.&vi. 捐獻；貢獻；捐助 _n.貢獻；奉獻13._ adj. 有創(chuàng)造力的；創(chuàng)造性的；獨創(chuàng)的_n.創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)作14._ adj. 熱情的；熱心的 _ n. 熱心；熱情15. _ adj. 小心的；謹慎的 _n.小心；謹慎；慎重16. _ vt. 拒絕；不接受；丟棄；拋棄17. _ vt. 建造；構(gòu)造；創(chuàng)立 _n.建造；建筑；結(jié)構(gòu)18. _vt. 分析 _n.分析19. _ vt. 污染；弄臟 _ n. 污染10.announce;announcement111.instruct ； instructive ； instructio

9、ninstructor12. contribute ； contribution13. creative ；creation14. enthusiastic； enthusiasm15. cautious； caution16. reject17. construct; construction18. analyse; analysis19. pollute; pollution1. put _提出2. _ a conclusion得出結(jié)論3. in _另外4. _ to an end 結(jié)束5. _ .to . 將和連接起來6. _ from除之外7. be _ with 對嚴格的8. lea

10、d _導致；通向9. make _ 有道理；有意義；講得通10. _ of view 態(tài)度；觀點11. be _ to 暴露于12. be _ in 全神貫注于13. _ into 調(diào)查14. be _ /_ 支持 /反對forward2. draw3. addition4. come5. link6. apart 7.strict8. to9. sense10. point11. exposed 12. absorbed 13. look14. for/against重點短語梳理1._ its cause _ its cure was understood.人們不但不知道它的病源，也不了解它

11、的治療方法。2.So many thousands of terrified people died _ _ there was an outbreak.每次暴發(fā)（霍亂）時，都有大批驚恐的老百姓死去。3.John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _ _.約翰·斯諾建議所有的水源都要經(jīng)過檢測。4. _ _ you put the sun there _ the movements of the other planets in the sky makesense.只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行

12、星的運動才能說得清楚。1. Neither; nor2. every time3. be examined4. Only if; did重點句型再現(xiàn)1. John Snow defeats“ King Cholera”.約翰·斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王”。defeat 意為“擊??；打??；使（計劃，希望）落空”。 defeat, conquer 與 overcome三個詞都含有“戰(zhàn)勝” 、“擊敗”的意思。defeat 指“贏得勝利” , 尤其指軍事上的勝利 , 如 defeat the enemy(打敗敵人 ); conquer 指“征服; 戰(zhàn)勝”,尤其指獲得對人、 物或感情的控制 ,如 con

13、quer nature（征服自然） ；overcome 指“戰(zhàn)勝；壓倒；克服” ，尤其指“感情” , 如 overcome difficulties （克服困難） ?！疽谆毂嫖觥窟x詞填空（ beat/defeat/conquer/win ） By not working hard enough you _ your own purpose. Some countries may be _ but can never be _.Who is _ the drum? He _ the first prize in the writing contest.【答案】 defeated defeated

14、; conqueredbeatingwondefeat, beat 與 windefeat,beat都表示在戰(zhàn)斗或競賽中“戰(zhàn)勝,打敗( 對手)” , 后接競爭對手。如beat thecompetitor/the country/the team . 打敗對手 /國家 /隊I can beat/defeat you at swimming. 我游泳能勝過你。He was defeated/beaten at chess他.下象棋輸了。win也表示“戰(zhàn)勝,贏得” ,但它的賓語通常是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎品或表尊重、崇拜之類意義的詞。如 win a race/a battle/a war/a scholar

15、ship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward . 贏得賽跑/ 戰(zhàn)役 /戰(zhàn)爭 /獎學金 /獎品 /獎章 /成功 /友誼 /獎賞高手過招2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但當他一想到要幫助（那些）受到霍亂威脅的普通百姓，他就感到很振奮。exposed to cholera 在句中是過去分詞短語作后置定語，表示被動，修飾 people，相當于定語從句 which were exposed to choler

16、a 意為“患霍亂的” 。 expose 意為“暴露； 揭露； 使曝光”，常與介詞 to 連用，表示“使暴露于 （日光、 風雨等）；受到風險；使面臨” 。常見結(jié)構(gòu)： expose sth./sb./oneself (to .) 顯露或暴露be exposed to 暴露于高手過招用 expose 的適當形式填空In summer,_the sun can be very harmful to your skin.The soil was washed away by the flood, _bare rock.【答案】 being exposed to exposing3. Neither it

17、s cause nor its cure was understood.人們不但不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。cure vt.&n.治愈，治療法；常用于cure sb. of .結(jié)構(gòu)中。cure, treat, heal 與 recover cure 意為“治療；治愈” ，多用于指藥物治療并治愈某種疾病或改正不良習氣。treat 為日常用語，意為“治療；醫(yī)治” ，指治療病人的全過程或活動。 heal 意為“治愈（傷口） ； 醫(yī)治”，指治好外傷或燒傷后的部位，使傷口愈合，不用于指治療感冒等疾病。recover 意為“痊愈 ,復原”，主要是指從病中痊愈了，常與from 連用。Tha

18、t will cure him of his bad habits.那將改正他的壞習慣。There are only two doctors to treat more than 50 patients.只有兩名醫(yī)生來治療50 多個病人。The wound on my arm has healed. 我胳膊上的傷已痊愈了。He s now fully recovered from his bad cold.他現(xiàn)在已完全從重感冒中康復了?！疽谆毂嫖觥客瓿删渥覲enicillin _ _ _his pneumonia.盤尼西林治好了他的肺炎。 After the accident, the lor

19、ry driver _ _ for cuts and bruises.事故后卡車司機的擦傷得到了治療。 The cut on his finger _ quickly.他手指上的傷口很快愈合了?！敬鸢浮?cured him of was treated healed高手過招4. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二種看法是人們是在吃飯時把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。suggest vt. 暗示；表明 (陳述語氣 )；建議（ suggest doing; s

20、uggest thatclause）His attitude suggested that he was not interested in it at all.他的態(tài)度表明他對此一點也不感興趣。I suggested that he (should) adapt himself to his new conditions.我建議他應該適應新的情況。absorb 意為“吸收；吸引；使專心；合并；吞并”，常見結(jié)構(gòu)：absorb one s attention吸引某人的注意力be absorbed in sth.專心于某事be absorbed by/into被吞并；為所吸收Clever chil

21、dren absorb knowledge easily.聰明的孩子掌握知識很容易。Aspirin is quickly absorbed by/into the body.阿司匹林很快被身體吸收了。He is absorbed in his business. 他專心致志地處理事務。Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses.大多數(shù)小商店已被并入大公司。完成句子 _ _ _ _ _ _, the man walked into a wall.那個人看報紙?zhí)肷褡驳搅藟ι稀?They were _ _ _ _ _ the s

22、how on television that they found it hard to pullaway.他們聚精會神地看著電視里的表演，舍不得離開。【答案】 Deeply absorbed in the newspaper so deeply absorbed in watching高手過招6. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.病從胃里發(fā)作而迅速殃及全身，患者很快就會死去。 ffect vt. 意為“影響；作用于” ，經(jīng)常表示某種變化，對象是人時

23、，可指思想或感情上的變化。affect, effect 與 influence affect 與 effect 均可表示“影響” ，其區(qū)別是：前者是動詞 (及物 )，主要指一時的影響，著重指影響的動作， 可指一般意義的影響 (不分好壞 )，也可指不良影響； 后者是名詞 (可數(shù)或不可數(shù) )，兩者的關(guān)系大致為： affect have an effect on。注意： effect 有時雖用作及物動詞，但不表示“影響”，而表示“實現(xiàn)”或“產(chǎn)生”等。influence表示“影響” ，主要指對行為、性格、觀點等產(chǎn)生間接的或潛移默化的影響?？捎米骷拔飫釉~或名詞(通常不可數(shù)，但有時可與不定冠詞連用)。【易

24、混辨析】完成句子We are interested in the weather because it _ _ _ /_ _ _ _ _(對我們有直接影響) what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.【答案】 affects us directly/has direct effects on us6. It seemed that the water was to blame.看來水是罪魁禍首。blame v. 責備，譴責；把歸咎于 blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 為某事責備某人He blamed you for

25、the neglect of duty.他責備你玩忽職守。 blame sth. on sb. 把某事歸咎于某人The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving.警察把那起交通事故歸咎于杰克的粗心駕駛。 be to blame (for) 應（為）承擔責任；該（為）受責備。注意：此處不能用被動語態(tài)。blame n. 埋怨，責備；責任take the blame for sth. 對某事負責任lay/put the blame on sb.把某事歸咎于某人單項填空We all feel it is Jack as w

26、ell as his wife _thatfor their sonA. are to blameB. is to the blamedC. are to be blamed s bad performance at school.D. is to blame【解析】選 D。句意為：我們覺得對于孩子在學校的不好表現(xiàn)，除了杰克的妻子外，杰克也有責任。 be to blame 是習慣表達方式，要用主動形式表示被動含義。.單詞拼寫1. This new e_ for the car works well.2. She has a strong c_.3. The farmers in this ar

27、ea had a good harvest last year thanks to the s_ farming.4. The doctor had my eyes e_ for weakening.5. He b_ me for my negligence( 疏忽大意 ).6. He finished his work in a _ ( 積極的 ) way.7. We must try to _ ( 分析 )the causes of the strike.8. He became _ (狂熱的 ) about classical music.9. He has _ (完成 )the who

28、le job already.10. Be_（謹慎）when you cross the street.【答案】 1. engine2. character3. scientific4. examined5. blamed6.positive7. analyse8. enthusiastic9. completed10. cautiousII. 用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空1. John Snow told the story about the_ (astonish) people in Broad Street.2. Don t drink _ (pollute) water, beca

29、use it carries the disease.3. Some of the people _ (invite) to the party couldn t come.4. There is a car _ (park) outside the house.5. We were _ (inspire) by the _ (inspire) news.6. Why are you looking so _ (disappoint)?7. Thousands of _ (terrify) people died.【答案】 1. astonished5. inspired ； inspirin

30、g2. polluted6. disappointed3. invited4. parked7. terrifiedIII.翻譯句子1. 不要在太陽下曬得太久，你會被曬傷的。(sunburn)2. 有組織的旅行就是由某人或某機構(gòu)組織的旅行。3. 到了那時他才意識到造成的損失有多大。4. 每當他遇到困難，他就會想起他的媽媽。（ every time ）5. 正在建造的那幢摩天大樓比去年建的那幢還要高。【答案】 1. Don t expose yourself to the sun for too long. You will get sunburned.2. An organized trip

31、is one organized by someone or some organization.3. Only then did he realize how much damage had been caused.4. He would think of his mother every time he met with difficulties.5. The skyscraper being built is still higher than the one built last year.Unit 2 The United Kindom重要詞匯拓展1. _ vt. 分配；分開 _ a

32、dj. 分離的 _n. 分離；分開2. _ n. 矛盾；沖突3. _ n. 描寫；描述_ vt. 描寫；描述4. _ v.組成；一致 _ n.一致性；連貫性 _adj. 一致的5. _ vt. 澄清；闡明 _ n. 清楚；明晰；清澈divide; divided; division 2. conflict 4. consist； consistence； consistent3. description; describe5. clarify ； clarity重要詞匯拓展6. _n.收集；收藏品 _vt.& vi. 收集；募集 _ adj. 集體的7. _ n.便利；方便 _ adj

33、.便利的；方便的8. _ vt. 使激動；使膽戰(zhàn)心驚 _adj.激動的 _ adj.令人興奮的9. _ n.快樂；高興；喜悅；vt.使快樂；使欣喜_ adj.高興的 _ adj.令人喜悅的10. _ vt. 吸引；引起注意 _ n.吸引 ; 吸引力；吸引人的事物 _ adj. 有吸引力的；誘人的11. _ adj.壯麗的；輝煌的；極好的12. _ n.塑像；雕像13. _ vt. 籌備；安排；整理_ n.籌備；安排；整理14. _ n.錯誤；謬誤；過失6. collection ； collect ； collective8. thrill ； thrilled ； thrilling10.

34、attract; attraction; attractive7. convenience； convenient9. delight ； delighted ；delightful11. splendid12. statue13. arrange； arrangement14. error1._ of由組成2._ .into把分成3. leave _遺漏；刪掉4._ down搗毀；（機器）出故障；分解；垮掉5._ to提及；參考6. for _為了方便7._ close to接近；幾乎8. take the _ of代替；取代9. break _ from掙脫（束縛）；脫離1. consis

35、t 2. divide3. out4. break5. refer6. convenience7. come8. place9. away重點短語梳理1.There is _ _ to debate any more why different words are used to describe the fourcountries.再也沒有什么必要爭論為什么要用不同的詞去描述這四個國家了。2. The three countries _ _ _ peacefully instead of by war.這三個國家發(fā)現(xiàn)自己并沒有通過戰(zhàn)爭就和平統(tǒng)一起來了。3. It seemed strange

36、 that the man who had developed communism _ _ _ and died inLondon.這似乎很奇怪：這位發(fā)展了共產(chǎn)主義的人竟然在倫敦生活過，并且在倫敦去世。no need2. found themselves united3. should have lived重點句型再現(xiàn)1. How many countries does the UK consist of?英國是由幾個國家（部分）組成的？consist of組成；構(gòu)成；由組成(后接 of，用于主動語態(tài))Our class consisted of fifty students at that

37、time.當時我們班有50 個學生?！韭?lián)想拓展】consist vi. 符合；并存；一致（與 with 連用）Theory should consist with practice.理論應與實踐相一致。在于，存在于（常與in 連用）The beauty of Venice consists in the style of its ancient building. 威尼斯的美在于其古建筑的風格?！疽谆毂嫖觥縞omprise, compose, constitute與make up這一組動詞都有“組成，包含”的意思，不過comprise 和constitute是及物動詞，要用主動形式；而comp

38、ose 和 make up 則需后跟of, 用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)中。Our company s product line comprises 2, 500 different items.我們公司的生產(chǎn)線是由2500 個不同的組成部分構(gòu)成的。Crime and illegal drugs constitute the citys major problems.犯罪和非法毒品買賣是這個城市面臨的主要問題。The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委員會主要由教師和學生家長組成。A car is made up of many di

39、fferent parts.汽車由很多不同的零部件組成。用適當?shù)慕樵~填空 The United Nations Organization consists _ over 160 nations. Our greatest happiness consists _ serving the people. Health doesn t consist _ smoking.【答案】 of in with2. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 如今，只要有人提起英格蘭，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)威爾士總是包括在內(nèi)的。re

40、fer to查閱 ;參考If you want to know his telephone number, you may refer to the telephone directory.如果你想知道他的電話號碼，你可以查電話簿。談到 ;提到The old soldier referred to his experiences during the Long March.老戰(zhàn)士談到了長征時的一些經(jīng)歷。適用于 ;涉及These books refer to Asian problems.這些書涉及亞洲問題。把提交給;把委托給I don t want to refer this patient

41、to an irresponsible doctor. 我不想把這個病人交給一個不負責的醫(yī)生。使向請教;使求助于I referred her to Tom for further information.我讓她到湯姆那兒去詢問詳情。把歸功于He referred his success to the good education he had had.他把他的成功歸功于他所受的良好教育。認為起源于The invention of the papermaking is referred to China.造紙術(shù)起源于中國。用括號內(nèi)所給短語的適當形式填空On Aids Day, the minis

42、ter of the Health Department demanded the problems_ _ _ (refer to) paid special attention to.【答案】 referred to (should) be3. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. 然而，愛爾蘭的南部卻不愿意組建聯(lián)合王國， 它分離出去并建立了自己的政府。 break away (from) 突然逃掉或離開 ;斷絕往來 ,脫離 ;改掉 (舊習慣

43、） break down(機器、車輛等 )壞了； (計劃、談判等)失??；(談話、通訊等 )中斷； (健康、精神等)變壞；垮掉break in突然進來，強行進入；插嘴，打岔break into強行進入 ;突然起來 ; 打斷，插嘴break off停止講話 ;暫停 ;休息 ;(使 )折斷break out(火災、戰(zhàn)爭等 )突然發(fā)生或爆發(fā)break through突破 ;克服 ;征服 ;強行穿過 /進入break up解散 ;驅(qū)散 ;(學校等 )放假 ;結(jié)束 ;破裂 ;絕交用適當?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空 Thieves broke _ the house when the couple were watch

44、ing TV.A quarrel broke_ between them.The soldiers broke_the enemy s defence works. The school has broken _ for the holidays. Dad would occasionally break _ with a suggestion. Tom broke _ the door of our classroom last week.高手過招intooutthroughupindown4. England is the largest of the four countries, an

45、d for convenience it is divided roughly into threezones. 在這四個國家中， 英格蘭是最大的。 為了方便起見， 它大致可以劃分為三個地區(qū)。 convenience n.適宜；便利；方便（不可數(shù)）convenience food 便利食品； convenience store 便利店便利的事物 / 設施 (可數(shù) )convenient adj. 方便的 (可用作定語和表語 ) 。作表語時，不可用人作主語，而要用事物或形式主語 it 作主語，其后常接介詞 for/to 或不定式。常用結(jié)構(gòu)： It is/was convenient for sb

46、. to do sth. 對某人來說方便； sth. be convenient to/for sb./sth. 對某人 /物來說是方便的。Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?你明天開始工作方便嗎?We must arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting.我們必須安排一個合適的時間和地點開會。單項填空Come and see me whenever _.A. you are convenientC. it is convenient to youB.you wil

47、l be convenientD.it will be convenient to you【解析】選 C。convenient 的主語不可以是人，排除 A 、 B 兩項。 whenever 引導的是時間狀語從句，其謂語動詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時，不可用一般將來時。高手過招.單詞拼寫1. The committee c_ of ten members.2. If you d_ 30 by 5, the answer is 6.3. Would you like to do a crossword p_?4. This building was c_ in the 1810s and it has a h

48、istory of about 200 years.5. They married last month but I didn t attend their w_.6. We should do all we can to improve the _ ( 關(guān)系 ) between our two countries.7. The position of the house combines quietness and _ ( 方便 ).8. The painting comes from his private _ ( 收藏 ).9. To our _ ( 高興 ), he passed th

49、e entrance examination.10. Can you _ ( 安排 ) for a car to collect them from the airport?【答案】 1. consists2. divide3. puzzle4. constructed5. wedding6. relations7. convenience8. collection9. delight10. arrangeII.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1. How many countries does the UK consist of?How many countries is _ _ the UK?2. For those you have to go to older but smaller towns first built by