DAY2-GB-M-03_流程能力分析

1、流程能力流程能力-1-Capability Study流程能力研究流程能力研究流程能力流程能力-2-DefineMeasureAnalyzeImproveControlStep 4- 確定項(xiàng)目確定項(xiàng)目Ys Step 5- 確認(rèn)確認(rèn)Y的現(xiàn)水準(zhǔn)的現(xiàn)水準(zhǔn)Step 6-發(fā)掘潛在的原因發(fā)掘潛在的原因 變量變量(X)q 基礎(chǔ)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)q Minitab簡介簡介q 測(cè)量系統(tǒng)分析測(cè)量系統(tǒng)分析q Y的表現(xiàn)水平的表現(xiàn)水平 及目標(biāo)及目標(biāo)q 確定改進(jìn)目標(biāo)確定改進(jìn)目標(biāo)流程能力流程能力-3-q 流程能力介紹流程能力介紹q 計(jì)數(shù)型流程能力計(jì)數(shù)型流程能力 q 計(jì)量型流程能力計(jì)量型流程能力 q 流程能力指數(shù)流程能力指數(shù)q

2、 短期短期/長期流程能力分析長期流程能力分析q 流程能力練習(xí)流程能力練習(xí) 流程能力流程能力-4-2308,537366,80746,210523363.4s sPPM流程能力流程能力每百萬機(jī)會(huì)的每百萬機(jī)會(huì)的缺陷數(shù)缺陷數(shù) 流程能力流程能力-5-當(dāng)我們繼續(xù)收集該流程的數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)當(dāng)我們繼續(xù)收集該流程的數(shù)據(jù)時(shí), ,我們會(huì)有如下疑問：我們會(huì)有如下疑問： “這個(gè)流程有能力不產(chǎn)生不良嗎這個(gè)流程有能力不產(chǎn)生不良嗎?”?”要求數(shù)據(jù)收集分析要求數(shù)據(jù)收集分析. . “ “流程能力研究流程能力研究” ”USLLSLq 流程在管理狀態(tài)時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的品質(zhì)變動(dòng)程度流程在管理狀態(tài)時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的品質(zhì)變動(dòng)程度流程

3、能力流程能力-6-q 研究流程的能力研究流程的能力 - 流程可以充分滿足目標(biāo)嗎流程可以充分滿足目標(biāo)嗎 ? ? - - 流程是處于可接受的散布水平嗎流程是處于可接受的散布水平嗎 ? ?q 使用可能的工具使用可能的工具 - 流程能力分析流程能力分析q 主要考慮事項(xiàng)主要考慮事項(xiàng) - 要求要求流程是在可控制狀態(tài)流程是在可控制狀態(tài). - 合理的子群合理的子群 (Rational Subgroup)q 最終結(jié)果物最終結(jié)果物 - -明確反映當(dāng)前明確反映當(dāng)前ProcessProcess的短期及長期流程能力的報(bào)告書的短期及長期流程能力的報(bào)告書流程能力流程能力-7-l額外的散布源于：額外的散布源于： -制造流程和

4、測(cè)量系統(tǒng)制造流程和測(cè)量系統(tǒng) -供給的材料散布供給的材料散布 -不合理的過窄的規(guī)格不合理的過窄的規(guī)格 ( (為了強(qiáng)化的設(shè)計(jì)，比顧客的要求更窄為了強(qiáng)化的設(shè)計(jì)，比顧客的要求更窄) )不適當(dāng)?shù)脑O(shè)計(jì)容限不適當(dāng)?shù)脑O(shè)計(jì)容限 不穩(wěn)定的部不穩(wěn)定的部件和材料件和材料 不充分的不充分的流程能力流程能力 流程能力流程能力-8-LSLUSL不良不良流程能力流程能力多少材料脫離了規(guī)格？多少材料脫離了規(guī)格？ 短期的短期的/ /長期的長期的? ?不適當(dāng)?shù)牟贿m當(dāng)?shù)脑O(shè)計(jì)容限設(shè)計(jì)容限不適當(dāng)?shù)牟贿m當(dāng)?shù)牧鞒棠芰α鞒棠芰?供應(yīng)材料供應(yīng)材料的散布的散布 不適當(dāng)?shù)牟贿m當(dāng)?shù)臏y(cè)量能力測(cè)量能力 流程能力流程能力-9-你的數(shù)據(jù)是你的數(shù)據(jù)是什么類型的

5、什么類型的計(jì)量型計(jì)量型記數(shù)型記數(shù)型從流程里從流程里收集數(shù)據(jù)收集數(shù)據(jù)從流程里從流程里收集數(shù)據(jù)收集數(shù)據(jù)用用 MinitabMinitab分析數(shù)據(jù)分析數(shù)據(jù)用用 ExcelExcel 分析數(shù)據(jù)分析數(shù)據(jù)流程能力表述流程能力表述DPU, PPMCp, Cpk, Pp, Ppk流程能力表述流程能力表述DPU, PPM流程能力流程能力-10-“缺陷缺陷”(x(x44) ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 錯(cuò)誤數(shù)錯(cuò)誤數(shù)“缺陷缺陷”( (x 130 Min)x 130 Min)“無缺陷無缺陷”( (x 130 Min)x 130 Min) 15 110 115 120 125 130 13

6、5 140 15 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 裝配時(shí)間裝配時(shí)間 ( (Min)Min) “無缺陷無缺陷”(x(x33) )顧客的要求顧客的要求顧客的要求顧客的要求記數(shù)型記數(shù)型計(jì)量型計(jì)量型流程能力流程能力-11-尋找計(jì)量型數(shù)據(jù)尋找計(jì)量型數(shù)據(jù)太難了！太難了！流程能力流程能力-12-生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品總數(shù)缺陷總數(shù)=DPU 000,000, 1 / =DPMOx單位產(chǎn)品機(jī)會(huì)單位產(chǎn)品缺陷數(shù)流程能力流程能力-13- 4.67 4.67 SigmaSigma清潔器個(gè)缺陷/3=DPUppmx750000,000, 1/ 4000DPU 3=DPMO冰箱機(jī)會(huì)流程能力流程能力-14-記數(shù)型記數(shù)

7、型 Sigma 計(jì)算器計(jì)算器研究的對(duì)象:清潔器產(chǎn)品數(shù)10缺陷機(jī)會(huì) / 單位產(chǎn)品10缺陷數(shù)4DPU0.4DPMO40000SIGMA (包括移動(dòng))3.25流程能力流程能力-15-l#1 #1 不良的洗衣機(jī)不良的洗衣機(jī)-工廠剛生產(chǎn)完一批共工廠剛生產(chǎn)完一批共4040,000,000臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)臺(tái)洗衣機(jī), ,其中發(fā)現(xiàn)其中發(fā)現(xiàn)100100臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)有缺臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)有缺陷。陷。 l#2 #2 不良性批號(hào)不良性批號(hào) 在在3 3月份月份, ,有有12,41212,412臺(tái)臺(tái)A A型電機(jī)被組裝到干燥機(jī)中型電機(jī)被組裝到干燥機(jī)中, ,每臺(tái)電機(jī)每臺(tái)電機(jī)有有3 3個(gè)被正確制造的機(jī)會(huì)個(gè)被正確制造的機(jī)會(huì)( (分別是功率、振動(dòng)和總重分

8、別是功率、振動(dòng)和總重) )。在在本月中，發(fā)現(xiàn)了本月中，發(fā)現(xiàn)了200200個(gè)不良發(fā)生。個(gè)不良發(fā)生。 l#3 #3 不良性批量不良性批量-工廠剛生產(chǎn)出一批共工廠剛生產(chǎn)出一批共400400臺(tái)冰箱（每臺(tái)冰箱有臺(tái)冰箱（每臺(tái)冰箱有134134個(gè)部件）。在生個(gè)部件）。在生產(chǎn)中，發(fā)現(xiàn)了產(chǎn)中，發(fā)現(xiàn)了12,31212,312個(gè)不良（錯(cuò)組裝或損壞）部件。個(gè)不良（錯(cuò)組裝或損壞）部件。 DPU, DPMO, 和和 Sigma 是多少是多少?流程能力流程能力-16-l#1 #1 有缺陷的購買定單有缺陷的購買定單 -在在3 3月中月中, ,共有共有764764份購買定單交付份購買定單交付, ,其中其中321321份有缺陷。

9、份有缺陷。 l#2 #2 遲到的出貨遲到的出貨-在在20002000年年, ,共出貨共出貨42,100 42,100 批更換部件批更換部件, ,其中有其中有4,1004,100批晚到批晚到l#3 #3 不正確購買單據(jù)不正確購買單據(jù)-在在3 3月份月份, ,交付了交付了764764份購買單據(jù)份購買單據(jù), ,每份單據(jù)要填每份單據(jù)要填8 8處信息處信息, ,共發(fā)共發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)12341234處不正確信息。處不正確信息。 流程能力流程能力-17-計(jì)量型數(shù)據(jù)等于計(jì)量型數(shù)據(jù)等于.力量力量!流程能力流程能力-18-l一般形式一般形式: :l這個(gè)變換產(chǎn)生的值來自一個(gè)平均值這個(gè)變換產(chǎn)生的值來自一個(gè)平均值=0 =0 和

10、和= 1= 1的分布的分布 。這個(gè)值以標(biāo)這個(gè)值以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差為單位顯示了原來的數(shù)值離平均值有多遠(yuǎn)。準(zhǔn)偏差為單位顯示了原來的數(shù)值離平均值有多遠(yuǎn)。 -例如例如, , 如果如果 Z = 2, Z = 2, 說明問題中的數(shù)值偏離平均值說明問題中的數(shù)值偏離平均值2 2個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差 l用這種方法，我們能在那個(gè)產(chǎn)品的輸出平均值和用這種方法，我們能在那個(gè)產(chǎn)品的輸出平均值和的基礎(chǔ)上計(jì)算產(chǎn)品的基礎(chǔ)上計(jì)算產(chǎn)品脫離規(guī)格的比例脫離規(guī)格的比例。s s)x-(x=Z流程能力流程能力-19-l為了估計(jì)流程的良品率為了估計(jì)流程的良品率, ,我們用規(guī)格下限我們用規(guī)格下限( (LSL)LSL)和規(guī)格和規(guī)格上限上限( (USL)

11、USL)替代替代x x s)x-(SL=ZZ =(x-x)s這個(gè)結(jié)果將告訴我們流程的平均值以這個(gè)結(jié)果將告訴我們流程的平均值以sigmasigma為單位離規(guī)格限有多遠(yuǎn)為單位離規(guī)格限有多遠(yuǎn) 流程能力流程能力-20-Avg平均平均 = 50標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差 = 10流程能力流程能力-21-SL -z = s s2.5s-s-= s s=2.5-s-s-s-s-s-sssssss-s-s-s-s-s-sssssss流程能力流程能力-22-s-s-s-s-sssssss-s-s-s-s-sssssss我們從我們從Z表獲得尾表獲得尾部的面積部的面積.或者或者我們可以使用我們可以使用Minitab!流程能力

12、流程能力-23-s-s-s-s-sssssssZ Table - Tail Area Probability0.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.00.500000.496010.492020.488030.484050.480060.476080.472100.468120.464140.10.460170.456200.452240.448280.444330.440380.436440.432510.428580.424650.20.420740.416830.412940.409050.405170.401290.397430.393580

13、.389740.385910.30.382090.378280.374480.370700.366930.363170.359420.355690.351970.348270.40.344580.340900.337240.333600.329970.326360.322760.319180.315610.312070.50.308540.305030.301530.298060.294600.291160.287740.284340.280960.277600.60.274250.270930.267630.264350.261090.257850.254630.251430.248250.

14、245100.70.241960.238850.235760.232700.229650.226630.223630.220650.217700.214760.80.211860.208970.206110.203270.200450.197660.194890.192150.189430.186730.90.184060.181410.178790.176190.173610.171060.168530.166020.163540.161091.00.158660.156250.153860.151510.149170.146860.144570.142310.140070.137861.1

15、0.135670.133500.131360.129240.127140.125070.123020.121000.119000.117021.20.115070.113140.111230.109350.107490.105650.103830.102040.100270.098531.30.096800.095100.093420.091760.090120.088510.086920.085340.083790.082261.40.080760.079270.077800.076360.074930.073530.072150.070780.069440.068111.50.066810

16、.065520.064260.063010.061780.060570.059380.058210.057050.055921.60.054800.053700.052620.051550.050500.049470.048460.047460.046480.045511.70.044570.043630.042720.041820.040930.040060.039200.038360.037540.036731.80.035930.035150.034380.033620.032880.032160.031440.030740.030050.029381.90.028720.028070.

17、027430.026800.026190.025590.025000.024420.023850.023302.00.022750.022220.021690.021180.020680.020180.019700.019230.018760.018312.10.017860.017430.017000.016590.016180.015780.015390.015000.014630.014262.20.013900.013550.013210.012870.012550.012220.011910.011600.011300.011012.30.010720.010440.010170.0

18、09900.009640.009390.009140.008890.008660.008422.40.008200.007980.007760.007550.007340.007140.006950.006760.006570.006392.50.006210.006040.005870.005700.005540.005390.005230.005080.004940.004802.60.004660.004530.004400.004270.004150.004020.003910.003790.003680.003572.70.003470.003360.003260.003170.00

19、3070.002980.002890.002800.002720.002642.80.002560.002480.002400.002330.002260.002190.002120.002050.001990.001932.90.001870.001810.001750.001690.001640.001590.001540.001490.001440.001393.00.001350.001310.001260.001220.001180.001140.001110.001070.001040.001003.10.000970.000940.000900.000870.000840.000

20、820.000790.000760.000740.000713.20.000690.000660.000640.000620.000600.000580.000560.000540.000520.000503.30.000480.000470.000450.000430.000420.000400.000390.000380.000360.000353.40.000340.000320.000310.000300.000290.000280.000270.000260.000250.000243.50.000230.000220.000220.000210.000200.000190.0001

21、90.000180.000170.000173.60.000160.000150.000150.000140.000140.000130.000130.000120.000120.000113.70.000110.000109.964E-059.577E-059.204E-058.844E-058.498E-058.165E-057.844E-057.535E-053.87.237E-056.951E-056.675E-056.409E-056.154E-055.908E-055.671E-055.444E-055.225E-055.014E-053.94.812E-054.617E-054.

22、429E-054.249E-054.076E-053.909E-053.749E-053.595E-053.447E-053.305E-054.03.169E-053.037E-052.911E-052.790E-052.674E-052.562E-052.455E-052.352E-052.253E-052.158E-054.12.067E-051.979E-051.895E-051.815E-051.738E-051.663E-051.592E-051.524E-051.458E-051.396E-054.21.335E-051.278E-051.222E-051.169E-051.118

23、E-051.070E-051.023E-059.780E-069.351E-068.940E-064.38.546E-068.169E-067.807E-067.461E-067.130E-066.812E-066.508E-066.217E-065.939E-065.672E-064.45.417E-065.173E-064.939E-064.716E-064.502E-064.297E-064.102E-063.914E-063.736E-063.564E-064.53.401E-063.244E-063.095E-062.952E-062.815E-062.685E-062.560E-0

24、62.441E-062.327E-062.218E-064.62.115E-062.015E-061.921E-061.830E-061.744E-061.661E-061.583E-061.508E-061.436E-061.368E-064.71.302E-061.240E-061.181E-061.124E-061.070E-061.018E-069.692E-079.223E-078.776E-078.350E-074.87.944E-077.556E-077.187E-076.836E-076.501E-076.181E-075.877E-075.588E-075.312E-075.

25、049E-074.94.799E-074.560E-074.334E-074.118E-073.912E-073.716E-073.530E-073.353E-073.184E-073.024E-075.02.871E-072.726E-072.588E-072.456E-072.331E-072.213E-072.100E-071.992E-071.890E-071.793E-075.11.701E-071.614E-071.530E-071.451E-071.376E-071.305E-071.237E-071.173E-071.112E-071.053E-075.29.983E-089.

26、460E-088.964E-088.492E-088.045E-087.620E-087.217E-086.835E-086.472E-086.128E-085.35.802E-085.493E-085.199E-084.921E-084.657E-084.407E-084.170E-083.946E-083.733E-083.531E-085.43.340E-083.158E-082.987E-082.824E-082.670E-082.524E-082.386E-082.256E-082.132E-082.015E-085.51.904E-081.799E-081.699E-081.605

27、E-081.516E-081.432E-081.352E-081.277E-081.206E-081.138E-085.61.075E-081.014E-089.574E-099.035E-098.526E-098.045E-097.590E-097.160E-096.754E-096.370E-09Z Table - Tail Area Probability0.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.00.500000.496010.492020.488030.484050.480060.476080.472100.468120.464140.10.

28、460170.456200.452240.448280.444330.440380.436440.432510.428580.424650.20.420740.416830.412940.409050.405170.401290.397430.393580.389740.385910.30.382090.378280.374480.370700.366930.363170.359420.355690.351970.348270.40.344580.340900.337240.333600.329970.326360.322760.319180.315610.312070.50.308540.3

29、05030.301530.298060.294600.291160.287740.284340.280960.277600.60.274250.270930.267630.264350.261090.257850.254630.251430.248250.245100.70.241960.238850.235760.232700.229650.226630.223630.220650.217700.214760.80.211860.208970.206110.203270.200450.197660.194890.192150.189430.186730.90.184060.181410.17

30、8790.176190.173610.171060.168530.166020.163540.161091.00.158660.156250.153860.151510.149170.146860.144570.142310.140070.137861.10.135670.133500.131360.129240.127140.125070.123020.121000.119000.117021.20.115070.113140.111230.109350.107490.105650.103830.102040.100270.098531.30.096800.095100.093420.091

31、760.090120.088510.086920.085340.083790.082261.40.080760.079270.077800.076360.074930.073530.072150.070780.069440.068111.50.066810.065520.064260.063010.061780.060570.059380.058210.057050.055921.60.054800.053700.052620.051550.050500.049470.048460.047460.046480.045511.70.044570.043630.042720.041820.0409

32、30.040060.039200.038360.037540.036731.80.035930.035150.034380.033620.032880.032160.031440.030740.030050.029381.90.028720.028070.027430.026800.026190.025590.025000.024420.023850.023302.00.022750.022220.021690.021180.020680.020180.019700.019230.018760.018312.10.017860.017430.017000.016590.016180.01578

33、0.015390.015000.014630.014262.20.013900.013550.013210.012870.012550.012220.011910.011600.011300.011012.30.010720.010440.010170.009900.009640.009390.009140.008890.008660.008422.40.008200.007980.007760.007550.007340.007140.006950.006760.006570.006392.50.006210.006040.005870.005700.005540.005390.005230

34、.005080.004940.004802.60.004660.004530.004400.004270.004150.004020.003910.003790.003680.003572.70.003470.003360.003260.003170.003070.002980.002890.002800.002720.002642.80.002560.002480.002400.002330.002260.002190.002120.002050.001990.001932.90.001870.001810.001750.001690.001640.001590.001540.001490.

35、001440.001393.00.001350.001310.001260.001220.001180.001140.001110.001070.001040.001003.10.000970.000940.000900.000870.000840.000820.000790.000760.000740.000713.20.000690.000660.000640.000620.000600.000580.000560.000540.000520.000503.30.000480.000470.000450.000430.000420.000400.000390.000380.000360.0

36、00353.40.000340.000320.000310.000300.000290.000280.000270.000260.000250.000243.50.000230.000220.000220.000210.000200.000190.000190.000180.000170.000173.60.000160.000150.000150.000140.000140.000130.000130.000120.000120.000113.70.000110.000109.964E-059.577E-059.204E-058.844E-058.498E-058.165E-057.844E

37、-057.535E-053.87.237E-056.951E-056.675E-056.409E-056.154E-055.908E-055.671E-055.444E-055.225E-055.014E-053.94.812E-054.617E-054.429E-054.249E-054.076E-053.909E-053.749E-053.595E-053.447E-053.305E-054.03.169E-053.037E-052.911E-052.790E-052.674E-052.562E-052.455E-052.352E-052.253E-052.158E-054.12.067E

38、-051.979E-051.895E-051.815E-051.738E-051.663E-051.592E-051.524E-051.458E-051.396E-054.21.335E-051.278E-051.222E-051.169E-051.118E-051.070E-051.023E-059.780E-069.351E-068.940E-064.38.546E-068.169E-067.807E-067.461E-067.130E-066.812E-066.508E-066.217E-065.939E-065.672E-064.45.417E-065.173E-064.939E-06

39、4.716E-064.502E-064.297E-064.102E-063.914E-063.736E-063.564E-064.53.401E-063.244E-063.095E-062.952E-062.815E-062.685E-062.560E-062.441E-062.327E-062.218E-064.62.115E-062.015E-061.921E-061.830E-061.744E-061.661E-061.583E-061.508E-061.436E-061.368E-064.71.302E-061.240E-061.181E-061.124E-061.070E-061.0

40、18E-069.692E-079.223E-078.776E-078.350E-074.87.944E-077.556E-077.187E-076.836E-076.501E-076.181E-075.877E-075.588E-075.312E-075.049E-074.94.799E-074.560E-074.334E-074.118E-073.912E-073.716E-073.530E-073.353E-073.184E-073.024E-075.02.871E-072.726E-072.588E-072.456E-072.331E-072.213E-072.100E-071.992E

41、-071.890E-071.793E-075.11.701E-071.614E-071.530E-071.451E-071.376E-071.305E-071.237E-071.173E-071.112E-071.053E-075.29.983E-089.460E-088.964E-088.492E-088.045E-087.620E-087.217E-086.835E-086.472E-086.128E-085.35.802E-085.493E-085.199E-084.921E-084.657E-084.407E-084.170E-083.946E-083.733E-083.531E-08

42、5.43.340E-083.158E-082.987E-082.824E-082.670E-082.524E-082.386E-082.256E-082.132E-082.015E-085.51.904E-081.799E-081.699E-081.605E-081.516E-081.432E-081.352E-081.277E-081.206E-081.138E-085.61.075E-081.014E-089.574E-099.035E-098.526E-098.045E-097.590E-097.160E-096.754E-096.370E-09.00621or 6210 ppm-s-s

43、-s-s-sssssss-s-s-s-s-sssssss流程能力流程能力-24-l用用Minitab,Minitab,到到 然后點(diǎn)然后點(diǎn) l把把Z-Z-值填入值填入輸入常量輸入常量 選項(xiàng)選項(xiàng), ,然后然后 Minitab Minitab 會(huì)算出概率。會(huì)算出概率。流程能力流程能力-25-1 - .9938 = .0062或 6200 ppm-s-s-s-s-sssssss-s-s-s-s-sssssss累積分布函數(shù)累積分布函數(shù) 正態(tài)分布，平均值正態(tài)分布，平均值 = 0 和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 = 1 x P( X = x ) 2.5 0.993790流程能力流程能力-26-如果某個(gè)流程的規(guī)格限是如果某

44、個(gè)流程的規(guī)格限是1.030，流程的平均值是流程的平均值是0.995，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差是0.010，尾部面積將是多少？尾部面積將是多少？SL -z = s s1.030- .995= = 3.5 0.010流程能力流程能力-27-s-s-s-s-sssssssZ Table - Tail Area Probability0.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.00.500000.496010.492020.488030.484050.480060.476080.472100.468120.464140.10.460170.456200.452240.

45、448280.444330.440380.436440.432510.428580.424650.20.420740.416830.412940.409050.405170.401290.397430.393580.389740.385910.30.382090.378280.374480.370700.366930.363170.359420.355690.351970.348270.40.344580.340900.337240.333600.329970.326360.322760.319180.315610.312070.50.308540.305030.301530.298060.2

46、94600.291160.287740.284340.280960.277600.60.274250.270930.267630.264350.261090.257850.254630.251430.248250.245100.70.241960.238850.235760.232700.229650.226630.223630.220650.217700.214760.80.211860.208970.206110.203270.200450.197660.194890.192150.189430.186730.90.184060.181410.178790.176190.173610.17

47、1060.168530.166020.163540.161091.00.158660.156250.153860.151510.149170.146860.144570.142310.140070.137861.10.135670.133500.131360.129240.127140.125070.123020.121000.119000.117021.20.115070.113140.111230.109350.107490.105650.103830.102040.100270.098531.30.096800.095100.093420.091760.090120.088510.086

48、920.085340.083790.082261.40.080760.079270.077800.076360.074930.073530.072150.070780.069440.068111.50.066810.065520.064260.063010.061780.060570.059380.058210.057050.055921.60.054800.053700.052620.051550.050500.049470.048460.047460.046480.045511.70.044570.043630.042720.041820.040930.040060.039200.0383

49、60.037540.036731.80.035930.035150.034380.033620.032880.032160.031440.030740.030050.029381.90.028720.028070.027430.026800.026190.025590.025000.024420.023850.023302.00.022750.022220.021690.021180.020680.020180.019700.019230.018760.018312.10.017860.017430.017000.016590.016180.015780.015390.015000.01463

50、0.014262.20.013900.013550.013210.012870.012550.012220.011910.011600.011300.011012.30.010720.010440.010170.009900.009640.009390.009140.008890.008660.008422.40.008200.007980.007760.007550.007340.007140.006950.006760.006570.006392.50.006210.006040.005870.005700.005540.005390.005230.005080.004940.004802

51、.60.004660.004530.004400.004270.004150.004020.003910.003790.003680.003572.70.003470.003360.003260.003170.003070.002980.002890.002800.002720.002642.80.002560.002480.002400.002330.002260.002190.002120.002050.001990.001932.90.001870.001810.001750.001690.001640.001590.001540.001490.001440.001393.00.0013

52、50.001310.001260.001220.001180.001140.001110.001070.001040.001003.10.000970.000940.000900.000870.000840.000820.000790.000760.000740.000713.20.000690.000660.000640.000620.000600.000580.000560.000540.000520.000503.30.000480.000470.000450.000430.000420.000400.000390.000380.000360.000353.40.000340.00032

53、0.000310.000300.000290.000280.000270.000260.000250.000243.50.000230.000220.000220.000210.000200.000190.000190.000180.000170.000173.60.000160.000150.000150.000140.000140.000130.000130.000120.000120.000113.70.000110.000109.964E-059.577E-059.204E-058.844E-058.498E-058.165E-057.844E-057.535E-053.87.237E

54、-056.951E-056.675E-056.409E-056.154E-055.908E-055.671E-055.444E-055.225E-055.014E-053.94.812E-054.617E-054.429E-054.249E-054.076E-053.909E-053.749E-053.595E-053.447E-053.305E-054.03.169E-053.037E-052.911E-052.790E-052.674E-052.562E-052.455E-052.352E-052.253E-052.158E-054.12.067E-051.979E-051.895E-05

55、1.815E-051.738E-051.663E-051.592E-051.524E-051.458E-051.396E-054.21.335E-051.278E-051.222E-051.169E-051.118E-051.070E-051.023E-059.780E-069.351E-068.940E-064.38.546E-068.169E-067.807E-067.461E-067.130E-066.812E-066.508E-066.217E-065.939E-065.672E-064.45.417E-065.173E-064.939E-064.716E-064.502E-064.2

56、97E-064.102E-063.914E-063.736E-063.564E-064.53.401E-063.244E-063.095E-062.952E-062.815E-062.685E-062.560E-062.441E-062.327E-062.218E-064.62.115E-062.015E-061.921E-061.830E-061.744E-061.661E-061.583E-061.508E-061.436E-061.368E-064.71.302E-061.240E-061.181E-061.124E-061.070E-061.018E-069.692E-079.223E

57、-078.776E-078.350E-074.87.944E-077.556E-077.187E-076.836E-076.501E-076.181E-075.877E-075.588E-075.312E-075.049E-074.94.799E-074.560E-074.334E-074.118E-073.912E-073.716E-073.530E-073.353E-073.184E-073.024E-075.02.871E-072.726E-072.588E-072.456E-072.331E-072.213E-072.100E-071.992E-071.890E-071.793E-07

58、5.11.701E-071.614E-071.530E-071.451E-071.376E-071.305E-071.237E-071.173E-071.112E-071.053E-075.29.983E-089.460E-088.964E-088.492E-088.045E-087.620E-087.217E-086.835E-086.472E-086.128E-085.35.802E-085.493E-085.199E-084.921E-084.657E-084.407E-084.170E-083.946E-083.733E-083.531E-085.43.340E-083.158E-08

59、2.987E-082.824E-082.670E-082.524E-082.386E-082.256E-082.132E-082.015E-085.51.904E-081.799E-081.699E-081.605E-081.516E-081.432E-081.352E-081.277E-081.206E-081.138E-085.61.075E-081.014E-089.574E-099.035E-098.526E-098.045E-097.590E-097.160E-096.754E-096.370E-09Z Table - Tail Area Probability0.000.010.0

60、20.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.00.500000.496010.492020.488030.484050.480060.476080.472100.468120.464140.10.460170.456200.452240.448280.444330.440380.436440.432510.428580.424650.20.420740.416830.412940.409050.405170.401290.397430.393580.389740.385910.30.382090.378280.374480.370700.366930.363170.35942