2019年北京市中考英語(yǔ)試題(含解析)

1、英語(yǔ)試卷姓名準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)考場(chǎng)號(hào)座位號(hào)考生須知1.本試卷共10 頁(yè)，共五道大題，39 道小題，滿(mǎn)分60 分，考試時(shí)問(wèn)90 分鐘。2.在試卷和草稿紙上準(zhǔn)確填寫(xiě)姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)和座位號(hào)。3.試題答案一律填涂或書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。4.在答題卡上，選擇題用2b 鉛筆作答，其他試題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答。5.考試結(jié)束，請(qǐng)將本試卷、答題卡和草稿紙一并交回。知識(shí)運(yùn)用 (共 1 4 分) 一、單項(xiàng)填空(共 6 分，每小題0.5 分) 從下面各題所給的a、b、c、d 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。答案： 15 bcadc 1. mr. wang is coming to our scho

2、ol. i can t wait to see .a. her b. himc. it d. them 解析： mr. wang 表示“王先生” ，指男性，故用him 。2. we planted some flowersthe garden yesterday. a. on b. to c. ind. of 解析：指在花園里，介詞用in。3. excuse me, is this t-shirt? it s 88 yuan.a. how muchb. how many c. how long d. how old 解析： ：由答句可知， 問(wèn)句問(wèn)的是價(jià)錢(qián)，故用 how much 。how ma

3、ny 詢(xún)問(wèn)數(shù)量， 修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；how long 詢(xún)問(wèn)長(zhǎng)度； how old 詢(xún)問(wèn)年齡。4. lily, _ you finish the letter in ten minutes? yes, i can. a. must b. should c. need d. can解析：由答句中的“i can ”可知，此處是問(wèn)你能在10 分鐘之內(nèi)完成這封信嗎，故用can。5. this cap is nice,it doesn t look good on me.a. for b. so c. butd. or 解析：句意：這個(gè)帽子很漂亮，但我戴著它不好看?？崭袂昂髢?nèi)容之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but

4、 。答案： 610 badda 6. julie takes good care of the family dog. she is than her brother. a.patient b.more patientc.most patient d.the most patient 解析：由句子中的“than her brother”可推知，此處要用patient 比較級(jí)。7. samwith his friends every weekend. a. skates b. is skating c. has skated d. was skating 解析：由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“every weeke

5、nd ”可推知，句子要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。8. tom, what s your dad doing? he my bike. a. repairs b. willrepair c. has repaired d. is repairing解析：?jiǎn)柧渚湟猓簻?，你爸爸正在做什么？由?wèn)句可知，答句要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。9. our school life a lot since 2017. we have more activities now. a. changes b. changed c. willchange d. haschanged解析：由句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“since 2017”可推知，句子要用

6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。10. if you want to visit the palace museum, itickets for you tomorrow. a. will bookb. booked c. have booked d. was booking 解析：在if 引導(dǎo)的條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。答案： 1112 cb 11. my advice on how to save paperby my class last monday. a. accepts b. accepted c. was acceptedd. is accepted 解析：由句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“l(fā)

7、ast monday ”可推知，句子要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。12. did you noticein her office? yes. she was going over our writing. a. what was miss lin doing b. what miss lin was doingc. what does miss lin do d. what miss lin does 解析：由答句可推知，問(wèn)句要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；又由空格處的內(nèi)容在句子中作notice 的賓語(yǔ)，如果賓語(yǔ)時(shí)句子，則要用陳序語(yǔ)序，故選b。二、完形填空(共 8 分，每小題1 分) 閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文

8、后各題所給的a、 b、c、d 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。run for class president two months ago, when our class election( 選舉 ) started, i decided to run for class president. i enjoyed speaking in publicand got along well with people, so i felt it easy to win. but i was 13 that people would feel bad for me if i lost. i was busy

9、preparing in the following week. my plan wasn tto make promises to do things i couldnt14 but to show myclass why i wanted to be president. i put up my posters in hallways and in theclassroom. i also spent three hours writing my speech, saying that i was the onethey could turn to whenever they had a

10、problem. since i was 15 prepared, ifelt that my chances ofwinning were strong. however, when i gave my speech on election day, the response( 反應(yīng) ) wasn twhat i had _16 . few people actually listened. when it was my opponent s(對(duì)手的 )turn, everyone was screaming his name. his speech was short, but all t

11、o the point.by then, i realized i should have made mine shorter and clearer. it was obvious who would 17 . for the rest of the day, i felt like it wasover. i wanted to just go home and cry, but i made it through. my 18 was right: i didn t win.the next day, people were still talking about the electio

12、n. i just pretended(假裝 ) not to hear. but later, things got better. people 19 about the election andtalked to me just as they did before. i don t regret putting time and energy into the election because i ve learnedthat things aren t always going the way i expect. and moments of failure like thisbui

13、ld 20 since then i ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger. 答案： 1315 bca 13. a. bored b. afraidc. excited d. hopeful解析：結(jié)合語(yǔ)境及短文倒數(shù)第二段可推知，此處指 “我”害怕選舉失敗后，人們對(duì)我的感覺(jué)會(huì)不好。14. a. compare b. remember c. managed. repeat 解析：結(jié)合空格前后的內(nèi)容可推知，此處指“我”不會(huì)去承諾我不能完成的事。compare 意為“比較” ，remember 意為“記住”，manage 意為“完成（

14、困難的事） ；勉力完成”，repeat 意為“重復(fù)” 。15. a. fully b. quickly c. freshly d. physically 解析：結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可推知，“我”為這次選舉做了充分的準(zhǔn)備。fully 意為“充分地” ，quickly 意為“訊速地” ，freshly 意為“剛剛；新近” ，physically 意為“身體上” 。答案： 1620 ddbac 16. a. feared b. faced c. mentioned d. pictured解析：結(jié)合第二段“我”的準(zhǔn)備以及下文人們對(duì)“我”和“我”的對(duì)手演講的不同表現(xiàn)可推知，（人們）的反應(yīng)并不是我曾經(jīng)想象的那樣。

15、fear 意為“害怕”，face 意為“面對(duì)”，mention 意為“提到”，picture 意為“想象；設(shè)想” 。17. a. insist b. return c. wait d. win解析：結(jié)合第三段人們對(duì) “我”和 “我”的對(duì)手演講的不同表現(xiàn)以及下文中的“i wanted to just go home and cry, but i made it through.”可推知，此處指誰(shuí)將會(huì)贏（得選舉）是很明顯的。18. a. suggestion b. predictionc. direction d. introduction 解析： 結(jié)合第四段內(nèi)容以及下文“i didn t win

16、 ”可推知， 此處指 “我” 的預(yù)測(cè)是正確的，我沒(méi)有贏。suggestion 意為“建議”， prediction意為“預(yù)測(cè)”，direction 意為“方向”，introduction意為“介紹”。19. a. forgotb. wrote c. cared d. discussed 解析：結(jié)合下文“talked to me just as they did before”可推知，此處指人們似乎已經(jīng)忘記了選舉的事兒了。20. a. trust b. pride c. characterd. support 解析：結(jié)合下文“since then ive learned to face disa

17、ppointment and grown stronger ”可推知，此處指像這樣的失敗時(shí)刻培養(yǎng)了我的性格。trust 意為“信任” ，pride 意為“驕傲”，character 意為“性格” ， support 意為“支持” 。閱讀理解 (共 36 分) 三、閱讀下列短文， 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容， 從短文后各題所給的a、b、c、d 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中， 選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。(共 26 分，每小題2分 ) a experiencing china mike, canada i spent three months with my host family( 接待家庭 ) in china. it was a lif

18、etime experience. i was able to experience chinese living and culture, from basic taichi to beijing opera. i even visited a famous traditional chinese medicinehospital. now i have a better understanding of chinese culture. joanna, australia i stayed with my host family for five months. my host mothe

19、r is a chineseteacher and she is really warm-hearted. with her help, my chinese hasimproved a lot. and i have got used to a new culture. my favorite part of theexperience was sharing my feelings in china with her. bill, america my host mother is a wonderful cook! she makes me all kinds of traditiona

20、lchinese dishes. they are tasty and i like them very much. just like me, my hostparents love to learn about different cultures. they often ask me questions aboutlife in america. cindy, germany recently i took part in a program to study chinese. i lived with a host family inchina for six months. my h

21、ost sister is a really hardworking student. it wasamazing to see how she made progress in english. and a close relationship hasdeveloped between us. 答案： 2123 acd 21. who visited a traditional chinese medicine hospital? a. mike.b. joanna. c. bill. d. cindy. 解析：由“ mike, canada ”部分的第四句可知答案。22.how long

22、did joanna stay with her host family in china? a. three months. b. four months. c. five months. d. six months. 解析：由“ joanna, australia”部分的第一句可知答案。23. cindy thinks her host sisters. a. a wonderful cook b. a responsible doctor c. a warm-hearted teacher d. a hardworking student 解析：由“ cindy, germany ”部分

23、的第三句可知答案。b blue lightning sally loved cars more than anything else. this springshe thought of building a go-kart to enter for the go-gorace. so she asked her dad for help. “ well, ” he said. “ how about this: you do someresearch first and then come back to me with a design.”a week later, sally broug

24、ht her notes and drawings to dad. she named hergo- kart “ blue lightning” . dad looked over her work, thinking. “ well, that sinteresting,” he said. “ have a try. just build blue lightning as you ve designed.”over three weekends of hard work, sally turned her design into a real,working go-kart and p

25、ainted it light blue. dad asked her to take it for a test drive.sally agreed. after she did that, sally drove back to dad. “ well, ” she said. “ now i knowwhy you wanted me to have a test drive.”“ oh, do you?” he said. “ please share.”“ when i drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,” she said. “ i

26、think it s because of the lightning bolt (閃電 ) shape. ”“ very good!” dad said.“ so, why didn t you tell me about that problem in the first place?” sallyasked.dad laughed. “ where s the fun in that? if you give a man a fish, he ll eat for a day. but if you teach a man to fish, he ll eat for a lifetim

27、e.”sally said, “ i see. anyway, designing is half the fun !”dad smiled. “ good. sometimes, learning happens during the process. welearn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakesalong the way.”that encouraged sally and she worked even harder. when she showed dadher n

28、ew go-kart, he nodded with pride. finally came the race. sally wasn t worried about whether she would wininher mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before. 答案： 2426 bad 24. sally thought of building a go-kart to. a. practice driving b. enter for a race c. play with frien

29、ds d. do some research 解析：由第一段第二句可知答案。25. what did sally s dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart? a. to have a test drive. b. to take a good rest. c. to give it a cool name. d. to paint it light blue. 解析：由第四段的第一、二句可知答案。26. sally s story mainly tells us that .a. winning a race is important b.

30、 fishing brings us a lot of fun c. driving experience is necessary d. learning happens during the process 解析：通讀全文可推知，sally 在制作 go-kart 的過(guò)程中學(xué)到了很多東西，故選d。c sometimes it seems that time is flying. perhaps it doesn t need to feel this way.our experience of time can be possibly changed. by understanding t

31、he psychological( 心理學(xué)的 ) processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little. one basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we re exposed(接觸 ) to new environments and experiences. the law is caused by the relationship between our

32、 experience of time and the amount of information ourminds process. the more information our minds take in, the slower time seems topass. it follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in differentsituations. in some situations, our life is full of new experiences. our mindsprocess a l

33、ot of information and time seems to slow down. in other situations, wehave fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar( 熟悉的). we become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up. how can we slow down time? here

34、 are two suggestions. firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can exposeourselves to as many new experiences as possible. we can give ourselves newchallenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbiesand skills. this will increase the amount of info

35、rmation our minds process and expand(增加 ) our experience of time. secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to anexperience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. thismeans living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. for example, o

36、nthe way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking aboutthe problems you have to deal with. look at the sky, or at the buildings you pass,traveling among them. this open attitude to your experiences helps take in moreinformation and also has a time-expanding effect. to a ce

37、rtain degree, we can understand and control our experience of timepassing. it s possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience oftime. 答案： 2729 bca 27. according to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by . a. going to bed on time b. traveling to new places c. having dinne

38、r as usual d. printing the same materials 解析：由第三段后以及由第五段尤其是其的第一句可推知，我們可以通過(guò)去新的地方旅行來(lái)增加我們對(duì)時(shí)間的體驗(yàn)。28. what can we learn from the passage? a. being familiar with the world around helps us get more information. b. understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly. c. we can take in more informa

39、tion by living through our senses. d. we should build a stronger relationship between time and us. 解析：由第三段的后兩句和第一段最后一句可推知，a、b 這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)與文意不符。通讀全文可推知， d 項(xiàng)文中并未提及。由倒數(shù)第二段尤其是其最后一句可推知b 項(xiàng)正確。29. which of the following would be the best title for the passage? a. slow down time b. only time will tell c. race agai

40、nst time d. time will not comc twice 解析：通讀全文可推知，文章主要是關(guān)于“讓時(shí)間變慢”的。d how much can we afford to forget? in 2018, science magazine asked some young scientistswhat schools should teach students. most said students shouldspend less time memorizing facts and have more space forcreative activities. as the in

41、ternet grows more powerful, students can access(獲得 ) knowledge easily. why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads? civilizations( 文明 ) develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. in the agricultural(農(nóng)業(yè)的) age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting

42、skills. when societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. it seems that we no longer need to remember most things. does it matter? researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. for one, hu

43、man beings have biases( 偏見(jiàn) ), and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective,but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. in theprocess, human beings still decide on the correct answers. anoth

44、er problem relates to the ease of accessing information. when there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go tothe library. we know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. but today, the internet gives us the information we

45、need quickly. this can lead to the mistaken belief the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along. in a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access tosmart memory networks where information is stored. but dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harme

46、d easily. the collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being(健康 ) depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. and it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a

47、dark age. we forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. as long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be foundwhen we need them, perhaps they re not really forgotten. still, as time goes on, wegradually but unquestionably become strangers to fut

48、ure people.答案： 3033 bcad 30. why are smart machines likely to increase our biases? a. because they go off course in testing and scoring. b. because we control the training process on them. c. because we offer them too much information. d. because they overuse the provided answers. 解析：由第二段后兩句可推知，通過(guò)重復(fù)

49、的測(cè)試和挑選過(guò)程，智能機(jī)器被訓(xùn)練，而在這個(gè)過(guò)程當(dāng)中，人類(lèi)依然決定著什么會(huì)是正確答案，因此，當(dāng)我們通過(guò)智能機(jī)器獲取知識(shí)時(shí)，機(jī)受這些“由人類(lèi)決定的正確答案”的影響，偏見(jiàn)就有可能會(huì)增多。31. the ease of accessing information from the internet. a. frees us from making efforts to learn new skills b. prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed c. misleads us into thinking we already kne

50、w the knowledge d. separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines 解析：由第四段后兩句可推知，通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)知曉信息的便利會(huì)誤導(dǎo)我們認(rèn)為我們找到的信息就是我們一直以來(lái)都知道的信息的一部分。32.the word “collapse” in paragraph 5 probably means “”.a. a sudden failure b. the basic rule c. a disappointing start d. the gradual development 解析：結(jié)合畫(huà)線詞所在句以及其上

51、一句可推知，此處指我們健康所依靠的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的任何一個(gè)突然崩潰或垮掉了，都會(huì)產(chǎn)生很糟糕的后果。collapse 意為“崩潰；垮掉” 。33. what is the writer s main purpose in writing this passage? a. to question about the standards ofinformation storage. b. to discuss our problems of communication with machines. c. to stress the importance of improving our memorizing

52、 ability. d. to remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember. 解析：通讀全文可知，作者主要講的是用機(jī)器記信息可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生的不良影響或后果，故d 項(xiàng)符合題意。四、閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題。(共 10 分，每小題2 分) huge waves destroying arctic ice faster than expected ice covers much of the arctic ocean( 北冰洋 ).some pieces of ice are huge, like moving island

53、s. as temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. scientists have discovered huge waves(海浪 )in the arctic waters. the waves were discovered by accident in may, 2010. scientist alekseymarchenko and his students set out on a trip. they wanted to study the icy waters.

54、on may 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of hopen.marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto theice. “ we were ready to go but when i went out, i discovered many cracks(裂縫 ) around,” he remembers.he decided to move the ship

55、 deeper into the ice to keep safe. the farther inthey went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. as they pushed forward,however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. soon, the wavesbroke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces. within an hour, marchenko

56、 and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. the ship s navigation(航行 ) system finally recorded the largest waves. they were more than 20 feet in height. the waves were so strong that they forced hugepieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within justone hour

57、. scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. thewaves in these areas used to be small. the speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know inadvance when they are coming. that could be dangerous for navigators and localcommunities who are unprepared for

58、huge waves or depend on sea ice to protectthem. wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also indanger. some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icywaters. as waves break up ice, the seas will become more open, and the waves willget even s

59、tronger. there are stormy times ahead. 34. when did marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arcticwaters? 35. why did marchenko and his students set out on the trip? 36. what did marchenko decide to do to keep safe? 37. how high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system?

60、 38. what is paragraph 7 mainly about? 答案：34. in may, 2010. 解析：由第二段第一句可知答案。35. because they wanted to study the icy waters. 解析：由第二段最后一句可知答案。36. he moved the ship deeper into the ice. 解析：由第五段第一句可知答案。37. more than 20 feet. 解析：由第六段第二、三句可知答案。38. the damage of the huge waves to people and wildlife in arc