非謂語動詞doing

1、 非謂語動詞Ving一、非謂語動詞的基本用法定義：在句子中充當除謂語以外的各種句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。分類：1.不定式（主動/將來/具體/）:He decided to work hard at English. 2. -Ving形式 2.1 動名詞（主動/習慣/抽象）：Learning is important to us. 2.2 現(xiàn)在分詞（主動/進行）:We stood there, chatting. 3.-ed 形式(過去分詞) （被動/完成）: The novel written by Mo Yan is very important.非謂語動詞雖然不能充當謂語，但是可以

2、充當除謂語動詞以外的其他句子成分。如：主語賓語表語定語狀語賓補動名詞不定式分詞找出非謂語動詞，并判斷成分1. Making our city greener is everyones duty. 2. The government is determined to continue the green program.3. I find my hometown changed so much. 4. Having fresh air, trees can reduce air pollution.5. Every effort to make the program makes a diffe

3、rence.Ving的幾個形勢變化 一般式（謂語動詞同時發(fā)生）doingbeing done （被動式）完成式（謂語動詞發(fā)生之前）having donehaving been done（被動式）動名詞的形式： doing 否定式：not + doing （1）一般式：常用來表示一個正在進行的主動的動作 Do you know the man _ (talk) to our headteacher?（2）一般式的被動式：被動語態(tài)-ing一般式所表示的動作是一個正在進行中的被動動作He came to the party without _ (invite)他未被邀請就來到了晚會。 （3）完成式：

4、所表示的主動的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞所表示的動作之前（已經完成的主動的動作） _ (finish) his work, he went to the party with joy.（4）完成被動式： 表示被動的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞表示的動作之前（已經完成的被動的動作）_ (show) around the lab, we were taken to see the library next.（5）否定式：not + 動名詞 I regret not following his advice. 我后悔沒聽他的勸告。 （6）復合結構：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+ 動名詞在-ing前加物主代詞或名詞

5、所有格即構成-ing的復合結構。其中的物主代詞或名詞所有格為-ing的邏輯主語。He suggested our trying it once again. 他建議我們再試一次。 His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。 1. 作主語：表示一般的、泛指的或習慣性的行為、經驗用-ing形式；_ (read) aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。 _(collect) stamps is interesting. 集郵很有趣。 當動名詞短語作主語時也有用it作形式主語的，常見句式有：A：Its

6、no use/ no good/ a waste of time doing B: Its nice/ fun/ useless/ worth doing Eg. It's no use_(quarrel) .爭吵是沒用的。 2. 作表語： 說明主語的具體內容 像puzzling, surprising, exciting等-ing分詞表示“令人的(事物)”； In the ant city, the queen's job is_ (lay) eggs. 在螞蟻王國，蟻后的工作是產卵。 3. 作賓語： A: enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）,

7、 excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承認），deny（否認）, mind, permit, forbid, practice, risk（冒險）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）等詞后 B：在表示“需要”的need, want和require等后用-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義，也可用不定式的被動式C：在介詞之后用動名詞作賓語。 think of, dream of, be fond

8、of, , insist on, feel like, , be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in注意to是介詞的短語，如be /get used to, be accustomed to(習慣于), contribute to , devote oneself to /be devoted to, get down to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, make a contribution to doing （做貢獻）, pay attention to doing sth. （注意）D：含介詞

9、的固定句式：prevent /stop /keep sb. /sth. from doing 阻止做spend /waste time or money in doing 在做方面花費/浪費時間或金錢have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做方面有些困難have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艱難there is no+n. (sense/ use除了need之外 ) in doing做是沒有理由/道理的E. 復合結構做賓語 物主代詞/名詞所有格+doingDo you mind my _(open) the window?Th

10、e rain prevents his _(go) to school. Eg. They haven't finished _( build) the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。 We have to prevent the air from _ ( pollute). 我們必須阻止空氣被污染。 I am looking forward to _ (meet) the students from America.When he realized he was in poor health, he finally decided to give up _ (smoke).I rea

11、lly appreciate your_ (help) me when I was in trouble.We should do what we can to prevent the earth _ (become) too hot to live on.此外，動名詞作賓語時，若跟有賓語補足語，則常用形式賓語it，例如： We found it no good making fun of others. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。有些動詞可以加to do 不定式也可以加doing做賓語 但是兩者表示的意義不相同，對比：A: remember/ forget/ regret + to do / d

12、oing B: go on/stop+ to do/ doing C: try+ to do / doing 4. 作定語： a.表示用途 b. 表示一個正在進行的主動的動作He can't walk without a _(walk)stick. 他沒有拐杖不能走路。Do you know the girl _ (stand) under the tree now?當分詞單獨做定語時，放在所修飾的名詞前；如果是分詞短語做定語 放在名詞后In the following years he worked even harder. 在后來的幾年中，他學習更努力了。 The man spea

13、king to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親。 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當于一個定語從句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher. 5. 作賓語補足語常跟在這些詞see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen

14、to, look at, leave, catch之后 如：see sb. doing sth Eg. Can you hear her_ (sing) the song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？ He kept the car _(wait) at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。 當賓語與作賓補的動詞在邏輯上是主動關系時，用不定式(未來或全過程)或-ing形式(正在進行或一直處于某種狀態(tài))；當賓語與作賓補的動詞在邏輯上是被動關系時，用-ed形式。另外，請注意復習以下6點：(1)在ask, invite, encourage, advise, f

15、orbid, remind等動詞后，用帶to的不定式作賓補。(2)在help后作賓補的不定式帶不帶to均可。(3)在make, let, have等使役動詞和feel, smell, hear, see, watch等感官動詞后，一般用不帶to的不定式作賓補，但在其被動式后作主語補足語時，要加上to。(4)在with的賓語后，若用-ed形式，表示賓語與-ed形式在邏輯上是被動關系，且意味著該動作已經完成；若用-ing形式，表示賓語與-ing形式在邏輯上是主動關系，且表示動作持續(xù)進行。(5)get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某事(主動、將來); ge

16、t/havedoing使處于某一狀態(tài)中(主動、持續(xù)); get sth. done=have sth. done請人做/遭受(被動)。(6) make oneself 后常用understood, heard, seen, known等作賓補，表示讓別人明白自己的意思/讓自己講的話被別人聽到/讓自己被別人看到/讓自己被別人認識。6. 作狀語： (非謂語動詞若與句子主語在邏輯上是主動關系)作時間狀語： (While)_ (work )in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工廠工作時，他是一名先進工人。 作原因狀語： _ (be) a League

17、 member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青團員，他經常幫助他人。 作方式狀語，表示伴隨： He stayed at home, _ (clean) and _ (wash). 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。 作條件狀語： (If)_ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就會浪費寶貴的時間。 作結果狀語： 表示自然而然的結果。 only to do 常表示出乎意料的結果He dropped the glass, _ (break) it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，結果

18、摔得粉碎。 作讓步狀語： Though_ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon. 雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。 與邏輯主語構成獨立主格做垂懸狀語：-ing形式的獨立成分還有judging by /from(根據判斷), generally speaking(一般說來)，strictly speaking(嚴格說來), frankly speaking(坦率地說), weather permitting(天氣允許)等。I _ (wait) for the bus, a bird fell on my head 我等汽車時，一只鳥落到我頭上。 Time

19、 _ (permit), we'll do another two exercises.如果時間允許，我們將做另兩個練習。_(judge) from his accent, he may be from Africa. 有時也可用with (without) +名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式 With the lights _ (burn), he fell asleep. 他點著燈睡著了。 Exercise:1. There are a lot of students _(wait) to welcome the foreign teachers.2. The building _(bu

20、ild) will be served as our dining- hall.3. There are 3 problems _(remain) to be solved.4. _ (hear) the news, they jumped with joy5. Not _ (know) his address, we have no way to get in touch with him.6. They sent a letter to me , _ (hope) to get my support.7. _ (work) with him for many years, I knows

21、him very well.8._ (fail) twice, she didnt want to have another try.9. You should be careful while_ (cross) the street. 10. He went out, _ (shut) the door from behind.11._ (believe) that Juliet had died ,Romeo decided to kill himself.12. Just now I met a girl here_ (look) like a nurse.13. _ (add) up

22、the figures, well find the correct answers.14. Not _ (feel ) comfortable, I went to see a doctor.15. Helen borrowed a dictionary from me,_ (say) that she would return it to me soon.16. Generally_(speak), the harder you work, the more you gain. 17. With her baby_(sleep) on her back, she went on clean

23、ing the room. 18. _(write) smoothly, this kind of pen sells well in our school.19. Your_(drink )too much will do harm to your health.20. He has devoted himself to _ (help) the poor.非謂語題的解題總方法與思路：1.分析句子結構，辨明是否作非謂語。一個句子當中，已經存在一個主句（謂語動詞），又沒有連詞的情況下，又有別的動詞。也就是說如果一部分是句子時，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的動詞就是非謂語動詞。2.定語

24、態(tài)(找邏輯主語)：如果本句的主語（或動詞自帶的邏輯主語）與它是邏輯上的主謂關系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主語（或動詞自帶的邏輯主語）與它是邏輯上的動賓關系（被動關系），那么答案一般用Ved形式。3.定時態(tài)：如果非謂語的動作比謂語先（或先很久）發(fā)生，那么非謂語動詞要用完成式，否則我們要用非謂語的一般式非謂語動詞與廣東高考：請根據以上技巧, 完成以下與非謂語動詞相關的歷年高考試題。1. (2012年)Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _(wear) sun glasses. 2. (2011年) I noticed a man 18 _ (sit)at the front.3. (2010年) He spit it out, _(say)