淺析AI語(yǔ)音識(shí)別技術(shù)在傳統(tǒng)聽譯上應(yīng)用的可能性

1、    淺析ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別技術(shù)在傳統(tǒng)聽譯上應(yīng)用的可能性    楊茜 袁奧航 胡歡 袁玉 劉鈞鵬 朱奕 阮先玉摘要：隨著全球化的發(fā)展，我國(guó)與國(guó)外文化交流日益頻繁，英文視頻的需求量大幅上升。ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別技術(shù)的應(yīng)用極大的促進(jìn)了語(yǔ)言產(chǎn)業(yè)的創(chuàng)新。為研究ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別技術(shù)在傳統(tǒng)聽譯工作中應(yīng)用的可能，本文同時(shí)使用訊飛聽見、騰訊云、搜狗聽寫三個(gè)支持語(yǔ)音識(shí)別技術(shù)的軟件，對(duì)人工聽譯與ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別聽譯后的文本進(jìn)行了初步分析與總結(jié)。本文發(fā)現(xiàn)，ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別較人工聽譯用時(shí)短，但正確率有待提高，就如何對(duì)兩者的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行結(jié)合，本文提出了相應(yīng)思路和方法。關(guān)鍵詞：聽譯;ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別;語(yǔ)音轉(zhuǎn)寫在

2、“引進(jìn)來(lái)”和“走出去”戰(zhàn)略的指導(dǎo)下，我們對(duì)英文視頻的需求量日益增加。聽譯是指對(duì)音頻或視頻中的原聲語(yǔ)音文本進(jìn)行聽寫和識(shí)別，便于后續(xù)對(duì)音頻或視頻進(jìn)行翻譯的過(guò)程。傳統(tǒng)人工聽譯依靠人工提取，對(duì)速記員要求較高，受人為因素影響較大。隨著人工智能技術(shù)的日漸成熟，ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別技術(shù)在語(yǔ)音識(shí)別和聽寫方面受到更廣泛的認(rèn)可。2017年8月，微軟宣布其旗下語(yǔ)音識(shí)別系統(tǒng)的正確率已經(jīng)由原來(lái)的94.1%提升至94.9%，其正確率高于部分專業(yè)速記員。然而在語(yǔ)音特征提取的準(zhǔn)確性，識(shí)別的穩(wěn)定性等方面亟待改進(jìn)。1.傳統(tǒng)人工聽譯的特點(diǎn)及問(wèn)題聽譯是一種特殊的語(yǔ)音識(shí)別和轉(zhuǎn)換類型，具有書面性，即時(shí)性，同步性，跨文化性等特性。針對(duì)英文視頻的語(yǔ)

3、音識(shí)別，聽譯時(shí)并無(wú)源語(yǔ)文本作為參考。完成從音頻到書面文本的轉(zhuǎn)換，要求速記員有較高的聽辨能力。然而，英文音頻源文本具有口語(yǔ)化、不規(guī)范性、難以識(shí)別性等特征，使得速記員在聽譯時(shí)很難辨識(shí)。2.ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別聽譯與人工聽譯的分析與比較選用音視頻均來(lái)自ted演講、bbc新聞、知名電影片段，ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別軟件采用訊飛聽見、騰訊云、搜狗聽寫三個(gè)支持ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別（語(yǔ)音轉(zhuǎn)文字）的軟件。2.1用時(shí)以ted演講如何學(xué)好外語(yǔ)為例，速記員人工聽譯平均用時(shí)一小時(shí)三十七分二十七秒（1：37：27），三個(gè)ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別軟件平均用時(shí)十一分零九秒（11：09），ai軟件語(yǔ)音識(shí)別并生成文本幾乎與原視頻同步。對(duì)比之下，筆者組織速記員對(duì)50個(gè)

4、不同音頻進(jìn)行人工聽譯，并對(duì)用時(shí)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)。統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示，人工聽譯文本的用時(shí)是ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別軟件的3-14倍，倍數(shù)與源語(yǔ)文文本的時(shí)長(zhǎng)和難度呈正相關(guān)。統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果表明，在用時(shí)方面，ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別軟件體現(xiàn)出其明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)。2.2口音校正速記員在人工聽譯時(shí)能針對(duì)口音較重的音頻進(jìn)行反復(fù)多次的聽寫，從而達(dá)到終版聽譯文本的準(zhǔn)確。然而，由于大部分語(yǔ)音識(shí)別軟件默認(rèn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的美式或英式發(fā)音，對(duì)部分帶有口音的音頻存在識(shí)別障礙。例1：人工：.talking about how this problem is being addressed.搜狗/騰訊：.talking about how this problem is being d

5、angerous.例2：人工：. after the third season， seriously， the dialogue started to make sense.搜狗：. after they turn a season， seriously， the dialogue started to make sense.以上材料均選用帶有印式英語(yǔ)的音頻。不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于印式英語(yǔ)與美式英語(yǔ)和英式英語(yǔ)之間存在元音障礙和輔音障礙，ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別軟件難以對(duì)部分發(fā)音進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的識(shí)別，使得導(dǎo)出文本出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。2.3斷句例1：人工： a pentagon official said this was to

6、 provide president obama with flexibility.騰訊： a pentagon official said this was to provide president obama with flexibility should military options be required to protect american lives and interests.例2：人工：.people dont listen to them. why is that？搜狗：.people dont listen to them and why is that？騰訊：.pe

7、ople dont listen to them why is that？受原音頻語(yǔ)速和輕重讀音的影響，ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別軟件難以像人工聽譯一樣做到準(zhǔn)確的斷句。但就普遍性而言，50個(gè)音頻里斷句錯(cuò)誤占比較低。絕大多數(shù)情況下，ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別軟件還是能較準(zhǔn)確的對(duì)原音頻進(jìn)行斷句。2.4整體準(zhǔn)確性例1：人工：its the instrument we all play. its the most powerful sound in the world. probably its the only one that can start a war or say， i love you.訊飛：its the ins

8、trument we all play. probably see anyone that can start a war or say， i love you.搜狗：its the most powerful instrument well play. its the most powerful sound in the world. probably its the only one that can start a war or say， i love you.騰訊：voice instrument we will play its most powerful sound a world

9、 probably any one can start a war or say i love you.例2：人工：oh no， i cant leave you. i promised i would put your photo up. i promised you would see coco.訊飛：oh no， i cant leave you. i promised i put your photo up. i promise you would see coco.搜狗：its almost sunrise. leave you.騰訊：oh no， i cant leave you.

10、 i promised id put your phone up. i promised you would see coco.例3：人工：remember me though i have to say goodbye. dont let it make you cry. forever if im far away. look， i sing secret song to you. each time you hear sad guitar. know that im with you. the only way that i can be until youre in my arm ag

11、ain.訊飛：remember be so i have to travel for free man army each time you hear cent town with you noise to noise noise yeah yeah noise yeah.搜狗：remember be so i have to travel for free man army each time you hear cent town with you noise to noise yeah noise yeah.騰訊：real number me！ do i have to say goodb

12、ye do not let it make you cry far away. i sings secret song to you. each time you hear sand it are. the only way that i can be until youre in my arm again.ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別軟件在識(shí)別過(guò)程中，存在增聽、漏聽、連讀分辨不清、甚至部語(yǔ)段無(wú)法識(shí)別等問(wèn)題，使得識(shí)別后的文本正確率較源語(yǔ)文本低。人工聽譯主要依靠速記員的專業(yè)性，聽寫時(shí)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)，且可反復(fù)聽寫某一模糊部分，正確率較源語(yǔ)文本高，準(zhǔn)確性較ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別軟件更好。3.總結(jié)字幕聽譯較文本翻譯受到更多因素的限制。筆

13、者通過(guò)對(duì)人工聽譯與ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別軟件聽譯的分析與對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)，人工能更好的保證斷句、口音校正和整體的準(zhǔn)確性，但用時(shí)長(zhǎng)，工作量大，對(duì)速記員本身的語(yǔ)言素質(zhì)要求高;由于ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別軟件當(dāng)前固有的問(wèn)題，ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別整體上已經(jīng)達(dá)到不錯(cuò)水平，能較為準(zhǔn)確的識(shí)別出源音頻。這說(shuō)明，在日后的聽譯工作中，速記員可嘗試將ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別后的文本作為藍(lán)本進(jìn)行再精聽;將ai語(yǔ)音識(shí)別技術(shù)同傳統(tǒng)聽譯結(jié)合起來(lái)，采用更加靈活的聽譯策略和方法，更快速準(zhǔn)確的完成聽譯工作。參考文獻(xiàn)1林明月，耿磊.淺析字幕翻譯的特點(diǎn)j.明日風(fēng)尚，2016（18）：282.2路雅芝.從功能對(duì)等理論淺談字幕聽譯以跨語(yǔ)言訪談?lì)惞?jié)目為例j.校園英語(yǔ)，2019（14）：229-230.3艾朝陽(yáng)，周祎，李紅.