重慶大學(xué)碩士研究生(英語)課程試卷 研究生B類

1、校訓(xùn)：耐勞苦、尚儉樸、勤學(xué)業(yè)、愛國家 重慶大學(xué)研究生試卷 第 5 頁 共 5 頁 封線密學(xué)院 專業(yè)（領(lǐng)域） 類別 （ 學(xué)術(shù) 、專業(yè) ） 學(xué)號 姓名 重慶大學(xué)全日制專業(yè)碩士研究生英語課程試卷(b類)20152016 學(xué)年 第 二 學(xué)期（春）開課學(xué)院：外國語學(xué)院 課程編號：g0401a考試日期： 2016.06.19 考試時間： 120 分鐘題 號一二三四筆試成績筆試計分50%口試成績20%書面作業(yè)10%課堂表現(xiàn)10%上課考勤10%課程成績得 分碩士生b類答題紙 英語班次：_answer sheetpart i reading comprehension ( 40 points, each ite

2、m 2points)passage one 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( )passage two 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. ( )passage three 11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( )passage four 16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) 20. ( ) part ii translation from english to chinese ( 20 points) 命題（組題）人： 審題人： 命題時間：2016.06 研究生院制pa

3、rt iii translation from chinese to english ( 20 points )part iv writing ( 20 points)(please write your composition on the reverse side. 請寫在背面)重慶大學(xué)碩士研究生英語 課程試卷20152016 學(xué)年 第 二 學(xué)期碩士生b類the final written examination for postgraduates (level b)part i reading comprehension（40 points）directions: read the fo

4、llowing passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. write your answers on your answer sheet. passage oneat some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or

5、 terrible. however, chances are that you don't act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. you know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change

6、over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. now

7、with the publication of important books such as on death and dying and learning to say goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.one of the newest taboos in american society is the t

8、opic of fat. unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that americans talk about constantly. it's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to be fat. the "in" look is thin, not fat. in the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well

9、 as their products to the public. the thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. the fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. in an image-conscious society like the u. s. , thin is "in", fat is "out&quo

10、t;.it's not surprising, then, that millions of americans have become obsessed with staying slim and "in shape". the pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for america's obsession with diet and exercise. recent research has shown the critical impo

11、rtance of diet and exercise for personal health. as in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of north americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. cars and buses transp

12、ort us quickly from point to point. as a result of inactivity and disuse, people's bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. in an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of americans are spending more of their time exercising every day.1. from the passage we can infer taboo is _.a.

13、 a strong desire to do something strange or terribleb. a crime committed on impulsec. behavior considered unacceptable in society's eyesd. an unfavorable impression left on other people2. based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude "being fat"_.a. will always remain a t

14、aboob. is not considered a taboo by most peoplec. has long been a tabood. may no longer be a taboo some day3. the topic of fat is _ many other taboo subjects.a. the same as b. different fromc. more popular than d. less often talked about than4. in the u. s., thin is "in", fat is "out&

15、quot;, this means _.a. thin is "inside", fat is "outside"b. thin is "diligent", fat is "lazy"c. thin is "youthful", fat is "spiritless"d. thin is "fashionable", fat is "unfashionable"5. the main reason the passage gives

16、for why so many americans are exercising regularly is _.a. their changed life-styleb. their eagerness to stay thin and youthfulc. their appreciation of the importance of exercised. the encouragement they have received from their companiespassage two opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoe

17、ver is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. this means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.but we need to go further. we must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. should we continue to treat emp

18、loyment as the norm? should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the of

19、fice, as centers of production and work?the industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. the industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. this seems a

20、daunting thought. but, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving the

21、m of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. later, as transport improved first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employmen

22、t until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. in preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. now it became customary f

23、or the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.it was not only women whose work status suffered. as employment beca

24、me the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excludeda problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.all this may now have to change.the time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist

25、 goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.6. what is the main idea of the passage?a. employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.b. unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.c. the indus

26、trial age may now be coming to an end.d. some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with the problem of unemployment. 7. which of the following was not mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?a. the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries.b. the

27、 development of factories.c. relief from housework on the part of women.d. development of modern means of transportation. 8. it can be inferred from the passage that_.a. most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment may not be solved within a short period of timeb. many f

28、armers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructedc. in preindustrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried out by womend. some of the changes in work pattern that the industrial age brought have been reversed9. what does the word “daunting” in the

29、third paragraph mean?a. shocking b. interestingc. confusing d. stimulating10. which of the following is not suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?a. create situations in which people work for themselves.b. treat employment as the norm.c. endeavor to revive the household an

30、d the neighborhood as centers of production.d. encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions.passage threeno one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstances. uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. un

31、iforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. the individual in a uniform loses all self-worth. there are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important c

32、oncept. what could be more important than the individual himself? if an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, elim

33、inates all envy and competition in the matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good quality clothing is not to be belittled by a wealthy person who wears expensive quality clothing. those persons conveniently ignore such critical concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and indi

34、viduality. if all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? it is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of food. when this happens, all incentive to improve ones life is removed. why would parents bother to work hard so

35、that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had? uniforms also hurt the economy. right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. thousands of persons are employed

36、 in designing, creating and marketing different types of clothing. if everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. sales person would be superfluous as well; why bother to sell the only items that are available? the wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion ind

37、ustry, which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. the entire information and entertainment industry would collapse. 11. the authors primary purpose in wr

38、iting this passage is to _ . a. plead for the abolition of uniforms b. show that uniforms are not possible in a democratic society c. advocate stronger government controls on the wearing of uniforms d. convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages 12. why does the author

39、discuss forcing everyone to buy the same car or eat the same food? a. to show that freedom of choice is absolute. b. to show that the government has interfered too much in the lives of individual. c. to suggest what would happen if uniforms became compulsory. d. to predict the way the society will b

40、e in the next few generations.13. which of the following statements is the opinion of those who support uniforms? a. the person who wears a uniform has no self-worth. b. wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger concept. c. uniforms will hurt the entire information and

41、 entertainment industry. d. envy and competition are incentive to improve ones life.14. the word “superfluous” (line 4, para. 3) most probably means _ . a. surplus b. indispensable c. available d. supplementary 15. the next paragraph in this passage might discuss _ . a. the positive effects of weari

42、ng uniforms b. more negative effects of wearing uniforms c. an alternative to wearing uniforms d. the legal rights of those not wishing to wear uniforms passage fourwhy the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at the culmination of greek civilization, advanced so

43、slowly for two thousand yearsand why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own timesare questions which have intereste

44、d the modern philosopher no less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin? was the long period

45、 one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth? or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidentsto the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding p

46、rovidence? the explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident betwee

47、n ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. for all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance of deductionby steps w

48、hich are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science. a failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods, an imperfection in

49、the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observationthese are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why th

50、e modern is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times. the attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and “theories” or “facts” and “ideas”in the neglec

51、t among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latterproves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. for in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. facts and theories are not coordinate species. theories, if true, are factsa particular

52、 class of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories. nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well founded, and connotes an imp

53、ortant character in true method. a fact is a proposition of simple. a theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. to convert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and th

54、e theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact. 16. the title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is a. philosophy of mathematics. b. the recent growth in science. c. the verification of facts. d. methods of scientific inquiry. 17. according to the author, one possible reason fo

55、r the growth of science during the days of the ancient greeks and in modern times is_. a. the similarity between the two periods b. that it was an act of god c. that both tried to develop the inductive method d. due to the decline of the deductive method 18. the difference between “fact” and “theory

56、” a. is that the latter needs confirmation. b. rests on the simplicity of the former. c. is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient greeks. d. helps us to understand the deductive method. 19. according to the author, mathematics is _. a. an inductive science b. in need of simple verification c. a deductive science d. based on fact and theory 20. the statement “theories are facts” may be called_. a. a metaphor b. a paradox c. an appraisal of the inductive