2022年2022年初中英語語法專項復(fù)習(xí)——英語動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)講解和練習(xí)題

1、精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載中學(xué)英語語法專項復(fù)習(xí)：英語各個時態(tài)和語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)題中學(xué)英語有16 種時態(tài),但為常用的只有9 種：一般現(xiàn)在時.一般過去時.一般將來時.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時.過去進(jìn)行時.現(xiàn)在完成時.過去完成時.過去將來時.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時；下面分別介紹；1. 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法（ 1 ） 一般現(xiàn)在時表示常常性.習(xí)慣性的動作；表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài).特點和真理；句中常用always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、rarely、never、 every daymorning、monday、week、.etc.、every there years、once

2、a weekday、month、.etc.、.等時間狀語；例如：a. he goes to school every day.b. he is very happy.c. the earth moves around the sun.2 在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來；例如：a. if you come this afternoon、 we ll have a meeting.b. when i graduate、 i ll go to countryside.2.一般過去時的用法（ 1 ） 表示過去某時間發(fā)生的事.存在的狀態(tài)或過反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作；常和: last week

3、night、monday、month、year、.etc.four years agodays、month、.etc.before1980three、liberation、從句 、.etc. the day before yesterday、the day before last、 the year before last、just now、a monent ago、 yesterday、yesterday morning、this morning、at first、at last、in the end、finally、then、.a. he saw mr. wang yesterday.b.

4、 he worked in a factory in 1986.2表示過去常常發(fā)生的動作, 也可用“ used to 和“ would + 動詞原形 ”； i used to smoke. during the vacation i wouldm in the sea.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載注： ”used to表“示 過去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載a. i am used to the climate here.b. he is used tomming in winter.3.一般將來時的用法一般將來時表示

5、將來的動作或狀態(tài)；其表達(dá)形式除了“ will 或 shall +動詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的或最近準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)行的事；常和：next weekmonday、month、year、.etc.in three daysan hour、.etc.tomorrow、tomorrow morning、the day after tomorrow、the day after next、the year after next、tonight、in 20212021.etc.this evening、this saturday、after wednesday、soon、sometime next week、one da

6、y in futuer、sooner or later、.1） be going to do 結(jié)構(gòu)it is going to rain.we are going to have a meeting today.2) “ be about to +動詞原形 ” 表示即將發(fā)生的動作,意為be ready to do sth.后面一般不跟時間狀語；we are about to leave.3) go 、 come 、 start、 move、 leave、 arrive 、stay等可用進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示按方案即將發(fā)生的動作；i m leaving for beijing.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法1 ）

7、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作,由“be +現(xiàn)在分詞 ”構(gòu) 成；常和：now、these daysweeks、months、.etc.this monthweek、.etc.look.、listen.、.另外,“系動詞+ 介詞或副詞 ” 也表示進(jìn)行時的意義；what are you doing. the bridge is under construction.2） 表示感覺.愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動詞（如have、 be 、 here、 se、 like 等 ） 一般不用進(jìn)行；5.過去進(jìn)行時的用法1） 過去進(jìn)行時過去某一時刻.某一階段正進(jìn)行的動作,由“ was were +現(xiàn)在分詞 ”構(gòu)成；常和

8、： this time yesterday、this time last friday、in those days、at nine last night、from one to three yesterdayafternoon、.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載in 1980 he was studying in a university. he was reading a novel when i came in.6.現(xiàn)在完成時的 用法現(xiàn)在完成時由“ hav/ehas + 過去分詞 .其使用有兩種情形：1） 現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作在說話之前已完成,但對現(xiàn)在有影響

9、；句中沒有詳細(xì)時間狀語；常和：just、alreadly、yet、never、ever、now、before、this week、today、these days、once、twice、three times、.he has gone to fuzhou. he has been to fuzhou.2) 現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作開頭于過去,連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或許仍會連續(xù)下去常用for和 since 表示一段時間的狀語或 since then1949、last monday、two o'clock、從句 .、etc. , ever since then、for three daysa long

10、 time、two hours、.etc.so far 、 now、 today、 this wek month、 year 等表示包括現(xiàn)在內(nèi)的狀語；he has studied english for 5 years. he has studied english since 1985. now i have finished the work.留意：表示短臨時間動作的詞（如come、 go 、 die、 marry、 buy等）的完成時不能與for、 since等 表示一般時間的詞連用；正確： i have bought the book already.錯誤： i have bought

11、 the book for two years.改：i have had the bookl for two years.7過去完成時的用法1） 過去完成時由 “ had +過去分詞 ”構(gòu)成；過去完成時的動作表示過去某一時刻或某一時刻或某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)；句中常用by then1977、yesterday、eight last night、the time we gotthere、.etc.by the end of last termweek、year、month、.etc.by、 before、 until、 when等詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語；by the end of last ye

12、ar we had built five new houses.i had learnt 5000 words before i entered the university. 2過去完成時的動詞仍可表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)連續(xù)到過去某個時間或連續(xù)下去；before heslept、 he had worked for 12 hours.8過去將來時的用法過去將來時表示從過去的某個時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；過去將來時由“should 或 would +動詞原形 ”構(gòu) 成；第一人稱用should、其他人稱用would.；常和：they were sure that they

13、 would succeed.（二）動詞語態(tài)1 當(dāng)句子的主語為動作的執(zhí)行者時,謂語的形式叫主動語態(tài)；句子的主語為動作承擔(dān)者時,謂語的形式叫被動作語態(tài)；被動語態(tài)由助動詞be + 過去分詞構(gòu)成,時態(tài)通過be 表現(xiàn)出來；1）一般現(xiàn)在時：you are required to do this.2）一般過去時：the story was told by her.3）一般將來時：the problem will be discussed tomorrow.4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：the road is being widened.5）過去進(jìn)行時：the new tool was being made.6）現(xiàn)在完成

14、時：the novel has been read.7）過去完成時：he said that the work had been finished.8）過去將來時：he said that the trees would be planted soon.2. 一些特別的被動結(jié)構(gòu)1） 帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：the problem must be solved soon.2） 帶不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：the room is going to be painted. the homework needs to be done with care.3) 短語動詞的被動：a.（不及物） 動詞 +介詞： 如這

15、類短語動詞為及物性的,就可用于被動語態(tài)中,如： laugh at、 look after、 talk about、 think of等；如這類短語動詞為不及物性的就不行用于被動語態(tài)中,如：book up、 look down.等b.（ 及物） 動詞 +副詞： bring about、 carry out、 find out、 make out、 put away、 put off、 take up、 turn down、 turn out、 wipeout 等c. 動詞 +副詞+介詞： do away with、 face up to、 give into 、look down upon、 m

16、ake up with等d. 動詞 +名詞 +介詞： catch sight of、 keep on eye on、 make a fool of 、 pay attention to 、 put an end to 、 set fire/light to 、 take notice of等精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載4) 帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞在改為被動語態(tài)時,一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語,賓語補足語保留在謂語后面；we always keep the classroom clean.比較： the classroom is always kept clean.

17、5主動形式表示被動意義的詞；常見的有：a.主動形式,這時動名詞同句中的主語有動賓關(guān)系；the children need looking after.the windows wants /requires repairing. this point deserves mentioning.練習(xí)題1. it is a fine day. the sun shine brightly.2. they visit the science museum next sunday.3. mr brown live in beijing since he came to china.4. mr wang t

18、each us english two years ago.5. the smiths watch tv at this time last night.6. we learn about ten english songs by the end of last term.7. father said that he buy a new bike for me the next friday.8. bill isn.t here. he chat with his friends in the classroom.9. the teacher said that the moon go rou

19、nd the earth.10. the young pioneers will go to the zoo if it not rain this sunday.11. listen. they talk about the new film.12. jim asked us what happen in china in 1976.13. my mobile phone steal on a bus last week.14. the host interview the little boy just now.15. the greens watch tv now.16. he said

20、 that he ring me up when he got there.17. we learn english for about three years.18. my brother join the league in 1997.19. the farmers pick apples when i saw them.20. the red skirt cost the girl forty yuan.21. the film begin when i got to the cinema.22. the girl told me that she wanted to be an eng

21、lish teacher when she grow up.23. my sister is a student and she study at a middle school nearby.24. mr green travel to several places in south china since he came here.25. you catch the early bus if you get up early.26. you been wear glasses all the time.27. i ll go home as soon as i finish my home

22、work.29. most science books are write in english.30. i stay there for two months last year.31. tell lily to call me as soon as she .a. will arriveb. gets therec. has goned. reach here32. -hi、 kate. you look tired. what s the m-a-itt_e_r. well last night.a. didn t sleepb. don t sleep c. haven t slept

23、 d. won t sleep33. -excuse me、 look at the sign over there、 please. could you stop smoking.-sorry、 i that.a. didn t seeb. don t seec. won t see d. can t see34. -well、 i found this. i think it must be yours.-my watch. thank you. where it.a. do you findb. had you foundc. were you findingd. did you fin

24、d35. -don you know when dr white for dinner this evening.-no、 but i think he when he is free.a. will come; comesb. will come; will comec. comes; comesd. comes; will come36. look at those black clouds. it rain. let s hurry.a. maybeb. wouldc. hasd. is going to37. -jimmy is leaving for a holiday.-reall

25、y. where he .a. has; goneb. will; goc. did; god. does; go38. -shall we go shopping now. -sorry、 i can't. i my shirts.a. washb. washes c. washed d. am washing精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載39. -i called you yesterday evening、 but there was no answer.-oh、 i am sorry. i dinner at my friend's ho

26、me.a. haveb. hadc. was havingd. have had40. the oriental pearl tv tower thousands of visitors since 1995.a. attractedb. attractsc. has attractedd. will attract46. -why didn't you go to the cinema yesterday.-because i the film before.a. had seenb. have seenc. have watchedd. has watched47. i don&#

27、39;t think john saw me. he a book at that moment.a. just readb. has just readc. was just readingd. had just read48. mr smith a book about china last year but i don't know whether he has finished it.a. has writtenb. wrotec. had writtend. was writing49. mr white the newspaper while his daughter tv

28、.a. has read; was watchingb. was reading; watchedc. was reading; was watchingd. reading; watched精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載50. -i didn't seeyou at the meeting. why.-i wasill.a. sawb. have seenc. not seed.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載51. the 29th olympic games in beijing in 2021.a. holdb. will holdc. will

29、be heldd. held52. hurry up. the play for ten minutes.a. has been onb. has begunc. had begund.began53. -may i speak to mr smith.-sorry、 he australia. but he in two days.a. has been to; will come backb. has gone to; will be backc. has been in; would come backd. is leaving for; doesn't come back54. i can't go to the theater tonight because i my ticket.a. have lostb. had lostc. will losed. was losing55. -what a nice bike. how long you i