2022年2022年從一道高考題談?wù)劒?dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法

1、精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載從一道高考題談?wù)劒?dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法先請(qǐng)看一道高考題：（ 2005 湖南卷 34 題）i send you 100 dollars,the rest in a year ；a. followb. followedc. to followd. being followed答案為c；該題考察獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法、現(xiàn)筆者擬對(duì)此用法小結(jié),以饗讀者；再看兩個(gè)例句the sale usually takes place outside the house、 with the audience onbenches、 子 chairs or boxes. cet 4 2000、1

2、ahavingseatedbseatingcseateddhavingbeen seated此題考察的為 with 引導(dǎo)的分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),seat 一般用被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意思,所以用過去分詞,答案為c；seat 可以用于如下句中：he came in and was seated in the chair. please come in and be seated. so many directors 、 the board meeting had to be put off. cet 4 2000、6awere absentbbeing absentcbeen absentdhad been

3、 absent此題考察的為分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)、主語與分詞之間為主謂關(guān)系,因此挑選b；當(dāng)分詞作狀語時(shí),其規(guī)律主語一般應(yīng)與句子的主語一樣；假如不一樣的話, 分詞前面可以帶有自己的規(guī)律主語名詞或代詞 ,構(gòu)成分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 或稱為帶規(guī)律主語的分詞結(jié)構(gòu) ；分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可表示相伴情形.陪襯動(dòng)作.附加說明以及表示時(shí)間.緣由.條件等；先看一些有關(guān)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句子；the moon has no light of its own、 only sunlight shining on it.附加說明 she rushed out the room、 the little baby carried in her arm

4、s.相伴動(dòng)作 maggie ran back to the kitchen、 eggs held carefully in her hand.相伴動(dòng)作 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載they being blind men、how could they see the elephants.=as they were blind men. 表示緣由 circumstances changed、 it is necessary for you to make a new plan. 表示緣由a force acting through a distance、 work is don

5、e. 表示條件 both bright side and dark side considered、 you will have the confidence to overcome this difficulty. 表示條件 allflightssavingsbeencancelledbecauseofthesnowstorm、many passengers could do nothing but take the train.there be 句型和 it 也能引出分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語修飾主句,there 和 it 相當(dāng)于分詞的規(guī)律主語；例如:there being nothing el

6、se to do、 we went home. there having been no rain、 the plants withered.it being impossible for most students to turn in their papers as scheduled、 the teacher decided to give them another two days.從以上例句,我們可以知道獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),它為由一個(gè)相當(dāng)于主語的名詞或 代詞加上非謂語動(dòng)詞.形容詞（副）詞.或介詞短語構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立成分；該結(jié) 構(gòu)不為句子,也不為從句,所以它內(nèi)部的動(dòng)詞不能考慮其時(shí)態(tài).人稱和數(shù)的

7、變化,它與其主句之間既不能通過并列連詞連接也不能有從句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo),常用逗號(hào)與其主句隔開；獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在許多情形下可以轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀語從句或其他狀語 形式,但許多時(shí)候不能轉(zhuǎn)化為分詞形式,由于它內(nèi)部動(dòng)詞的規(guī)律主語與主句主語 不一樣；在做這類題目時(shí)肯定要當(dāng)心判定,不能馬虎大意；下面我們從幾個(gè)方面來更好地懂得獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：（一）：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：名詞代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞.過去分詞； 名詞代詞+形容詞；名詞代詞+副詞； 名詞代詞+不定式；名詞代詞 +介詞短語構(gòu)成；精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載（二）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的規(guī)律主語與句子的主語不同,它獨(dú)立存在；2）名詞或代詞與

8、后面的分詞 ,形容詞,副詞,不定 式,介詞等為主謂關(guān)系；3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開；（三）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的作用：1） 做時(shí)間狀語；例如：the test finished、 we began our holiday. = when the test was finished、 we began our holiday.考試終止了,我們開頭放假；president assassinated、 the whole country was in deep sorrow. = after the president was assassinated、 the whole country was

9、 in deep sorrow.總統(tǒng)被謀殺了,舉國上下沉迷在悲傷之中；2）作條件狀語；例如：weatherpermitting、wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.=ifweather permits ,we are going to visit you tomorrow；假如天氣答應(yīng),我們明天去看你；3） 作緣由狀語；例如：his money lost,he had to go home on foot；由于它的錢丟了,他不得不步行回家；=because his money was lost,he had to go home on foot；there being n

10、o classes,we didn t go to scho；ol 由于今日沒有課,我們沒有去上學(xué)；=because there were no classes,we didn t go to schoo ；l4）作相伴狀語；例如：he came into the room、 his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里,耳朵凍壞了；he came out of the library、 a large book under his arm.他夾著本厚書,走出了圖書館；精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載（四）與 with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的比較；“ with賓+ 語+賓語補(bǔ)

11、足語 ”用法與獨(dú)立主各結(jié)構(gòu)基本相同,可以懂得為為with的獨(dú)立主各結(jié)構(gòu),即“with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞 / 過去分詞 /形容詞 / 副詞/ 不定式 /介詞短語”；例如：he stood there、 his hand raised= he stood there、 with his hand raise精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載典型例題： the murderwasbroughtin、 withhis hands back ；behindhis精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載a. being tiedb. having tiedc. to be tiedd. t

12、ied答案 d. with + 名詞（代詞） +分詞+介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)；由于本句中名詞"手"與分詞"綁"為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此用過去分詞,選d.（五）留意：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)使用介詞的問題：1）當(dāng)介詞為 in 時(shí),其前后的兩個(gè)名詞均不加任何成分 （如物主代詞或冠詞） ,也不用復(fù)數(shù)；但with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制；例如：a robber burst into the room、 knife in hand. hand前不能加 his ；2當(dāng)表人體部位的詞做規(guī)律主語時(shí),及物動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分詞,不及物動(dòng)詞用過去分詞如：he lay there、 his teeth set、 hi

13、s hand clenched、 his eyes lookingstraight up.典型例題： weather 、 we'll go out for a walk.a permittedb permittingc permitsd for permitting案 b. 此題中沒有連詞,它不為復(fù)合句,也不為并列句；句中使用了逗號(hào), 且 we 小寫,可知其不為兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔句；能夠這樣使用的只有獨(dú)立主格或with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；據(jù)此判定,本句中使用的為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),其結(jié)構(gòu)為：名詞+分詞；由于permit在這里翻譯為 '天氣答應(yīng) ',表主動(dòng),應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,應(yīng)選b；假如不會(huì)判定獨(dú)立結(jié)

14、構(gòu)作狀語的形式,不妨將句子改為條件句,例如本句改為if weather permits、 we'll go out for a walk.然后將 if 去掉,再將謂語動(dòng)詞改為非謂語動(dòng)詞即 可；下面來試一試你把握了多少:1.規(guī)律主語 +v-ing1. no bus、 we had to walk home.a .therebeingb .beingc .havingbeend .therewas精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載2. no bus、 we had to walk home.a .as there beingb .as there wasc .beingd .t

15、herewas3. sunday、 the library doesn't open.a .beingb .therebeingc .itbeingd .having been4. sunday、 the library doesn't open.a .as it beingb .beingc .it isd .as it is2.規(guī)律主語 +v-ed1. 、 the train started.a.thesignalgivenb.givingthesignalc.thesignalbeing givend .the signal giving2. 、 the train st

16、arted.a .after having given the signalb .after the signal given cc. giving the signald .after the signal was given 3. 、 the text became easier for us to learn.a .explaining new wordsb .new words explainedc .being explained new wordsd .having explained new words 4. 、 the text became easier for us to

17、learn.a. when new words were explainedb .explaining new words c .new words explainingd .being explained new words3.規(guī)律主語 +形容詞（副詞）1. 、 the patient can leave the hospital.a.betterconditionsb.conditionsbetterc.conditionsare betterd .being better conditions精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載2. 、 the patient can leav

18、e the hospital.a .if better conditions b .if conditions better c .if conditions are better d.being better conditions3. 、 we d like to go outing.a.beingsundayb.sundayokc.sundayisokd.if sunday ok4. 、 we d like to go outing.a.ifsundayisokb.sundaybeingokc.sunday okd.a、b and c5. 、 you can wait a while.a

19、.theplaybeingstillonb .theplaystillonc beingstillonthe playd.a and b6. 、 so you can wait a whilea .the play is still onb .the play being still onc. as the play is still ond .the play still on4.規(guī)律主語 +介詞短語1. the boy followed the nobleman here、 .a .aswordin handb .aswordin his handb .beingaswordin hand

20、d .sword in hand2. the boy followed the nobleman here .a .with a sword in his handb .with a sword in hand c .with a sword being in handd .a sword being in hand 3.he left the office、 .a.tearsbeingineyesb.tearsineyesc.beingtearsin eyesd .with tears being in eyes4.he left the office .精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - -

21、 歡迎下載a .with tears being in eyes b .with tears in her eyes c .being tears in eyes d .tears being in eyes二.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)訓(xùn)練題1. no bus、 we had to walk home.a .there beingb .as there wasc .there wasd.a andb2. sunday、 the library doesn't open.a .it beingb .as it isc .beingd.a and b 3. 、 i had to ask for two

22、 days leave.a .mother being illb .bother illc .as mother was ill d. a、band c4. 、 we have to work late into the night.a .theexam nearb .theexambeingnearc .asthe examis near d. a、b and c5. 、 the train started.a .thesignalgivenb .afterthesignalwasgivenc .giventhe signald.a and b6. 、 the text became eas

23、ier for us to learn.a. new words explainedb .when new words were explained c .when teacher explained new wordsd .all above7. 、 we'll go to visit the great wall.a.weatherpermittingb.ifweatherpermitsc.ifpermittingd.a and b8. 、 the patient will recover himself soon.a .if the treatment is in time b

24、.the treatment in time c the treatment being in time d.a、b and c精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載9. we have lessons every day、 .a.sundayincludedb.sundayincludingc.sundayis includingd .all the above10. the boy fell asleep、 .a .caponheadb.witha caponheadc .acaponwason headd. all the above11. father came home、 a

25、 .a dog following himb .a dog followed himc .being followed by a dogd .all the above12. the problem ,they all went home happily；a. settlingb. to be settledc. settledd to settle；13.a lot of work ,he had no time to talkwith us；a. doneb to doc doingd to be doing 14.-everyone their seats , the meeting began；a takenb takingc having takend to take15. , mother had to stay at home and looked after him；a. being illb he was illc tom being illd to be ill16. ,there is no school ；a it