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1、目 錄設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)1.設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)及設(shè)計(jì)原則···············································
2、;········11.1設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)········································
3、83;·······················11.1.1 主要文件························
4、3;··································11.1.2 主要技術(shù)資料·············
5、83;·········································11.2設(shè)計(jì)原則·······&
6、#183;·················································&
7、#183;······32.產(chǎn)品方案··········································
8、························32.1 產(chǎn)品規(guī)格························
9、83;······································32.2產(chǎn)品主要物性··········
10、;··················································
11、;42.3 分析方法················································
12、183;··············43.生產(chǎn)方法及工藝流程·································
13、183;·····················43.1生產(chǎn)方法···························
14、·····································43.2工藝過(guò)程···········
15、3;·················································
16、3;··53.2.1工藝流程框圖·············································
17、3;·········53.2.2工藝流程說(shuō)明······································
18、3;················53.3設(shè)備框圖································
19、183;·······························63.4 生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn)·················
20、;··············································73.5 工藝介質(zhì)的腐蝕性·
21、3;·················································
22、3;···73.6帶控制點(diǎn)的工藝流程圖············································
23、183;·······74.原料及中間產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)規(guī)格········································
24、;········85物料衡算·········································
25、;·························95.1主要物性參數(shù)·······················&
26、#183;····································95.2物料衡算············
27、;··················································
28、;··95.2.1公稱(chēng)體積與臺(tái)數(shù)的計(jì)算·············································&
29、#183;·95.2.2物料衡算··············································
30、83;···········105.3物料衡算框圖····································
31、3;······················116.能量衡算··························
32、183;······································117.設(shè)備計(jì)算及選型原則·········&
33、#183;············································137.1設(shè)備衡算···
34、3;·················································
35、3;·········137.1.1大罐·······································&
36、#183;······················137.1.2中罐·························
37、3;····································147.1.3小罐············&
38、#183;·················································1
39、57.2設(shè)備選型的原則················································&
40、#183;········168.車(chē)間布置········································
41、;·························168.1車(chē)間的生產(chǎn)性質(zhì)·······················
42、;··································168.2 車(chē)間布置說(shuō)明··············
43、;············································168.2.1 生產(chǎn)工藝····
44、;··················································
45、;···168.2.2設(shè)備安裝檢修············································
46、3;·········168.2.3安全技術(shù)·······································
47、;···················168.3設(shè)備安裝要求·····························
48、······························178.3.1情況介紹··················&
49、#183;·······································178.3.2安裝方案········
50、183;·················································17
51、9.生產(chǎn)制度和車(chē)間定員················································&
52、#183;·····179.1生產(chǎn)制度··········································
53、3;····················179.2崗位操作時(shí)間表和班組安排···························
54、;····················179.3車(chē)間定員表····························&
55、#183;································1710.設(shè)備················
56、··················································
57、···1810.1車(chē)間設(shè)備概況·············································
58、·············1810.1.1種子制備設(shè)備··································
59、3;·················1810.1.2種子罐·······························
60、;···························1810.1.3發(fā)酵罐·····················
61、·····································1810.2車(chē)間設(shè)備材料的選擇原則··········&
62、#183;·····································1810.3關(guān)鍵設(shè)備··········
63、83;·················································
64、83;·1811.儀表及控制···············································
65、;···············1811.1生產(chǎn)過(guò)程特點(diǎn)概述································
66、83;·····················1811.2工藝參數(shù)控制要求··························&
67、#183;···························1811.3儀表及自控方案····················
68、····································1912.電氣·············
69、;··················································
70、;······1912.1車(chē)間用電情況··········································
71、;················1912.2車(chē)間用電要求································
72、;··························1913.給排水······················
73、83;···········································1913.1生產(chǎn)用水情況概述····&
74、#183;·················································1
75、913.2生產(chǎn)用水要求················································&
76、#183;·········1913.3排水系統(tǒng)的劃分······································
77、··················2014暖通·······························
78、······································2014.1生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn)及工作環(huán)境的說(shuō)明·········
79、·····································2014.2車(chē)間暖通要求···········
80、···············································2015.消防··
81、;··················································
82、;·················2015.1發(fā)酵車(chē)間生產(chǎn)特性概述······························&
83、#183;···················2015.2發(fā)酵車(chē)間消防要求····························
84、;··························2016.車(chē)間維修······················
85、183;·········································2117.環(huán)境保護(hù)·······
86、;··················································
87、;·······2117.1生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中三廢排放情況········································
88、········2117.2處理方案········································
89、183;·····················2118.工業(yè)衛(wèi)生及安全防護(hù)··························
90、··························2118.1生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn)······················
91、183;·······································2118.2工業(yè)衛(wèi)生及安全防護(hù)要求·······
92、83;········································2119.節(jié)能········
93、183;·················································
94、183;··········2119.1能耗分析·····································
95、3;························2119.2節(jié)能措施························
96、······································2220.設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)··········
97、83;·················································
98、83;···2221.參考文獻(xiàn)·············································
99、···················22任 務(wù) 書(shū)課題:年產(chǎn)300噸慶大霉素發(fā)酵車(chē)間的工藝設(shè)計(jì)一、課題的目的、意義:1、通過(guò)該課程的學(xué)習(xí)將化工原理、工程制圖、藥劑學(xué)、制藥工程等方面的知識(shí)有機(jī)地聯(lián)系在一起并用于實(shí)際生產(chǎn)設(shè)計(jì)中,鞏固已學(xué)的知識(shí)。2、掌握制藥工程設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)、步驟和方法,完成制藥工程中某單元反應(yīng)或局部車(chē)間的初步設(shè)計(jì),為以后的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)打下基礎(chǔ)。3、通過(guò)模擬工程設(shè)計(jì),了解工程設(shè)計(jì)的一般過(guò)程,學(xué)會(huì)收集數(shù)
100、據(jù)、查找手冊(cè)、工藝計(jì)算、罐體設(shè)計(jì)以及車(chē)間設(shè)計(jì)平面圖設(shè)計(jì),掌握工程設(shè)計(jì)中物料衡算、能量衡算,設(shè)備計(jì)算等計(jì)算。二、制藥工程課程設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容和要求:課程設(shè)計(jì)是制藥工程課程中綜合性和實(shí)踐性較強(qiáng)的環(huán)節(jié),要求學(xué)生能利用本課程與前修課程的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),了解工程設(shè)計(jì)的基本內(nèi)容,掌握藥廠設(shè)計(jì)的基本步驟和方法,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合應(yīng)用知識(shí)解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生工程實(shí)際理念和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目茖W(xué)作風(fēng)。本課程包含課程涉及的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),包括工藝設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)、工藝路線的選擇、物料衡算或能量衡算或主體設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及選型等,并繪制帶控制點(diǎn)工藝流程圖或車(chē)間平面布置圖或主體設(shè)備圖。 三、設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)及圖紙要求:1、設(shè)計(jì)工作量要求:應(yīng)按設(shè)計(jì)工作安排圓滿(mǎn)完
101、成設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù),完成一張a1設(shè)計(jì)圖紙,編寫(xiě)課程設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū);2、說(shuō)明書(shū)及圖紙質(zhì)量要求:設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)應(yīng)包括設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)、工藝路線的選擇、物料衡算或能量衡算或主體設(shè)備計(jì)算及選型等,參考文獻(xiàn)等相關(guān)內(nèi)容,做到條理清楚,論據(jù)充分,計(jì)算詳實(shí)。 圖紙要求布局合理,線條清晰,粗實(shí)分明,圖例圖標(biāo)符合設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范。年產(chǎn)300噸慶大霉素發(fā)酵車(chē)間的工藝設(shè)計(jì)1.設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)及設(shè)計(jì)原則1.1設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)1.1.1 主要文件:設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū) 1.1.2 主要技術(shù)資料 1、設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)指標(biāo)本設(shè)計(jì)主要以相關(guān)的發(fā)酵技術(shù)工藝、培養(yǎng)基配方、工藝流程等過(guò)程為基礎(chǔ)和參考,來(lái)進(jìn)行對(duì)年產(chǎn)300噸慶大霉素工程發(fā)酵車(chē)間工藝的設(shè)計(jì)。主要設(shè)計(jì)的參考參數(shù)如下: (1)、發(fā)酵系統(tǒng)(
102、產(chǎn)量300噸/年) 發(fā)酵單位:1400(u/ml) 成品單位:600(u/mg) 發(fā)酵周期:136(h) 發(fā)酵熱:5500 (kcal/m3h ) 裝料系數(shù):75%(發(fā)酵罐) 65%(一級(jí)種子罐) 70%(二級(jí)種子罐) 總收率:70% 染菌率:3% 年工作日:330(天) 發(fā)酵液粘度:50(cp) 發(fā)酵液重度:1050(kg/m3) (2)、無(wú)菌空氣處理系統(tǒng) 空氣處理量:550(m3 / min) 空壓機(jī)出口壓力:0.250.3(mpa) 進(jìn)罐空氣溫度:4045 進(jìn)總過(guò)濾器的相對(duì)濕度:60% 空氣潔凈度:100級(jí) (3)、連續(xù)滅菌系統(tǒng) 培養(yǎng)基滅菌處理量:20(m3/h) 連消滅菌溫度:135
103、(4)、后處理車(chē)間 提取總收率:70%計(jì)算。2、培養(yǎng)基配比主要原料:黃豆餅粉,淀粉,葡萄糖; 主要輔料:氯化鈉,硝酸鈉,酵母粉,碳酸鈣,蛋白胨,淀粉酶,消沫油等。培養(yǎng)基配比原料名稱(chēng)一級(jí)種子罐培養(yǎng)基配比%二級(jí)種子罐培養(yǎng)基配比%發(fā)酵罐培養(yǎng)基配比%全料培養(yǎng)基配比%稀料培養(yǎng)基配比%黃豆餅粉3.02.53.53.52.5葡萄糖0.50.50.5淀粉2.52.56.06.53.0氯化鈉0.40.360.4氯化鈷0.0010.001硝酸鈉0.10.10.1酵母粉0.10.1碳酸鈣0.60.40.40.40.4蛋白胨2.01.5硫酸亞鐵0.0075磷酸二氫鉀0.005淀粉酶(kg)0.1%淀粉量0.1%淀粉量
104、0.1%淀粉量玉米漿(l/ m3)消沫油42.670.413、補(bǔ)料量補(bǔ)氨水量:8 l/m3發(fā)酵液體積;補(bǔ)氫氧化鈉量:1.52.0 l/m3發(fā)酵液體積;加消沫油量:4 l/ m3發(fā)酵液體積;補(bǔ)全料量:370 l/ m3發(fā)酵液體積;補(bǔ)稀料量:200 l/ m3發(fā)酵液體積。4、接種量(1) 一級(jí)種子罐至二級(jí)種子罐按15%計(jì)算;(2) 二級(jí)種子罐至發(fā)酵罐按15%計(jì)算。5、培養(yǎng)基滅菌(1) 一級(jí)種子罐及二級(jí)種子罐培養(yǎng)基采用實(shí)罐滅菌;(2) 發(fā)酵、全料、稀料采用連續(xù)滅菌;(3) 氫氧化鈉、消沫油采用實(shí)灌滅菌;(4) 氨水采用過(guò)濾除菌。6、移種及補(bǔ)料方式(1) 一級(jí)種子罐至二級(jí)種子罐移種設(shè)置一分配站;(2)
105、 二級(jí)種子罐至發(fā)酵罐設(shè)置一分配站;(3) 滅菌的發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)基、全料、稀料至發(fā)酵罐設(shè)置一分配站;(4) 氫氧化鈉至各發(fā)酵罐設(shè)置一分配站;(5) 消沫油至各發(fā)酵罐設(shè)置一分配站;(6) 氨水貯罐為每一發(fā)酵罐各設(shè)一臺(tái)。7、裝料系數(shù)一級(jí)種子罐:65%,二級(jí)種子罐:70%,發(fā)酵罐:75%8、通氣量一級(jí)種子罐:2(vvm),二級(jí)種子罐:1.5 (vvm),發(fā)酵罐:0.8(vvm) 9、轉(zhuǎn)速范圍一級(jí)種子罐:60300(rpm),二級(jí)種子罐:60240(rpm)發(fā)酵罐:60130(rpm)10、培養(yǎng)時(shí)間一級(jí)種子罐:64小時(shí),二級(jí)種子罐:56小時(shí),發(fā)酵罐:136小時(shí) 11、工藝參數(shù)控制要求發(fā)酵系統(tǒng):各罐通氣量,罐溫
106、,溶氧,攪拌轉(zhuǎn)速現(xiàn)場(chǎng)集中顯示/控制,上位機(jī)設(shè)置在控制室。要求如下: 灌壓現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指示;液位報(bào)警指示,手動(dòng)加消泡劑; 罐溫控制:5 m3 罐及以下采用自動(dòng)控制,5 m3 罐以上采用加熱、冷卻手動(dòng)切換,冷卻自動(dòng)控制,加熱手動(dòng)控制; 空氣流量:種子罐用轉(zhuǎn)子流量計(jì)檢測(cè),發(fā)酵罐用渦輪流量計(jì)檢測(cè)記錄; 溶氧:監(jiān)測(cè)記錄,通過(guò)手動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)攪拌轉(zhuǎn)速、調(diào)節(jié)空氣流量調(diào)節(jié)溶氧; 自動(dòng)補(bǔ)料:補(bǔ)料采用氣動(dòng)隔膜閥計(jì)算機(jī)控制; 轉(zhuǎn)速顯示及變頻調(diào)速。連消系統(tǒng):溫度、物料流量連鎖控制??諝庀到y(tǒng):溫度自動(dòng)控制。12、生產(chǎn)用水要求 發(fā)酵工廠生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的水可分為工藝用水與冷卻用水。工藝用水一般指配料水和用于制備軟水、無(wú)鹽水等一次水,其質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
107、接近于城市自來(lái)水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。罐冷。蒸發(fā)濃縮的操作、溶酶蒸餾回收、空壓系統(tǒng)冷卻均需要大量冷卻水,所用冷卻水須循環(huán)使用,冷卻水的溫度根據(jù)工藝要求選取。 自來(lái)水:常溫,0.3(mpa),用于配料、夏天實(shí)罐滅菌的前期冷卻、清洗設(shè)備等; 循環(huán)水:2023(t=3),0.3(mpa),用于連續(xù)滅菌培養(yǎng)基冷卻,空氣冷卻,發(fā)酵控溫冷卻; 低溫水:914(t=5),0.3(mpa),用于夏天空氣后級(jí)冷卻及發(fā)酵控溫冷卻; 冷鹽水:-100(t=10),0.3(mpa),用于料液冷卻保溫。13、生產(chǎn)用蒸汽要求 發(fā)酵車(chē)間用汽壓力0.3(mpa)14、排水系統(tǒng)的劃分 給排水系統(tǒng)可分為兩種,一種是排放水指標(biāo)達(dá)到排放要求可直接排
108、放的水,另一種是含有雜質(zhì)及毒性物質(zhì)較多達(dá)不到直接排放要求的水,須經(jīng)過(guò)廢水回收站處理后方可排放。1.2設(shè)計(jì)原則1、加強(qiáng)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)作比較,善于從實(shí)際出發(fā)去分析研究問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)以達(dá)到或超過(guò)國(guó)內(nèi)同類(lèi)型工廠生產(chǎn)實(shí)際平均先進(jìn)水平為宜。2、解放思想,積極采用新技術(shù),力求設(shè)計(jì)在技術(shù)上具有現(xiàn)實(shí)性和先進(jìn)性,在經(jīng)濟(jì)上具有合理性。3、設(shè)計(jì)必須結(jié)合實(shí)際,因地制宜,體現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)的通用性和獨(dú)特性相結(jié)合的原則,并適當(dāng)留有發(fā)展余地。4、發(fā)酵工廠設(shè)計(jì)還應(yīng)考慮采用微生物發(fā)酵的工廠的獨(dú)特要求,既要注意到周?chē)沫h(huán)境清潔衛(wèi)生狀況,又要注意到對(duì)工廠內(nèi)車(chē)間之間對(duì)衛(wèi)生、無(wú)菌、防火等條件的相互影響。2.產(chǎn)品方案2.1 產(chǎn)品規(guī)格化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)
109、:略分子式、分子量:抗生素r1r2分子式分子量慶大霉素c1ch3nhch3c21h43n5o7477.12慶大霉素c2hnh2c19h39n5o7449.26慶大霉素c1ach3nh2c20h41n5o7463.10技術(shù)規(guī)格及質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)見(jiàn)下表技術(shù)規(guī)格及質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)項(xiàng)目 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)美國(guó)藥典(23版)c.f.r性狀白色或類(lèi)白色粉末生物效價(jià)(干)590m/mg鑒別呈正反應(yīng)比旋度+107°+121°干燥失重18.0%(110真空,3hr)酸度ph: 3.5-5.5熾灼殘?jiān)?.0%甲醇含量1.0%熱源1.7內(nèi)毒素單位/mg慶大堿12000u/mg合格無(wú)菌合格(內(nèi)控)異常毒物1200 u/ml合格
110、降壓物質(zhì)2000u/kg合格重金屬20 ppm鈣離子5m/萬(wàn)單位鎂離子5m/萬(wàn)單位有效期5年2.2產(chǎn)品主要物性慶大霉素是堿性抗生素,臨床上常用其硫酸鹽。硫酸慶大霉素為白色或微黃白色的粉末,無(wú)臭,對(duì)光、空氣、廣泛ph及熱穩(wěn)定(在ph 4、60保存35180天,對(duì)溶液的效價(jià)影響不大,在ph 4以下,其效價(jià)降低8%30%),有吸濕性。易溶于水,不溶于乙醇、丙酮、氯仿、乙醚及苯。慶大霉素是一種殺菌力較強(qiáng)的廣譜抗生素,對(duì)多種g+和g-菌均有較強(qiáng)的抗菌作用,特別是銅綠假單胞菌比卡那霉素和新霉素強(qiáng)510倍(但不及多粘菌素e),對(duì)金黃色葡萄球菌有良好的抗菌作用。在臨床上主要適用于敗血癥,呼吸道感染,尿路感染,
111、眼、耳、鼻、喉部感染,治療嚴(yán)重大面積燒傷,手術(shù)后的感染以及作為腹部手術(shù)前的腸道消毒,均有一定的療效。慶大霉素因使用劑量小,毒副反應(yīng)較新霉素、卡那霉素為輕。2.3 分析方法 按2010年版中華人民共和國(guó)藥典(第二部)查出慶大霉素的分析方法為:1. 取本品約50mg,加水1ml溶解后,加1n hcl 2ml,在水浴中加熱10分鐘,加2n naoh 2 ml與2%乙酰丙酮的水溶液1ml,置水浴中加熱5分鐘冷卻后,加對(duì)二甲基苯甲醛試劑1ml,即顯淡粉紅色。2. 取本品約5mg,加水1ml溶解后,加0.1%茚三酮的水飽和亞丁醇溶液1ml與吡啶0.5ml,在水浴中加熱5分鐘即顯藍(lán)紫色。3. 硫酸根鑒別反應(yīng)
112、:1) 加氯化鋇有白色沉淀。2) 加醋酸鉛。3) 加鹽酸不生成白色沉淀。3.生產(chǎn)方法及工藝流程3.1生產(chǎn)方法生物合成慶大霉素的可能途徑如下: d-葡萄糖2-脫氧青蟹肌醇2-脫氧青蟹醇胺 d-葡萄糖胺 巴龍胺 2-脫氧鏈霉胺 慶大霉素a c-甲基化和差向異構(gòu)化 慶大x2 脫氧氨基化l-甲基化 抗生素ji-20a 抗生素g418 脫氧 脫氧,氨基化 慶大霉素c1a 抗生素ji-20b n-甲基化 脫氧差向異構(gòu)化 慶大霉素c2b 慶大霉素c2 n-甲基化 慶大霉素c1 注:本設(shè)計(jì)所采用的工藝路線為先從沙土管中取出孢子接種到原斜面上(或從液氮保存的孢子接種到原斜面上),7天后接合格種子到代1斜面上,6
113、天后接白色豐滿(mǎn)的菌落到搖瓶中,29.5h后接6-8瓶搖瓶種子到小罐中,并經(jīng)中罐種子擴(kuò)大培養(yǎng)后接到發(fā)酵罐中,接種方法為單種,放罐后至后處理車(chē)間。3.2工藝過(guò)程3.2.1工藝流程框圖注:本框圖僅為發(fā)酵部分(設(shè)備參數(shù)供參考)小罐種子培養(yǎng)36±0.5,24-30h轉(zhuǎn)速60-300rpm,攪拌功率5.5kw通氣量2m3/min,罐壓0.03mpa液氮保藏(-196)沙土管保藏(2-4)斜面培養(yǎng)恒溫恒濕35-36,7天原斜面孢子斜面培養(yǎng)恒溫恒濕34-35,6天斜面孢子(代1)搖瓶培養(yǎng)33-34,39.5hr轉(zhuǎn)速250rpm裝量80ml/750ml接種量一塊斜面/瓶50-64hr搖瓶種子小罐種子中
114、罐種子培養(yǎng)36±0.5,25hr轉(zhuǎn)速60-240rpm接種量15%通氣量1.5vvm罐壓0.03mpa攪拌功率22kw中罐種子大罐發(fā)酵36±0.5,136hr轉(zhuǎn)速60-130rpm接種量15%通氣量0.75vvm罐壓0.04mpa攪拌功率115kw接種量10%裝料60%大罐發(fā)酵液提煉車(chē)間3.2.2工藝流程說(shuō)明工藝特點(diǎn):本工藝工程為三級(jí)發(fā)酵,小罐 -中罐-大罐。中罐、小罐培養(yǎng)時(shí)間短,培養(yǎng)基一次投入,中間不補(bǔ)料,大罐考慮到各種由于底物濃度過(guò)高引起的底物抑制情況以及產(chǎn)物合成期對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的需求,采用中間補(bǔ)料。主要補(bǔ)全料、補(bǔ)稀料、補(bǔ)氨水、通過(guò)氫氧化鈉調(diào)節(jié)ph,手動(dòng)加消沫油,在種子階段
115、,對(duì)無(wú)菌要求較高。補(bǔ)料情況:、 補(bǔ)全料: 一個(gè)發(fā)酵周期約補(bǔ)3次。每噸發(fā)酵液約補(bǔ)370l全料。從發(fā)酵20小時(shí)開(kāi)始補(bǔ)全料,至30小時(shí)時(shí)結(jié)束。根據(jù)發(fā)酵液還原糖含量水平控制具體補(bǔ)全料體積及時(shí)間。、 補(bǔ)稀料:一個(gè)發(fā)酵周期補(bǔ)2次左右。每噸發(fā)酵液約補(bǔ)200l稀料。 自發(fā)酵40小時(shí)后開(kāi)始補(bǔ)稀料,根據(jù)發(fā)酵液還原糖含量水平控制,保持還原糖濃度大于等于2.6g/100ml。、 補(bǔ)氨水:自發(fā)酵33小時(shí)開(kāi)始補(bǔ)氨水,每4小時(shí)補(bǔ)一次,每次10-15l,使發(fā)酵液中氨氮濃度不低于45mg/100ml。、 補(bǔ)油:手動(dòng)加入。、 補(bǔ)氫氧化鈉:調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)酵液ph,與ph環(huán)控,保持發(fā)酵液ph在6.8-7.2之間。中間取樣分析:1、小罐:培養(yǎng)
116、4小時(shí)后取樣分析,測(cè)ph、氨氮、效價(jià)、菌絲濃度等。2、中罐:培養(yǎng)4小時(shí)后取樣分析,測(cè)ph、氨氮、效價(jià)、菌絲濃度等。3、大罐:培養(yǎng)14小時(shí)后開(kāi)始取樣分析,每4小時(shí)取樣測(cè)ph、氨氮,每8小時(shí)取一次樣,分析全糖、氨氮、ph、還原糖、效價(jià)等。培養(yǎng)20小時(shí)后取樣加無(wú)菌肉湯,4小時(shí)后取無(wú)菌斜面,37恒溫培養(yǎng),放罐前涂片鏡檢。異常發(fā)酵處理:1、 中罐、小罐染菌一般采取放罐措施。2、 大罐染菌,若在接種后不久即在發(fā)酵前期,可將培養(yǎng)基返回連消系統(tǒng)重新消毒;若在中后期,對(duì)發(fā)酵影響較大的,倒罐,影響較小的,可采用降溫,一般降至32培養(yǎng),并將別的大罐發(fā)酵液倒一部分進(jìn)去,加強(qiáng)生長(zhǎng)菌的優(yōu)勢(shì)抑制雜菌的生長(zhǎng)。3、 發(fā)酵中遇空
117、氣精過(guò)濾器阻塞,空氣流量下降,過(guò)濾器兩端壓差增大,可立即調(diào)換過(guò)濾器內(nèi)芯。3.3設(shè)備框圖 預(yù)過(guò)濾器 精過(guò)濾器 一級(jí)種子罐 蒸汽過(guò)濾器二級(jí)空氣過(guò)濾器 預(yù)過(guò)濾器 精過(guò)濾器 二級(jí)種子罐 蒸汽過(guò)濾器 預(yù)過(guò)濾器 精過(guò)濾器 發(fā)酵罐空氣總過(guò)濾器 蒸汽過(guò)濾器 氨水罐二級(jí)空氣過(guò)濾器 預(yù)過(guò)濾器 精過(guò)濾器 naoh罐 蒸汽過(guò)濾器 消沫油罐 全料罐 稀料罐3.4 生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn)發(fā)酵生產(chǎn)一般要經(jīng)過(guò)復(fù)雜的反應(yīng)歷程,這對(duì)反應(yīng)條件的控制要求很高,稍有偏差,就可能得不到有用的產(chǎn)物,嚴(yán)重的還會(huì)染菌。發(fā)酵也是一個(gè)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程,各步反應(yīng)都需要一定的反應(yīng)時(shí)間,往往需要一定的溫度、壓力、溶氧水平和ph,這就要求控制調(diào)節(jié)的持續(xù)性與速度的靈敏性,
118、需在幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)對(duì)發(fā)酵過(guò)程進(jìn)行連續(xù)的監(jiān)控。發(fā)酵車(chē)間不涉及提煉,蒸汽和酸堿用量很大,不適用有機(jī)溶媒,故原料、中間體、產(chǎn)品無(wú)毒性,車(chē)間內(nèi)環(huán)境無(wú)易燃易爆。3.5 工藝介質(zhì)的腐蝕性發(fā)酵流程對(duì)管道要求較高,根據(jù)管道中的料液的腐蝕性、毒性等特性,以及對(duì)無(wú)菌度的要求,要選擇不同等級(jí)及材質(zhì)的管道。管道等級(jí)及材料選用表典型介質(zhì)管道等級(jí)生活用水、工業(yè)用水、低壓消防水、循環(huán)冷卻水b1b蒸汽、熱水、冷凝水b1e一般工藝介質(zhì)(非易燃、易爆的中心物料)、排氣(無(wú)腐蝕性)b1m一般易燃、易爆、有毒、刺激性物料(氯氣、甲醇、油品等)b1n潔凈物品(純水、過(guò)濾壓縮空氣、無(wú)菌物料等)e1d3.6帶控制點(diǎn)的工藝流程圖設(shè)計(jì)思想:發(fā)酵是
119、一個(gè)復(fù)雜的工藝過(guò)程,常要一定的溫度、壓力、ph、轉(zhuǎn)速,同時(shí)通過(guò)這些參數(shù)也可監(jiān)測(cè)發(fā)酵情況,及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)異常情況,也可結(jié)合自動(dòng)化儀表裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)部分自動(dòng)控制,另外設(shè)置流量記錄控制點(diǎn)檢測(cè)流量,人工調(diào)節(jié)。各罐通氣量,罐溫,溶氧,攪拌轉(zhuǎn)速現(xiàn)場(chǎng)集中顯示/控制,上位機(jī)設(shè)置在控制室。要求如下: 灌壓現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指示; 液位報(bào)警指示,手動(dòng)加消泡劑; 罐溫控制:5 m3 罐及以下采用自動(dòng)控制,5 m3 罐以上采用加熱、冷卻手動(dòng)切換,冷卻自動(dòng)控制,加熱手動(dòng)控制; 空氣流量:種子罐用轉(zhuǎn)子流量計(jì)檢測(cè),發(fā)酵罐用渦輪流量計(jì)檢測(cè)記錄; 溶氧:監(jiān)測(cè)記錄,通過(guò)手動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)攪拌轉(zhuǎn)速、調(diào)節(jié)空氣流量調(diào)節(jié)溶氧; 自動(dòng)補(bǔ)料:補(bǔ)料采用氣動(dòng)隔膜閥計(jì)算機(jī)控制; 轉(zhuǎn)
120、速顯示及變頻調(diào)速; 連消系統(tǒng):溫度、物料流量連鎖控制; 空氣系統(tǒng):溫度自動(dòng)控制。4.原料及中間產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)規(guī)格原料及中間產(chǎn)品技術(shù)規(guī)格序號(hào)名稱(chēng)規(guī)格分析方法用途備注1葡萄糖化學(xué)純碘量法斜面、搖瓶培養(yǎng)基2葡萄糖工業(yè)用碘量法各罐用碳源、能源又稱(chēng)右旋糖3黃豆餅粉工業(yè)用1、 測(cè)定水分及揮發(fā)物含量2、 測(cè)定灰分3、 凱氏定氮法測(cè)定總氮量4、 折光法測(cè)油含量5、 精纖維及重金屬含量用作氮源含油量高4豆油工業(yè)用1、 用灼燒殘?jiān)y(cè)含磷量2、 用koh標(biāo)準(zhǔn)液滴定效價(jià)消泡劑無(wú)懸浮物、雜物等5碳酸鈣工業(yè)用用反滴定法測(cè)定,想加入過(guò)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)hcl溶液,再用naoh標(biāo)定調(diào)節(jié)ph不溶于水6淀粉工業(yè)用/各罐用碳源、能源7硝酸鈉化學(xué)
121、純/無(wú)機(jī)鹽8酵母粉工業(yè)用/9蛋白胨工業(yè)用/10硫酸亞鐵化學(xué)純/無(wú)機(jī)鹽11淀粉酶化學(xué)純/水解淀粉12氨水工業(yè)用酸堿滴定法調(diào)節(jié)ph有特殊臭味13磷酸二氫鉀工業(yè)用取樣2.5g加入水10ml溶解,加入nacl溶液20ml后加酚酞用naoh滴定用作無(wú)機(jī)鹽易受潮14氯化鈉化學(xué)純?nèi)蛹s0.12g加水50ml溶解,加2%糊精液5ml與熒光黃指示液5-8滴,用agno3滴定,5.84mgnacl/1mlagno3提供無(wú)機(jī)鹽又稱(chēng)精鹽15氯化鈷化學(xué)純酸性條件下加入碘化鉀,折算為鈷量相當(dāng)?shù)牡?,再以硫代硫酸鈉反滴定有利于維生素b12合成含六分結(jié)晶水16工業(yè)用水自來(lái)水1、 ph計(jì)測(cè)ph2、 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)堿液測(cè)定co2含量3、 用
122、na2b4o2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)堿液滴定co2含量(總堿度)4、 溶氧測(cè)定,堿性條件下使mn2+氧化酸性條件下使之還原,同時(shí)氧化i-生成i2,用硫代硫酸鈉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)液滴定5、 銀量法測(cè)定氯離子6、 絡(luò)合法測(cè)定水的硬度培養(yǎng)基用水、洗滌用水等7.設(shè)備計(jì)算及選型原則7.1設(shè)備衡算 如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,設(shè)備皆采用不銹鋼材。大罐7臺(tái)每天放兩罐,一臺(tái)備用;中罐4臺(tái),每天接種一臺(tái)至大罐,一臺(tái)備用;小罐4臺(tái),每天接種一臺(tái)至中罐,一臺(tái)備用。7.1.1大罐1. 內(nèi)徑與桶高設(shè),; 解得:圓整: ;取h=7500mm2. 壁厚筒體16mm,封頭18mm3. 人孔為方便人員進(jìn)出,取dg600視鏡:dg1254. 傳熱采用外盤(pán)管和內(nèi)排管結(jié)合傳熱k=375kcal/m2hr發(fā)酵熱較大,較小,用9-14的低溫水發(fā)酵溫度為36a:外盤(pán)管取dn100,108×3半剖管,間距1.5d,盤(pán)n圈,高約4m。1.5(n-1)d=4 其中d=0.108 取n=27,分為3組。b:內(nèi)排管取dn6576×3管,間距1.5d,每組二進(jìn)二出高約5.65m,組數(shù),取4組。 所以,。因?yàn)?,所以是適合的。c:管徑大罐設(shè)備選型與計(jì)算匯總:(1) 選型:d=3500mm,h=8700mm,v0=76.51m3,人孔取600mm,視鏡dg=12
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