暑假－精講精練PPT學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1暑假精講精練暑假精講精練Admittedly, there are several advertisements do tell the truth. In order to increase companys sales and profits, many companies choose to make advertisements honestly. Take Ford for an excellent example, company once promised all their cars installed four airbags and designed solid m

2、etal outer shell. In fact, in order to ensure drivers safety. When the accidents was happened, the four airbags will blows open automatically. However, those advertisements only take a fewer proportion in the numerous advertisements.第1頁/共148頁托福寫作總覽Integrated writing and Independent writing第2頁/共148頁文

3、章結(jié)構(gòu)：文章分為開頭段，主體段，結(jié)尾段。主體段最好寫3 段。加上開頭，結(jié)尾總共5 段。 字?jǐn)?shù)分配：總體字?jǐn)?shù)：350-400 字。開頭30+結(jié)尾15=45字。主體段平均每段100 字。第3頁/共148頁時(shí)間分配：總共30分鐘。開頭3 分鐘。結(jié)尾2 分鐘。中間每段7 分鐘。3*7=21分鐘。3+2+21=26分鐘。2 分鐘審題列提綱。2分鐘檢查。第4頁/共148頁開頭段Introduction主體段Sub-point 1 （解釋+例子+細(xì)節(jié)）Sub-point 2 （解釋+例子+細(xì)節(jié)）Sub-point 3 （解釋+例子+細(xì)節(jié)）結(jié)尾段Conclusion第5頁/共148頁第6頁/共148頁第7頁/

4、共148頁第8頁/共148頁解題思路利弊分析，利弊-難以比較現(xiàn)象證明，今夕對(duì)比絕對(duì)詞，條件，成功，幸福，政府投資第9頁/共148頁單一題干復(fù)合題干第10頁/共148頁利弊類事實(shí)類第11頁/共148頁利弊類的定義第12頁/共148頁事實(shí)類的定義第13頁/共148頁利弊類與現(xiàn)象證明的區(qū)分第14頁/共148頁利弊類與現(xiàn)象證明的區(qū)分第15頁/共148頁Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? To improve the quality of education, university should spend more money o

5、n professors salary. Agree: 1.Enthusiasm2. More top professors engage in3. A guarantee for teachers lives第16頁/共148頁Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? To improve the quality of education, university should spend more money on professors salary. Disagree: 1.Less investment in equipm

6、ents2. An increase in tuition fee3. Other factors are more important第17頁/共148頁Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? Many teachers assign homework to students every day. Do you think that daily homework is necessary for students? Agree: 1.Help students review the knowledge2. Foster a

7、good habits3. Lead a correct direction第18頁/共148頁包含比較的題目第19頁/共148頁Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? It is better to travel abroad than to travel domestically.Teachers now have more influence on their students than they were in the past. Parents should spend more time playing games

8、 or doing sports with their children or they should spend more time helping their children with their schoolwork. 第20頁/共148頁包含寬泛詞抽象詞的題目第21頁/共148頁Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? People should not pay for public transportation.如果不拆分Agree:1.governments duty2.save money3.第22頁/共148頁

9、Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? People should not pay for public transportation.people:1. Consider students2. Consider adults3. Consider elders第23頁/共148頁Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? People should not pay for public transportation.Public transportation:1

10、. Bus and subway2. Taxi3. airplane第24頁/共148頁Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? Teachers now have more influence on their students than they were in the past.teachers:1. primary school teachers2. secondary school teachers3. college school professors第25頁/共148頁常見對(duì)people的拆分：1.Age：prim

11、ary school students secondary school students college students 2.Age: children adults elders第26頁/共148頁常見對(duì)people的拆分：3.Career and Position： businessmen leaders and supervisors scientists and researchers great people第27頁/共148頁事實(shí)類的定義第28頁/共148頁利弊類與現(xiàn)象證明的區(qū)分第29頁/共148頁Do you agree or disagree with the follow

12、ingstatement? Advertisements make products seem better than they really are.Agree:1.conceal some drawbacks and side effects of the products. 2. celebrities endorsement makes the advertisements look like much more fascinating . 3. cutting-edge technology help perfect the products. 第30頁/共148頁Do you ag

13、ree or disagree with the followingstatement? Participating activities in organization and clubs is as important as academic study for students.1.After-school activities give students a chance to develop skills beyond academics.2.extracurricular activities also help students learn how to apply things

14、 learned in the classroom to real life.3.extracurricular activities are the most useful for college applications.第31頁/共148頁包含絕對(duì)詞的題目第32頁/共148頁The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teachers salary.解題策略：承認(rèn)合理性，反駁絕對(duì)詞。1. 誠然你有好，但絕對(duì)不是最好。2. 其他比你更好。3. 其他比你更好。/ 你也有不好/ 無關(guān) Admittedly, t

15、eachers passion can be motivated to some extent by granting them more salary. However, is still an overstatement.To begin with, the quality of teachers plays a bigger role in students academic performance.Thirdly, updating school facilities is also advisable, such as equipping classrooms with projec

16、tors, Smart board and microphones etc.第33頁/共148頁 因果關(guān)系類因果關(guān)系類 條件關(guān)系類條件關(guān)系類第34頁/共148頁Intro1body234con5Intro1body23con4第35頁/共148頁Intro1body234con5Intro1body23con4第36頁/共148頁第37頁/共148頁第38頁/共148頁第39頁/共148頁第40頁/共148頁背景題目改寫總觀點(diǎn)背景是題目產(chǎn)生的原因; 原因不可能窮盡題目改寫是靠變換位置和 換詞四類開頭：1. 普通 2. 因果 3. 讓步（絕對(duì)詞） 4. 選項(xiàng)第41頁/共148頁_背景_, nat

17、urally, many people claim that _題目改寫_. From my perspective, I agree/disagree. In order to reduce air pollution and traffic jams,In order to reduce the number of private automobiles,In order to encourage more people to use public transportation, 例1：Do you agree or disagree with the following statemen

18、t? People should not pay for public transportation.第一類：普通第一類：普通第42頁/共148頁In order to encourage more people to use public transportation, naturally, many people claim that _題目改寫_. From my perspective, I agree/disagree. public transportation should be made free to its residents例1：Do you agree or disag

19、ree with the following statement? People should not pay for public transportation.第一類：普通第一類：普通第43頁/共148頁例1：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should not pay for public transportation.In order to encourage more people to use public transportation, naturally, many people cla

20、im that public transportation should be made free to its residents. From my perspective, I agree/disagree. 第一類：普通第一類：普通第44頁/共148頁第一類：普通第一類：普通例2： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is important for government to protect wild animals and wilderness areas for future generations.e

21、xtinctionendangered animalsecosystemspecies第45頁/共148頁例2：It is important for government to protect wild animals and wilderness areas for future generations.The disappearance of natural resources affects every life on this planet, from the smallest parasite to the largest whales./A single disruption i

22、n the ecosystem can mean certain destruction for many species. /A study shows that there are millions of thousands of natural species are in danger of extinction. Naturally, many people claim that it is necessary for government to preserve wild animals and wilderness areas. From my perspective, I ag

23、ree. 第46頁/共148頁 寫作練習(xí)：People should insist on a challenging plan rather than a practical plan.A low-paid but secure job is better than a job with a high salary but easy to lose.Advertisements make the products seem better than they really are.第47頁/共148頁 小 結(jié)：滿分開頭：背景題目改寫總觀點(diǎn)第48頁/共148頁第49頁/共148頁兩種兩種結(jié)尾：結(jié)尾

24、：1. 對(duì)對(duì)總觀點(diǎn)總觀點(diǎn)的改的改寫寫 2. 總結(jié)三個(gè)總結(jié)三個(gè)分論分論點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 第50頁/共148頁例1： Government should focus more on preservation of environment rather than economic development. 第一類：對(duì)第一類：對(duì)總觀點(diǎn)總觀點(diǎn)的改寫的改寫 environmental problemsthe awareness of第51頁/共148頁例1： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Government should focus m

25、ore on preservation of environment rather than economic development. Due to the increasing environmental problems and awareness of environmental protection, naturally, many scholars and educator claim that the government should spend more money on environment rather than the development of economy.

26、From my perspective, I agree. 第一類：對(duì)總觀點(diǎn)的改寫第一類：對(duì)總觀點(diǎn)的改寫 第52頁/共148頁例1： Government should focus more on preservation of environment rather than economic development. 總觀點(diǎn)：the government should spend more money on environment rather than the development of economy. From my perspective, I agree. 結(jié)尾： All in

27、all,/ In a word,/ To sum up, I believe that _ should _ environment other than _.第一類：對(duì)總觀點(diǎn)的改寫第一類：對(duì)總觀點(diǎn)的改寫 第53頁/共148頁例1： Government should focus more on preservation of environment rather than economic development. 總觀點(diǎn)：the government should spend more money on environment rather than the development of

28、economy. From my perspective, I agree. 結(jié)尾： All in all, I believe that government should focus its budget on environment other than economy.第一類：對(duì)總觀點(diǎn)的改寫第一類：對(duì)總觀點(diǎn)的改寫 第54頁/共148頁第二類：總結(jié)三個(gè)第二類：總結(jié)三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)分論點(diǎn) 例1：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is important for government to protect wild

29、animals and wilderness areas for future generations. 開頭：A single disruption in an ecosystems delicate balance can mean certain destruction for many species. Naturally, many people claim that it is necessary for government to preserve wild animals and wilderness areas. From my perspective, I agree. 第

30、55頁/共148頁第二類：總結(jié)三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)第二類：總結(jié)三個(gè)分論點(diǎn) 例1：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is important for government to protect wild animals and wilderness areas for future generations. To begin with, the duty of government is to guarantee the safety of every species on the planet. Additionally,

31、 increasing knowledge is another practical reason for preserving animals and natural environment. Finally, the significance of global ecosystem can never be exaggerated. 第56頁/共148頁第二類：總結(jié)三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)第二類：總結(jié)三個(gè)分論點(diǎn) 例1：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is important for government to prote

32、ct wild animals and wilderness areas for future generations. 結(jié)尾： All in all, 分論點(diǎn)分論點(diǎn)1,2,3, it is never too late to carry this task. All in all, in order to guarantee the safety of every species, acquire comprehensive knowledge and protect global ecosystem for the next generations, it is never too lat

33、e to carry this task. 第57頁/共148頁 小 結(jié)：滿分結(jié)尾：1.對(duì)總觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行改寫2.重寫三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)第58頁/共148頁第59頁/共148頁 四種解題策略1. 一邊倒2. 讓步3. 有例外4. 分情況討論第60頁/共148頁 第一種解題策略一邊倒:全部是支持面的優(yōu)點(diǎn)/ 理由第61頁/共148頁Introduction Sp1: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp2: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp3: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Conclusion People now are more interested in politics than those in the past. Agr

34、ee第62頁/共148頁P(yáng)eople now are more interested in politics than those in the past. Equal right第63頁/共148頁P(yáng)eople now are more interested in politics than those in the past. universal education第64頁/共148頁P(yáng)eople now are more interested in politics than those in the past. awareness第65頁/共148頁P(yáng)eople now are mor

35、e interested in politics than those in the past. Sp1 To begin with, politics have been equal right for everyone, no matter what race or sexuality they are. Sp2 Additionally, universal education helps greatly reduce the illiterates and finally improve the citizens cultural literacy. Sp3 Finally, more

36、 and more people start realizing the importance of policies to them. 第66頁/共148頁 第二種解題策略讓步:支持面的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和反對(duì)面的缺點(diǎn)第67頁/共148頁IntroductionSp1: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp2: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp3: 反缺反缺/ 理由理由 Conclusion 注意：1.支持面優(yōu)點(diǎn)的文字大于反對(duì)面缺點(diǎn)的文字；2.有效反駁反對(duì)面的缺點(diǎn)。 第68頁/共148頁你是否同意：你是否同意：_ 應(yīng)該娶鳳姐？應(yīng)該娶鳳姐？第69頁/共148頁你是否同意：你是否同意：_ 應(yīng)該娶鳳姐？應(yīng)該娶鳳姐？Introd

37、uctionSp1: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp2: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp3: 反缺反缺/ 理由理由 Conclusion Sp1 Sister Feng is a good wife. Sp2 Sister Feng is rich. Sp3 Admittedly, awful outside. However, plastic surgery.Sp3 Admittedly, awful outside. However, be secondary.Sp3 Admittedly, awful outside. However, safety.第70頁/共148頁如何進(jìn)行有效反駁：如何進(jìn)

38、行有效反駁： 1. 合理解決（reasonable solution） 2. 次要方面（minor） 3. 轉(zhuǎn)化視角（viewed from a different perspective） 第71頁/共148頁反駁語料：反駁語料： 合理解決： Admittedly, does have one or two drawbacks/ disadvantages.+適當(dāng)展開. However, + 合理解決 次要方面： Admittedly, does have one or two drawbacks/ disadvantages.+適當(dāng)展開. However, on balance, is a

39、 minor consideration./ seems to be secondary. 轉(zhuǎn)化視角： If viewed from a different perspective, + 轉(zhuǎn)化視角 第72頁/共148頁 第三種解題策略有例外:支持面的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和反對(duì)面的優(yōu)點(diǎn)第73頁/共148頁IntroductionSp1: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp2: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp3: 反優(yōu)反優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Conclusion 注意：1.支持面優(yōu)點(diǎn)的文字大于反對(duì)面優(yōu)點(diǎn)的文字；2.對(duì)反對(duì)面不進(jìn)行反駁。 第74頁/共148頁Successful people take new things and

40、take risks rather than the thing that they have done well.現(xiàn)象證明題People可以拆分如果不拆分，思路會(huì)很混亂1. 成功的人的品質(zhì)就是冒險(xiǎn)，創(chuàng)新2. 成功的人有資本冒險(xiǎn)和創(chuàng)新3. .第75頁/共148頁Successful people take new things and take risks rather than the thing that they have done well.有些時(shí)候是，有些時(shí)候不是第76頁/共148頁Successful people take new things and take risks ra

41、ther than the thing that they have done well.IntroductionSp1: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp2: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp3: 反優(yōu)反優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Conclusion 注意：1.支持面優(yōu)點(diǎn)的文字大于反對(duì)面優(yōu)點(diǎn)的文字；2.對(duì)反對(duì)面不進(jìn)行反駁。 peopleBusinessmenGreat people Other fields第77頁/共148頁Successful people take new things and take risks rather than the thing that they have done well

42、.IntroductionSp1: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp2: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp3: 反優(yōu)反優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Conclusion 注意：1.支持面優(yōu)點(diǎn)的文字大于反對(duì)面優(yōu)點(diǎn)的文字；2.對(duì)反對(duì)面不進(jìn)行反駁。 For businessmen, the key to remain success is to keep changing and take risks.For great people, the ability to take new things and risks play an extremely important role in success.Finally, t

43、he exceptions do exist. Other fields. 第78頁/共148頁 第四種解題策略分情況討論:分年齡/職業(yè)/方式/地點(diǎn)。第79頁/共148頁IntroductionSp1: 第一種情況第一種情況Sp2:第二種情況第二種情況Sp3:第三種情況第三種情況Conclusion 注意：1.觀點(diǎn)的數(shù)字比例為 1: 1: 1第80頁/共148頁2012-09-15 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Teachers performance should be evaluated by students

44、 rather than by other teachers. Intro In order to improve education quality and establish well-rounded educational evaluation system, naturally, many educators and scholars claim that teachers performance should be assessed by students instead of other teachers. From my perspective, whether this met

45、hod is practical or not should depend on students age. 第81頁/共148頁2012-09-15 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Teachers performance should be evaluated by students rather than by other teachers. SP1 For primary school students, it is not necessary for them to express their opinio

46、ns about their teachers. SP2 For middle school and high school, some sort of evaluation system should be instituted. SP3 For college students, student evaluation system will bring long-term benefits to educational improvement. 第82頁/共148頁 小 結(jié)：四種解題策略1. 一邊倒2. 讓步3. 有例外4. 分情況討論 第83頁/共148頁IntroductionSp1:

47、 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp2: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp3: 反缺反缺/ 理由理由 Conclusion IntroductionSp1: 第一種情況第一種情況Sp2:第二種情況第二種情況Sp3:第三種情況第三種情況Conclusion IntroductionSp1: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp2: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp3: 反優(yōu)反優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Conclusion Introduction Sp1: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp2: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Sp3: 支優(yōu)支優(yōu)/ 理由理由 Conclusion 第84頁/共148頁第85頁/共148頁切記：mutually excl

48、usive（互斥）分論點(diǎn)有交集的原因是：互為因果反例：It is easier for people to get educated today than in the past.SP1：To begin with, people have more money than those in the past.SP2：Additionally, people can afford tuition fees.SP3：At last, people have more chances to study abroad.互為因果：因?yàn)橛绣X 才能付得起學(xué)費(fèi) 所以才能出國(guó)留學(xué)第86頁/共148頁解決方案：分

49、論點(diǎn)要互斥拆分舉例1.School and Education2.Technology and Science3.Family and Society4.Health and Environment5.Government and Awareness6.Economy and Work7.Success and Leisure第87頁/共148頁It is easier to maintain good health than in the past?Education-awarenessHealth- system of health and sanitationtechnologyEcon

50、omy-incomeEnvironment-environmental destruction第88頁/共148頁GovernmentGovernment should focus more on preservation of environment rather than economic development.解題策略： A比B花錢多。 學(xué)校/ 老師/ 政府的主要職責(zé)就是 A將會(huì)帶來長(zhǎng)久利益。 誠然B也花錢/ 也很重要，但是 沒有A重要/ 花錢多/ 可以通過其他方式解決。 第89頁/共148頁Today VS. Past人權(quán)：婦女，黑人It is easier for people t

51、o get educated today than in the past.Agree:To begin with, with the radical updating of technology, education becomes more readily to be received.Additionally, due to the government backing and more attention at education, an increasing number of people can afford it with the help of local governmen

52、ts.Finally, education has been equal right for everyone, no matter what race or sexuality they are. 第90頁/共148頁 小 結(jié)：分論點(diǎn)分論點(diǎn)要互斥拆分舉例（年齡、職業(yè)）政府、今夕對(duì)比 第91頁/共148頁第92頁/共148頁展開法：因果法，比較法，例證法。學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候是由 單個(gè)方法 延伸到 幾個(gè)方法 一起用。而真正的寫作，是根據(jù)不同的題目靈活的一起運(yùn)用。第93頁/共148頁1. 因果法第94頁/共148頁其本質(zhì)問自己：那有怎樣？為什么呢？這就是為什么？第95頁/共148頁例1 證明：工業(yè)化 對(duì)

53、市民身體不好文章展開：工業(yè)發(fā)展需要大量氟利昂 導(dǎo)致臭氧空洞 人體被紫外線直射 容易得皮膚癌 市民健康受損那有怎樣？第96頁/共148頁證明：搬去新城市 會(huì) 失去老朋友文章展開： 搬去新城市 無法與老友見面溝通變少?zèng)]有共同話題 感情疏遠(yuǎn) 失去老朋友那有怎樣？第97頁/共148頁The best way to improve education quality is to raise teachers salaries.Agree:boost teachers enthusiasm pay more attention to the lesson preparation class will be

54、 more interesting and vivid students focus more on the class increase final examination scores第98頁/共148頁The best way to improve education quality is to raise teachers salaries.Disagree:less money invest in equipments and facilities fewer opportunities to participate in experimentsclass will be less

55、interesting and vivid students are less likely to focus on the class lower education quality第99頁/共148頁有些時(shí)候需要使用連接詞：由于/ 因?yàn)椋篸ue to, owing to, thanks to, because of + 短語due to the fact that, it is because, for the reason that +句子因此：thus, therefore, as a result, finally, so 第100頁/共148頁P(yáng)eople have more in

56、terest in policy than those in the past.To begin with, universal education helps greatly reduce the illiterates and finally improve the citizens cultural literacy.(TS) In the past, during the Great Depression, it is hard for people to fulfill their basic need, 那又怎樣？not to _ that they can_. 那又怎樣？Thus

57、, education always belongs to _ and very few _ know about _. However, with the development of economy, 那又怎樣？almost everyone can afford the _ to acquire comprehensive _ such as laws and _. 那又怎樣？Therefore, an increasing number of people begin having _ and _ politics such as human rights and social mec

58、hanism. (103 words)mentionafford tuition feethe richpeoplepolicyfeeknowledgeregulationsan interest incaring about第101頁/共148頁其本質(zhì)問自己：那有怎樣？為什么呢？(通常在TS之后)這就是為什么？第102頁/共148頁Government should protect wilderness areas and wild animals.Finally, the significance of global ecosystem can never be exaggerated.

59、(TS) 為什么呢？It is because trees improve the _ by trapping the _ and other _ produced by pollution. The trees would also help to prevent _ or land _ by consolidating _ and preventing _. Besides, protecting the forest 那有怎樣？means that next generations will have sufficient _ and preserving the oceans and

60、rivers那有怎樣？means that more _ the offspring can use.quality of aircarbonparticlesdesertificationdegradationsoilserosiontimber supplysea food第103頁/共148頁其本質(zhì)問自己：那有怎樣？為什么呢？這就是為什么？(總結(jié)性的語言)第104頁/共148頁Government should focus more on preservation of environment rather than economic development.Additionally,