英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解之主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)實(shí)用教案

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解(jingji)之主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)第一頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。第1頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第二頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。ti)。n主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的區(qū)別不是詞序主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的區(qū)別不是詞序的區(qū)別的區(qū)別,而是主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)意而是主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)意義上的區(qū)別。義上的區(qū)別。n在英語(yǔ)中只有及物動(dòng)詞和一在英語(yǔ)中只有及物動(dòng)詞和一些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的詞組才些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的詞組才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(y ti)的形式。的形式。n漢語(yǔ)中常用漢語(yǔ)中常用“被被”、“給給”、“由由”、“受受”等詞用來(lái)表等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)。示被動(dòng)。第2頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第三頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。第3頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第四頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。第4頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第五頁(yè)，共37

2、頁(yè)。第5頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第六頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。O 注注 p.p. p.p.表示表示(biosh)(biosh)過(guò)去分詞。過(guò)去分詞。第6頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第七頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。Tense Subject Auxiliary Past Participle Singular Plural Present The car/cars is are designed. Present perfect The car/cars has been have been designed. Past The car/cars was were designed. Past perfect The car/cars had bee

3、n had been designed. Future The car/cars will be will be designed. Future perfect The car/cars will have been will have been designed. Present progressive The car/cars is being are being designed. Past progressive The car/cars was being were being designed.第7頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第八頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。1. 一般一般(ybn)現(xiàn)在時(shí)：現(xiàn)在時(shí)： Peopl

4、e grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 第8頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第九頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。2. 一般一般(ybn)過(guò)去時(shí)：過(guò)去時(shí)： They agreed on the building of a new car

5、 factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. The students didnt forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten. 第9頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第十頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。3. 一般一般(ybn)將來(lái)時(shí)：將來(lái)時(shí)： They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. They will give plenty of job

6、s to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 第10頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第十一頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。4. 過(guò)去過(guò)去(guq)將來(lái)時(shí)：將來(lái)時(shí)： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as

7、 soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 第11頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第十二頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。5. 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在(xinzi)進(jìn)行時(shí)：進(jìn)行時(shí)： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcast on the radio. We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted. 第12頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第十三頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。6

8、. 過(guò)去過(guò)去(guq)進(jìn)行時(shí)：進(jìn)行時(shí)： Why didnt they drive there on time? Because the workers were mending the road. Because the road was being mended. This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year. 第13頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第十四頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。7. 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在(xinzi)完成時(shí)：完成時(shí)： Someone has told me the

9、sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. The price has been brought down. 第14頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第十五頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。8. 過(guò)去過(guò)去(guq)完成時(shí)：完成時(shí)： When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the t

10、ickets had already been sold out. The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader. He had been considered to be a great leader. 第15頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第十六頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。9. 含有情態(tài)含有情態(tài)(qngti)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： 含有情態(tài)含有情態(tài)(qngti)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“情態(tài)情態(tài)(qngti)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+ be+ 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去

11、分詞及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters can be written with the computer by him. 第16頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第十七頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。第17頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第十八頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。,byRice is also grown in this p

12、lace. / A railroad will be built here in three years.n強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,句尾加句尾加by短語(yǔ)。如：短語(yǔ)。如：It was written by Lu Xun./ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.第18頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第十九頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。第19頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第二十頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。第20頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第二十一頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。第21頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第二十二頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。第22頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第二十三頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。carry out, give up, hand in, point out, put awa

13、y, put off, turn down, work out, talk about第23頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第二十四頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。第24頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第二十五頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。第25頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第二十六頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。第26頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第二十七頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。 用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)The picture looks beautiful.這里的這里的 look是表狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞是表狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞(dngc)，它，它后面要求跟形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其主動(dòng)形后面要求跟形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。感官系動(dòng)詞式表被動(dòng)含義。感官系動(dòng)詞(dngc)一般用主動(dòng)形一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義

14、，如：式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain, turn out ,smell，become，turn，get，go，fall The food tastes delicious. 誤：誤：The food is tasted delicious. The pop music sounds beautiful. 誤：誤：The pop music is sounded beautiful 第27頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第二十八頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。O有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well, well, badly,

15、easilybadly, easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：write, read, write, read, clean, sell, dry,wash, cook,wear clean, sell, dry,wash, cook,wear 等。如：等。如： O The cloth washes easily. The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。這布很好洗。O Some silks wash we

16、ll Some silks wash wellO The new product sells well. The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷(xiāo)。暢銷(xiāo)。 O The pen writes smoothly. The pen writes smoothly. 這支筆寫(xiě)字這支筆寫(xiě)字(xi z)(xi z)很流暢。很流暢。O The poem reads fluently./ The poem reads fluently./O The shoes wear well. The shoes wear well.O The paper tears easily

17、 The paper tears easilyO This kind of cloth dried easily This kind of cloth dried easilyO對(duì)比：對(duì)比：O The books sell well. ( The books sell well. (主動(dòng)句主動(dòng)句) ) O The books were sold out. ( The books were sold out. (被動(dòng)句被動(dòng)句) ) O The meat didn The meat didnt cook well. (t cook well. (主動(dòng)句主動(dòng)句) ) O The meat was c

18、ooked for a long time The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (over low heat. (被動(dòng)句被動(dòng)句) )第28頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第二十九頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。need of improving第29頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第三十頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。nunfit, light, heavy, dangerous, etc.第30頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第三十一頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。第31頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第三十二頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。O第一(dy)，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：take place , come about , break out, belon

19、g to, consist of, add up to, come into being, come true, turn out 等。如： O The fire broke out in the capital building. O 誤：The fire was broke out in the capital building. O Great changes have taken place in China.O 誤：Great changes have been taken place in China.O第二，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed,

20、 remain, lie等。 O When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. O 誤：The sun had already been risen. O After the earthquake, few houses remained. O 誤：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.下列情況主動(dòng)(zhdng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句第32頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第三十三頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。O例如： 據(jù)說(shuō)It is said /thought that O 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)It is

21、reported that O 據(jù)推測(cè)(tuc)It is supposed that O 希望It is hoped that O 眾所周知It is well known that O 普遍認(rèn)為It is generally considered that O 有人建議It is suggested that O 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. O 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.O 3) It is said tha

22、t Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類(lèi)在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類(lèi)(y li)(y li)句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示第33頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第三十四頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。第34頁(yè)/共37頁(yè)第三十五頁(yè)，共37頁(yè)。We have a new house. 我們(w men)有座新房子。 The great hall holds 2 000 people. 這個(gè)(zh ge)大廳能容納2 000人。The paper will last me a whole term. 這紙夠我一學(xué)期(xuq)用。have表示“吃(飯)”“患(病)”“明白”“知道”等意思時(shí)，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 Have you had your lunch?(1)(1)受動(dòng)詞的限制受動(dòng)詞的限制表示狀態(tài)的