運(yùn)用比較法巧解分詞作狀語(yǔ)功能[整理]

1、運(yùn)用比較法，巧解分詞作狀語(yǔ)功能非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞屮的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)是屮學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)屮的i個(gè)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，也是高考小考查學(xué) 牛能力的一個(gè)重要方而。分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞，在句中可作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和 表語(yǔ)。本文結(jié)合實(shí)例將分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)的功能，運(yùn)用比較法作一分析，僅供參考。一、分詞在句中作時(shí)間、原因、條件或讓步等狀語(yǔ)功能。分詞在句中作時(shí)間、原因、條件或讓步等狀語(yǔ)功能時(shí)，分詞常位于句首。從結(jié)構(gòu)和 意義上分析，它們實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于時(shí)i'可、原因、條件或訃步狀語(yǔ)從句。分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞的一般 式和完成式；過(guò)去分詞的一般式和完成式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)以及獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等。請(qǐng)看下而實(shí)例比 較：1、現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式與分詞完成式主動(dòng)

2、結(jié)構(gòu)在句屮的用法比較：例： （1） the news, we all jumped with joy.a. to hearb.hearingc.having heardd.heard（2） a vase, the boy stood still without daring raise his head.a. breakb.brokenc.having broken d.to break比較：相同點(diǎn)：從句意分析，兩句都相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句。例（1）相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從 句： when we heard the news, we all jumped with joy.例（2）相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句: as

3、he had broken a vase, the boy stood still without daring raise his head. 分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者與中心句主語(yǔ)相同。分詞的動(dòng)詞與中心旬的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都為主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。不同點(diǎn)：例（1）分詞的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作與中心句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，例（2） 分詞的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作先于中心句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)牛。綜上比較：例（1）選b （現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式）例（2）選c （分詞完成式主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)）又如：（1）standingon the top of the hill you can see the whole city more clearly. = when （i

4、f） you stand on the top of the hill, you can see the whole city more clearly.（2） no（ having received his reply, she decided to write again. = as （he hadn'treceived his reply, she decided to write again.2 過(guò)去分詞的一般式與分詞完成式被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的用法比較。in thoughthe almoostran into the car in front of him. (nmet96)a. los

5、ingb lostc. having lostd having been lost(2)greatly,the players tried their best to win the game.a having beenencouragedb.being encouragedc.encouragedd.encouraging比較：相同點(diǎn)：從句意分析，兩句都相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句。例（1）相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從 句： as he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 例(2)相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：after they h

6、ad been encouraged greatly, the players tried their best to win the game.分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)彳亍者與中心句主語(yǔ)相同。分詞的動(dòng)詞與中心句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。不同點(diǎn)：例分詞的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作與屮心句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)也例（2）分詞的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作先于中心句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)kzk3 3綜上比較例（1）選b （過(guò)去分詞一般式）例（2）選a （分詞完成式被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)）kzkh 3word.(1 ) greatly surprised , he couldn't say aas he was greatly surprised, he coul

7、dn't say a word.(2 ) having been criticized by the teacher , li ming made up hismind to give up smoking. = after he had been criticized by the teacher, li ming made up his mind to give up smoking.3、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法比較。例（1）in thefactory, we learned a lot from the workers.a.workedb. to workc.we worki

8、ng.working(2)，he beganto take a short rest.a. the guests having left b. having leftc. the guests leftd. leaving比較：相同黒 從句意分析，兩句都相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句，例（1）相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:when we worked in the factory, we learned a lot from the workers彳列（2） 也相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句： after the guests had left, he began to take a short rest.兩句分詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞都為主

9、動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。不同點(diǎn)：例（1）分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者與中心句主語(yǔ)相同，例（2）分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者與中 心句主語(yǔ)不同。例（1）分詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作與中心句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例（2）分詞動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)作先于中心句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生。綜上比較：例（1）選d （現(xiàn)在分詞一般式）例（2）選a （獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)完成式）乂如：（1） miss gao having fallen ill, mr wang took her class instead=as miss gao had fallen ill）, mr wang took her class instead（2） weather permitting, we'll g

10、o sightseeing.=if weather permits . well go sightseeing.例 （3）, the house looked more beautiful.a.it was paintedb.having been paintedc. lt paintedd.painting例（4）, her paper is of greater value than yours.a. all things consideredb. consideringc. a11 things are considered.considered比較：相同點(diǎn)：從旬意分析，兩都相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從

11、句。例相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從 句：after it had been painted, the house looked more beautifu 1.例（4）相當(dāng)于條 件狀語(yǔ)從句： if all things are considered, her paper is of greater value thaxn yours. 兩句分詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。不同點(diǎn)：例（3）分詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者與中心句主語(yǔ)相同。例（4）分詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的 執(zhí)行者與中心語(yǔ)旬的主語(yǔ)不同。例（3）分詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作先于中心旬謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生。例（4）分詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作與中心句動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。綜上比較：例（3）選b （分詞完成式被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

12、）例（4）選a （獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)過(guò)去分詞一般式）又如： the boy having been knocked down by a car, we sent him to hospital = as the boy had been knocked down by a car , we sent him to hospital.二、分詞在句中作結(jié)果，方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)等功能。分詞在句屮作結(jié)果、方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)等功能時(shí)，分詞常位于句后。從其結(jié)構(gòu)和意義 分析，它們實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于并列句。分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞一般式，過(guò)去分詞一般式，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 以及wilh復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。諳看下而實(shí)例用法比鮫。1、現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式與過(guò)去分

13、詞的一般式的川法比較。傷ij (1) european football is played in 80 countries, it the most popularsport in the world.(nmet98)a.makingb. makesc.maded.to make例（2 ）the short fat man entered the hall ,bv twobig men with darkglasses.a.followingb.and followedc.followedd.he was followed比鮫：相同點(diǎn)：從句意分析，兩句后半部分在句中都作狀語(yǔ)。例（1）作結(jié)果狀

14、語(yǔ)， 相當(dāng)于 and 引起的并列句：european football is played in 80 countries and makes it the most popular sport in the world.例（2）作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，也相當(dāng)于and引起的并列 句： the short fat man entered the hall,and （he） was followed by two bigmen with bark glasses.兩句后半部分作狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞都與中心句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)進(jìn)行。 作狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者與中心句主語(yǔ)相同。不同點(diǎn)：例（1）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，例（2）

15、作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。綜上比較，例（1）選a （現(xiàn)在分詞一般式）例（2）選c （過(guò)去分詞一般式）乂如：（1）the visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks , adding = and added） that he had enjoyed his stay here. （nmet94）（2） the teacher stood there ,suirounded（=and wassurrounded） by a group of children.2、作結(jié)果、方式或伴隨等狀語(yǔ)的分詞與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法比較。l

16、ong speech for the president(met92)a to prepareb.preparingc. preparedd. was preparing(2)the old man stood there,the picture on the wall。a.his eyes staring at b.hiseyes stared atc.his eyes were starting atd.his eyes were stared at比較：相同點(diǎn)：從句意分析，兩句后半部分都作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，都相當(dāng)于并列句：例（1） the secretary worked late into t

17、he night ,and prepared along speed for the president例（2） the old man stood there, and his eyes were staring at the picture on the wall.兩句后半部分作狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞都為主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，與前半部分 屮心句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)進(jìn)行。不同點(diǎn)：例（1）作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者與中心句為同一主語(yǔ)，例（2）作伴隨 狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者與中心句的主語(yǔ)不一致。綜上比較，例（1）選b （現(xiàn)在分詞一般式）例（2）選a （獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在分詞形式）又女u （1） the teacher walke

18、d around the c 1 assroom, using（二and used） his hands tohelp him inhis explanation.(2) ilive in the house, its door facing (=and its door face) to the cast.a younglady lay on the floor in her bedroom ,by a murderera.to killb. being killedc.killingd. killed例the boy layon his back,a.his righthandclen chedb.and hisrighthand clenchedc.with hisrighthand clenchd.his righthandclenchinglast night.on his breast.比較：相同黒 從句意分析，兩句后半部分都作方式狀語(yǔ)，都相當(dāng)于并列句：例（3）ayoungladylayonthefloor in her bedroom, and (she) was killed by a