“情態(tài)動詞+have_done”重點講解

1、“情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞have done”重點講解重點講解一、在虛擬條件句中，如果表示與在虛擬條件句中，如果表示與過去過去事實事實相反的情況，從句用過去完成時，相反的情況，從句用過去完成時，而主句中則用而主句中則用“情態(tài)動詞現(xiàn)在完成情態(tài)動詞現(xiàn)在完成時時”，即 would/ could/ should/ might have done如果他學(xué)習(xí)努力， 他就會通過高考了。 If he had worked hard, he would have passed the Collage Entrance Examination. A. could have stay B. could stayC. wou

2、ld stay D. must have stay 1.- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. (NMET98) 答案 A,本句是一個含蓄虛擬條件句，意思是：If you had stay at a hotel while in New York, you could have stayed with Barbara. 表達(dá)了與過去事實相反的情況。A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said 2. Yesterday Jane

3、 walked away for discussion, otherwise, she _ something she would regret later. ( 96上海上海) 答案D 本句考查的也是含蓄虛擬語氣，意思是：如果她參加了討論，她可能會說出一些后來令她后悔的話。表達(dá)了與過去事實相反的情況。 二、二、must have done 表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況的肯定推表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況的肯定推測判斷，語氣較強(qiáng)，測判斷，語氣較強(qiáng)， 意思是意思是 “一定一定、肯定、肯定” 昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因為今早地面是潮濕的。It must have rained last night, f

4、or the ground is wet this morning. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 1. I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. (NMET 89) 答案B關(guān)鍵詞是didnt，說明動作發(fā)生在過去，所以是對已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況的推測判斷。 A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 2. - I rang your home yesterday. A man answered bu

5、t I didnt recognize the voice. - On, it _ my brother, Peter. 答案B 本句的意思是：我昨天向你家里打的電話。這是對過去情況的推測判斷，應(yīng)該用must have done結(jié)構(gòu) 三、三、may/ might have done 也用于對已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況的肯也用于對已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的情況的肯 定推測定推測判斷，但語氣稍弱，判斷，但語氣稍弱， 意思是意思是“可能，或許可能，或許”。 她沒能及時到達(dá)那兒。她可能沒趕上汽車。 She didnt get there in time. She may have missed the bus. 他今天沒來上

6、課，他可能病了。He didnt come to school today. He might have been ill. A. might B. should C. can D. will 1. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.( 2000春春)2. The window was broken. Tom _ have done that, for he was a little naughty. A. could B. might C. should D. ou

7、ght to 四、如果對過去情況推測判斷的句四、如果對過去情況推測判斷的句 子是疑問子是疑問句和否定句，只能用句和否定句，只能用cancould和和cant,couldnt。例如：。例如： 他不可能去國外，我一個小時前還見到他呢。 He cant have gone abroad; I saw him an hour ago.He cant have gone abroad; I saw him an hour ago.他不可能去國外，我一個小時前還見到他呢。 - Can he have passed the exam?- No, he cant have. He didnt work har

8、d. 他通過考試了嗎？不，他不可能通過考試。他學(xué)習(xí)不努力。 1. - There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. - It _ a comfortable journey. （MET95） A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been根據(jù)They were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.一句

9、中的時態(tài)，應(yīng)該是對過去情況的推測判斷，因為車上已經(jīng)有5位人了，在帶上我一個，可以斷定這一定是一次不舒適的旅行。所以，本句表達(dá)的是對過去否定的推測判斷，應(yīng)該用cant/ could have done來表達(dá)。故答案選D。 2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday, so he _ your lecture. (2002 上海) A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended 根據(jù)句意“我

10、妹妹昨天在大劇院見過他”，所以，一定是對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的否定的判斷，答案選A。 3. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it? (2003 上海春招)A. should B. must C. could D. would 本句表達(dá)的是對過去發(fā)生過的情況的疑問，所以應(yīng)該用could have done，答案選C。 4. I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She _ at the meeting. (1995 上海) A. mustnt ha

11、ve spoken B. shouldnt have spoken C. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken 本句表達(dá)的是過去已發(fā)生情況否定的推測判斷，應(yīng)該用couldnt have done，故答案選D。 五、含有五、含有must/ may/ might表示對過去情況推測表示對過去情況推測判斷的句子，如果變成反意疑問句，若句中帶判斷的句子，如果變成反意疑問句，若句中帶有明顯的過去時間的狀語，問句部分用過去時有明顯的過去時間的狀語，問句部分用過去時間；若沒有明顯的過去時間的狀語，問句部分間；若沒有明顯的過去時間的狀語，問句部分用現(xiàn)在完成時形式。例

12、如：用現(xiàn)在完成時形式。例如： He must have been living here for years, hasnt he?他一定是在這兒住了好幾年了，是嗎？ You cant have slept well last night, did you?你昨天晚上沒睡好，是不是？ A.mustnt B. havent C. cant D. didnt 1: Great changes must have taken place in the village in the past few years, _ they?鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)含有must表示推測判斷的句子，其反意疑問句的動詞形式應(yīng)與m

13、ust后動詞時態(tài)保持一致?？梢岳斫獬扇绻槐硎就茰y判斷，該句應(yīng)該說成：Great changes have taken place in the village in the past few year. 變成反意疑問句后應(yīng)該說成：Great changes have take place in the past few years, havent they? 所以，該題選B。 A. didnt B. hasnt C. mustnt D. cant2. He must have lived a happy life a few years ago, _ he?鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)本句中must后的

14、動詞形式應(yīng)為did，所以，反意疑問句的動詞應(yīng)為didnt。故答案選A。 六、六、should/ ought to have done表示表示“本來應(yīng)該做的，而實際上沒有做的事情本來應(yīng)該做的，而實際上沒有做的事情”，其否定形式則表示其否定形式則表示“已經(jīng)做了不該做的事情已經(jīng)做了不該做的事情”，含有責(zé)備的意思。例如：含有責(zé)備的意思。例如： The flowers have died. I should have watered them often.這些花兒都死了。我本來應(yīng)該常給他們澆水的。（其實沒澆水） You ought not to have told them the truth.你本不應(yīng)

15、該告訴他們真相的。（其實你告訴他們了） 1. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you? （99 上海）上海）A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have 本句的意思是：昨天的聚會很有意思，你本來應(yīng)該來的，可你為什么沒來？表示“本應(yīng)該做，而實際上沒有做的事情”應(yīng)該用should/ ought to have done。答案D。 2. Oh, I am not feeling well in the stomach, I _ so

16、much fried chicken just now. (2002 上海春上海春)A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 本句的意思是：我胃不舒服，我剛才不應(yīng)該吃那么多油炸雞。其實你吃了所以應(yīng)該選C。3. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. (NMET 2001)A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt lea

17、ve 本句表達(dá)的意思是：你不應(yīng)該一句話沒說就離開家。含有責(zé)備的意思，做了不應(yīng)該做的事情，答案選B。 4. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving（04廣西卷）廣西卷） 本句表達(dá)的意思是：懷特先生應(yīng)該八點半就到會了，但是他沒有出現(xiàn)。應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)而沒有出現(xiàn)，答案選A。 七、七、neednt have done表示表示“做了本來不必做的做了本來不必做的

18、事情事情”，通常不用于肯定句。例如：，通常不用于肯定句。例如： Its only five minutes walk. We neednt have taken a taxi.只有5分鐘的步行路程，我們本不必乘出租車的。 It is warm today. You neednt have worn your coat.今天天氣暖和，你本來不必穿大衣的。 1.He is not poor. You _ have lent him the money.A. cant B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt 鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí) 該句的意思是：他不窮，你本不必借給他錢。答案選B.

19、。 2.There was plenty of time. You _ have hurried.A. wont B. mustnt C. neednt D. couldnt 鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí) 該句的意思是：時間充裕著呢，你不必慌忙。答案選C。 - Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.- Thanks. you _ it. I could manage it myself. ( 05福建福建 31題題) A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done 該句的意思是：凱薩琳,我已經(jīng)幫你打掃屋子了，其實你沒有必要做的，我自己能處理的。八、八、can/ could have done表示表示“本來能夠做而本來能夠做而實際實際 上沒有做的事情