肝膽外科文獻(xiàn)常用英語單詞

1、文獻(xiàn)生詞intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma肝內(nèi)膽管癌anatomic解剖的 , 解剖學(xué)的hepatic hilus肝門perioperative圍手術(shù)期的malignancy hepatectomy bilirubin bilirubinemia Hyperbilirubinemia Indocyanine green indocyanine green retention hepatic insufficiency jaundice retrospective review intraoperative parameters Logistic Regression

2、 prognosis prognostic hilar cholangiocarcinoma惡性, 惡性腫瘤肝切除術(shù)膽紅素膽紅素血癥高膽紅素血癥吲哚花青綠 靛青綠滯留量試驗(yàn) 肝功能不全 , 肝功能衰退 黃疸回顧性調(diào)查手術(shù)中的 , 術(shù)中參數(shù)Logistic 回歸預(yù)后預(yù)后的門的, 臍的膽管上皮癌indication curative resection likelihood liver function metastasis hepatocellular carcinoma unexpected cholestasis biliary drainage extended hemihepatecto

3、my Trisegmentectomy Chronic viral hepatitis cirrhosis serum on admission percutaneous transhepatic endoscopic biliary drainage 引流術(shù), endoscopic drainage tube適應(yīng)證, 指征治愈的切除術(shù)可能性肝功能轉(zhuǎn)移肝細(xì)胞癌意外的 , 忽然的膽汁淤積膽汁引流擴(kuò)大半肝切除術(shù)三段切除慢性病毒性肝炎肝硬化免疫血清 , 血清入院時(shí), 住醫(yī)院時(shí)經(jīng)皮的經(jīng)肝的內(nèi)鏡膽管引流 , 內(nèi)鏡膽管內(nèi)窺鏡的 ; 內(nèi)窺鏡檢查的引流管 , 排液管門（靜）脈portal veinantith

4、rombin抗凝血酶embolization peritoneal dissemination laparotomy distant metastasis Surgical Procedures anastomosis enteric in terms of hemorrhage hemorrhagic hemolysis hemolytic hematology hematological hemodynamics coagulation status prothrombin time栓塞,栓塞術(shù), 栓子形成腹膜的播散, 散布剖腹手術(shù)遠(yuǎn)端轉(zhuǎn)移外科手術(shù)吻合術(shù)腸的以的觀點(diǎn)；以的方式出血出血性的溶

5、血溶血的血液學(xué)血液的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)高凝狀態(tài)凝血酶原時(shí)間激活部分促凝血酶activated partial thromboplastin time原激酶時(shí)間thrombolytic溶血栓藥 , 血栓溶解劑durationnonlinear least squares method natural logarithm categorizegalactose tolerance testhalf lifecomputed tomography scan 描contrast mediumbolusintegrated softwarevariablescontinuous variable categor

6、ical variable univariate multivariate univariate analysis multivariate analysis 析stepwise procedure持續(xù)時(shí)間 ; 期間非線性最小平方法自然對(duì)數(shù)分類半乳糖耐量試驗(yàn)半衰期 計(jì)算機(jī)體層攝影掃描 ,CT 掃對(duì)比劑, 造影劑推注集成軟件變量連續(xù)變量分類變量單變量多變量單變量分析多元分析 , 多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分逐步過程chi square testx2檢驗(yàn),卡方檢驗(yàn),截?cái)嘀礳utoff valueOdds RatioMann Whitney testtailedreceiver operating character

7、istic curve 征曲線morbidity and mortality decompression in regard to living related liver transplantation 植術(shù) parenchyma liver parenchyma excretory parenchymal shrinkage biotransformation adenosine triphosphate ammoniaAspartate Aminotransferase Alanine Aminotransferase比值比曼- 懷二氏檢驗(yàn)有尾的接受者（機(jī)）操作特并發(fā)癥和死亡率減壓關(guān)于,

8、 至于活體親屬供肝肝移實(shí)質(zhì)肝實(shí)質(zhì)排泄的 , 分泌的質(zhì)的, 主質(zhì)的皺縮, 皺縮度生物轉(zhuǎn)化三磷腺苷氨天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶Lactate Dehydrogenase乳酸脫氫酶alkaline phosphatase堿性磷酸酶glutamylInferior Vena Cava abdominal aorta Paraaortic celiac axis common hepatic artery proper hepatic artery superior mesenteric Artery Hepatic artery thrombosis pseudoaneurysm portac

9、aval shunt arterialization angiography occlusion occluded collateral confluence autologous vein graft porta hepatis Portal lymph node second order biliary radicles谷氨?；虑混o脈腹主動(dòng)脈主動(dòng)脈旁的腹腔干肝總動(dòng)脈肝固有動(dòng)脈腸系膜上動(dòng)脈 肝動(dòng)脈血栓形成 假性動(dòng)脈瘤門（靜脈與 ）腔靜脈分流術(shù)動(dòng)脈化血管造影術(shù)閉塞 梗塞閉塞的側(cè)的, 側(cè)支,副的合流, 匯流自體靜脈移植物肝門肝門淋巴結(jié)二級(jí)膽管根肝葉萎縮尾狀葉肝鐮狀韌帶壺腹周圍的十二指腸后的空腸

10、（的）回腸（的）結(jié)腸（的）直腸（的）肛管腫瘤學(xué)腫瘤學(xué)的 腫瘤，新生物腫瘤的，新生物的腫瘤播種乳頭瘤腺癌囊腺瘤睪丸胃泌素瘤鱗狀細(xì)胞癌類癌lobar atrophy caudate lobe falciform ligament periampullary Retroduodenal jejunum ( jejunal) ileum (ileal) colon(colonic) rectum (rectal) anal canal oncology oncological neoplasm neoplastic neoplastic seeding papillary tumor adenocar

11、cinoma cystadenoma testis gastrinoma squamous cell carcinoma carcinoid tumorssarcoma肉瘤focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) parenchymal disease advanced cancer well differentiated nodulenodal metastases therapeutic effect neoadjuvant chemotherapy radiofrequency ablation arterial chemoembolization infiltra

12、ting macroscopically carcinoembryonic antigen indication contraindication preoperative workup postoperative morbidity rate operative approach radical operation en bloc inoperable局灶性結(jié)節(jié)性增生器質(zhì)性疾病晚期癌癥分化良好結(jié)節(jié)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移療效新輔助化療射頻消蝕動(dòng)脈化療性栓塞浸潤肉眼 檢查的; 目視的癌胚抗原適應(yīng)癥 指征禁忌證術(shù)前全面評(píng)估術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率 手術(shù)入路 根治術(shù), 根治性手術(shù) 整個(gè)地, 整塊地 不能手術(shù)的 , 不能

13、做手術(shù)的姑息的palliativediagnostic laparoscopy non-therapeutic laparotomy invasive techniques procedural complications pancreaticoduodenectomy Adrenalectomy thrombectomy lymphadenectomy Lymph Node Dissection lymph node harvest end to side anastomosis hepaticojejunostomy cholecystectomy Caudate lobectomy ra

14、diopharmaceutical agent iodized oil absolute ethanol scintigraphy helical cross sectional imaging診斷性腹腔鏡檢查 非治療性剖腹探查術(shù)微創(chuàng)技術(shù)手術(shù)并發(fā)癥胰十二指腸切除術(shù)腎上腺切除術(shù)血栓摘除術(shù)淋巴結(jié)切除術(shù)淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù)淋巴結(jié)清掃端側(cè)吻合術(shù)肝空腸吻合術(shù)膽囊切除術(shù)尾狀葉切除術(shù)放射性藥劑碘化油無水乙醇閃爍掃描術(shù) 螺旋的,螺旋狀, 螺旋狀的 橫斷層面成像磁共振成像magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)(ERCP)endoscopy retrograde cholangiopancrea

15、tography內(nèi)鏡下逆行膽胰管造影 magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)磁共振胰膽管成像 intraoperative ultrasonography 術(shù)中超聲檢查法 contrast enhanced computed tomography 對(duì)比增強(qiáng)掃描 CTpositron emission tomography cholangiogramRecurrence follow up concomitant comorbidities bleeding extravasation hemobilia biliary fistul

16、a pleural effusion lung edema splenomegaly hypersplenism hepatic encephalopathy ascitesPET 正電子發(fā)射斷層掃描膽管造影復(fù)發(fā)隨訪伴發(fā)的, 附隨的并存病出血, 流血外滲, 溢出膽道出血膽瘺胸腔積液肺水腫脾腫大脾功能亢進(jìn)肝性腦病腹水Ethics Committees倫理學(xué)委員會(huì)subphrenic abscess endotoxaemia myocardial infarction pyrexial hypothermic Biliary Stricture steatohepatitis fatty live

17、r adipose tissue primary sclerosing cholangitis angina sepsis perfusion ex vivo in situ right upper quadrant proximal part perineural bifurcation ipsilateral Institutional Review Board膈下膿腫內(nèi)毒素血癥心肌梗死發(fā)熱的低體溫的膽管狹窄脂肪性肝炎脂肪肝脂肪組織原發(fā)性硬化性膽管炎心絞痛敗血癥, 膿毒癥灌注離體, 在活體外原位右上象限近心端神經(jīng)周圍的二根分叉部 , 分岔 身體的同側(cè)的 , 同側(cè)的 機(jī)構(gòu)審查委員會(huì) pred

18、ispose to platelet hyperalimentation cirrhotic morbidity medications dislodge gonadalHistologic frozen section atrophy hypertrophy proliferation hyperplasia Stem cells bone marrow derived epithelium encased reconstruction inflammatory broad spectrum antibiotics blood culture易患，使易感染、誘發(fā)血小板高營養(yǎng)支持硬變的 并發(fā)癥

19、，發(fā)病率用藥移去, 逐出, 取出性腺的, 生殖腺的組織學(xué)的冰凍切片萎縮肥大, 過度生長增生, 增殖增生; 數(shù)量性肥大干細(xì)胞骨髓衍生的上皮, 上皮細(xì)胞包裹重建, 再造,重構(gòu)炎癥性的廣譜抗菌素血培養(yǎng)Gram Negative bacilluscut surface stent catheter direct cannulation spectrophotometer rupture somatostatin Extracellular Matrix cohort Length of Stay after discharge stratified clear cut In this regard c

20、ome at a cost progressively rationale homogeneous heterogeneous putativeomnipotent革蘭陰性 芽胞 桿菌切面支架導(dǎo)管直接插管分光光度計(jì)破裂,vt.（使）破裂生長抑素細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)同期組群住院時(shí)間出院后分層的 , 成層的明確的在這方面是有代價(jià)的進(jìn)行性地 , 漸進(jìn)地原理 , 基礎(chǔ)理論同類的 同質(zhì)的異類的, 不同的假定的全能的 , 無所不能的as controls作為對(duì)照preconditioned preconditioning prospectively prospective randomized date Disea

21、se-Specific survival irreversible references Cochrane cholangiopancreatography resolution herein iatrogenic palliation running suture orthotopic liver transplantation chemoradiation preneoplastic change carcinogenesis dysplasia endoprosthesis預(yù)處理預(yù)處理前瞻性前瞻性隨機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)疾病特異性生存率不可逆的仝參考循證醫(yī)學(xué)胰膽管造影術(shù)分辨率（決心，決議 解決）如此,

22、鑒于，在此處醫(yī)源性緩和, 減輕連續(xù)縫合原位肝移植放化療癌前變化致癌作用發(fā)育不良 , 不典型增生內(nèi)鏡置管術(shù)pruritus瘙癢瘙癢癥病原學(xué)病原學(xué)的流行病學(xué)流行病學(xué)的病理生理學(xué)病變放射性核素亞硝胺類發(fā)病機(jī)制類癌粘液腺癌透明細(xì)胞腺癌印戒細(xì)胞腺癌腺鱗狀癌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌燕麥細(xì)胞癌未分化癌乳頭狀瘤病乳頭狀癌肝母細(xì)胞瘤pruritisEtiology (aetiology) etiologic epidemiology epidemiological pathophysiology lesion Radionuclide nitrosamine pathogenesis carcinoidMucinous Ad

23、enocarcinoma Clear cell adenocarcinoma Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma Adenosquamous Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Oat Cell Carcinoma Undifferentiated Carcinoma PapillomatosisPapillary Carcinoma hepatoblastomaHaemangioendothelioma血管內(nèi)皮瘤neuroendocrine tumour神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌瘤Leiomyosarcoma malignant fibrous h

24、istiocytoma nodular tumors cachexia sterilize surgical radicality angiogenetic angiogenic antiangiogenic chemosensitization photosensitizer irradiation conformational radiotherapy brachytherapy stereotactic interventional radiology oxaliplatin doxorubicin gemcitabine immunosuppressant Portography平滑肌

25、肉瘤 惡化纖維組織細(xì)胞瘤 結(jié)節(jié)性腫瘤惡液質(zhì)滅菌, 消毒 手術(shù)的根治性 血管生成 血管源性的，生成血管的 抗血管生成的 化療增敏 感光劑, 光敏劑 放射，照射適形放射治療 短距離放射治療 立體定位的 , 立體定向的 介入放射學(xué) 奧沙利鉑多柔比星吉西他濱 免疫抑制劑 門靜脈造影術(shù)contrast agent對(duì)比劑, 造影劑lipiodolIodophor cystic duct choledochal duct choledochal cysts Choledocholithiasis hepatolithiasis oriental cholangiohepatitis Biliary malf

26、ormation Liver fluke protocol therapeutic regimen Palliative Treatment Signs and Symptoms plethoraDifferential Diagnosis Randomized Controlled Trials enterocinesiaLigation luminal obstruction screening碘油碘伏膽囊管膽總管 膽總管囊腫 膽總管結(jié)石 肝內(nèi)膽管結(jié)石病 東方人膽管肝炎 膽管畸形 肝吸蟲治療方案治療方案姑息治療 體征和癥狀 多血癥, 多血質(zhì) 鑒別診斷 隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn) 腸動(dòng), 腸蠕動(dòng) 結(jié)扎術(shù)官

27、腔阻塞 普檢, 篩查,篩選 predisposing factor enhanced susceptibility hyperbaric oxygen treatment asymptomatic indolentIntractable Pain visceral steatosis latency side effects decompensation anoxia anoxic anoxemia. ischemia Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury ischemic change anemia pyogenic purulent hepatomegaly umbili

28、cal fissure易感因素 增強(qiáng)易感性 高壓氧治療無癥狀的無痛的頑固性疼痛內(nèi)臟的脂肪變性潛伏期副作用失代償缺養(yǎng)癥缺氧的缺氧血癥 ; 血缺氧 局部缺血 , 缺血 缺血再灌注損傷缺血性改變貧血化膿的化膿性, 膿性的肝腫大裂臍cytokine細(xì)胞因子neuropeptide神經(jīng)肽neurotransmitter神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)fluorescence in situ hybridization熒光原位雜交necrosis壞死necrocytosis細(xì)胞壞死apoptosis凋亡apoptotic細(xì)胞凋亡的desmoplastic reaction纖維成形性反應(yīng)oncogene癌基因Suppressor

29、Genes抑制基因genetic遺傳的epigenetic change基因外改變hypermethylation超甲基化sequential occurrence順序發(fā)生stepwise分步的, 分段的,逐步的mesenchymal間質(zhì)morphology形態(tài)atypia非典型, 異型性Phenotype表型dehydration脫水paraffin石蠟impregnation embedding serial section anesthesia anesthesiology anesthetist palpation orifice one orifice intubate pancre

30、atic secretion centrifuge cannulation reactive oxygen species recanalization Celiac Plexus arteriolar Collateral Circulation intima浸漬, 受精, 受孕 包埋, 埋植 連續(xù)切片麻醉麻醉學(xué)麻醉師觸診 管口,口, 小孔 一個(gè)管口插管胰腋離心 , 離心機(jī)管子活性氧 再通，再穿通 腹腔叢微動(dòng)脈的 , 小動(dòng)脈的 側(cè)支循環(huán)內(nèi)膜subintimal內(nèi)膜下的mitochondria線粒體multifocal多病灶的endemic amenable more specifically

31、 mainstay kink lethal peculiarity armamentarium demarcate paucity migration interim report nihilistic enigmatic occult autopsy detritus antegrade retrograde endogenous exogenous intracorporeal地方性的適合的更具體地說主要依據(jù)扭折, 紐結(jié)致命的特性醫(yī)療設(shè)備 ,設(shè)備劃界線,分開, 區(qū)別資料貧乏移位中期報(bào)告虛無主義的難理解的，神秘的 隱匿的，潛隱的 尸檢腐屑, 腐質(zhì),碎屑順行的逆行的內(nèi)源的, 內(nèi)生的外源的 ,

32、外生的體內(nèi)的體外的extracorporealautocrine paracrine xenogenic cryptogenic insidiously congenital hereditary pitfallBiliary anomalies cholecystolithiasis cholecystitis choledocholithiasis total bilirubin unconjugated bilirubin conjugated bilirubin bile plug sinusoid sinusoidal transjugular portosystemic shunt

33、 hepatic coma自分泌旁分泌異體的 , 異種的隱原性的 ,原因不明的隱襲地先天的 , 天生的 遺傳的, 遺傳性的 缺陷膽道畸形膽囊結(jié)石膽囊炎膽總管結(jié)石總膽紅素游離膽紅素結(jié)合膽紅素膽栓血竇，竇狀隙血竇的 竇狀隙的經(jīng)頸靜脈的門體分流術(shù)肝昏迷hyperammonaemia高氨血癥hypoalbuminemia neuropsychiatric confusion disorientation astrocyte inflammatory mediator低白蛋白血癥 神經(jīng)精神性的 意識(shí)錯(cuò)亂 , 意識(shí)模糊 定向障礙 星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞 炎癥介質(zhì)neutrophil(neutrophilic gra

34、nulocyte)嗜中性粒細(xì)胞macrophage phagocyte phagocytosis mitogen reticuloendothelial system Synthase dysregulation chromosome nuclear atypia nucleotide mitochondria mitochondrial microsome microsomal巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬細(xì)胞吞噬作用 促細(xì)胞分裂原 , 有絲分裂原網(wǎng)狀內(nèi)皮系統(tǒng)合酶調(diào)節(jié)異常 , 失調(diào)染色體核異型核苷酸線粒體線粒體的微粒體微粒體的detoxifydetoxification carcinogen mutagen

35、carbohydrate antigen glycoprotein extirpation malignant transformation forceps biopsy transpapillary stenosis彌散性血管內(nèi)凝血 (DIC)凝血和纖溶系統(tǒng)循環(huán)紊亂血管通透性 血管擴(kuò)張 血管升壓類藥物 加壓素 內(nèi)皮縮血管肽去毒 , 解毒，戒煙毒解毒( 作用), 脫毒,戒毒治療 致癌物誘變劑, 致突變?cè)穷惪乖瓨?biāo)志物 , 糖鏈抗原 糖蛋白摘除惡變, 惡性轉(zhuǎn)化鉗夾活檢 , 鉗夾活檢術(shù)經(jīng)十二指腸乳頭狹窄stenotic狹窄的patency rate通暢率vasculature脈管系統(tǒng)diffuse

36、 intravascular coagulation coagulant and fibrinolytic systems circulatory disturbance Vascular Permeability vasodilatation vasopressor vasopressin endothelinprostaglandin前列腺素Saphenous Veins隱靜脈renin腎素angiotensin血管緊張素aldosterone醛固酮oestrogen (estrin)雌激素progestogen (progestin)孕激素androgen (androtin)雄激素te

37、stosterone睪酮acute tubular necrosis急性腎小管壞死oedema水腫oliguria少尿癥diuretic(a)利尿劑haemofiltration血液濾過dialyse透析dialysate (Dialysis Solutions)透析液acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫綜合征(ARDS)diaphragm橫隔dyspnea呼吸困難pulmonary oedema肺水腫ventilatory dysfunction通氣功能障礙enteral nutrition腸道營養(yǎng)malabsorption吸收不良venopl

38、asty血管成形術(shù)hematoma血腫perforation穿孔paracentesis穿刺, 穿刺術(shù)granulomatous inflammation肉芽腫性炎癥Bacterial Translocation細(xì)菌移位the administration of antibiotics抗生素的應(yīng)用prophylactic antibiotics預(yù)防性抗生素synbiotic therapy合生元治療free radical自由基lactate乳酸鹽malaise不適感 , 全身乏力episode發(fā)作idiopathic特發(fā)性的 ,自發(fā)性的tracer示蹤劑relaparotomy再手術(shù)mild

39、 to moderate輕度到中度multifactorial多因子的 ,多因素的iohexol碘海醇Total Parenteral Nutrition全胃腸外營養(yǎng)procaine普魯卡因lidocaine analgesia dehiscence cryopreserved discriminant analysis cadaveric subjects obliteration milieu potent schematic diagram misidentification algorithm strong echo acoustic shadow hyperecho(ic) isoe

40、cho(ic) hypoecho(ic) anecho(ic) aseptic technique利多卡因 鎮(zhèn)痛 裂開 冷藏保存的 判別分析 尸體的 受試者涂去,抹消, 刪除 環(huán)境, 境界 有力的 , 有效的 示意圖 , 原理圖錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)同 ,錯(cuò)認(rèn) 公式,算法, 推導(dǎo) 強(qiáng)回聲 聲影 高回聲（的） 等回聲（的） 低回聲（的） 無回聲（的） 無菌術(shù)滅菌asepsis消毒antisepsisevidence-based medicine polymerase chain reaction (PCR)emergency operation confine operation selective opera

41、tion inquirychief complaints history collection history of present illness past history personal history marital history menstrual history child bearing history family history physical examination inspection palpation percussion auscultation急診手術(shù)限期手術(shù)擇期手術(shù)循證醫(yī)學(xué) 聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)問診主訴病史采集現(xiàn)病史既往史個(gè)人史婚姻史月經(jīng)史生育史家族史體格檢查視診觸

42、診叩診聽診腹痛腹脹腹瀉便秘惡心嘔吐大便小便誤吸窒息肺不張心律失常心臟驟停心室纖顫高熱低溫鈉鉀氯鈣鎂磷abdominal pain abdominal distension diarrhea constipation nausea vomit stool urine aspiration asphyxia (apnea) atelectasis arrhythmia cardiac arrest ventricular fibrillation hyperthermia hypothermia Natrium (sodium) Kalium (potassium) Chlorine Calciu

43、m Magnesium Phosphorusion離子體內(nèi)平衡紊亂等滲性缺水低滲性缺水高滲性缺水水中毒低鈉血癥高鈉血癥低氯血癥高氯血癥低鉀血癥高鉀血癥低鈣血癥高鈣血癥低鎂血癥高鎂血癥低磷血癥高磷血癥代謝性酸中毒代謝性堿中毒呼吸性酸中毒homoeostasis derangement isotonic dehydration hypotonic dehydration hypertonic dehydration water intoxication hyponatremia hypernatremia hypochloremia hyperchloremia hypokalemia hyper

44、kalemia hypocalcemia hypercalcemia hypomagnesemia hypermagnesemia hypophosphatemia hyperphosphatemia metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis respiratory acidosis呼吸性堿中毒血細(xì)胞比容 自體輸血 回收式自體輸血 預(yù)存式自體輸血 稀釋式自體輸血 冷沉淀 癤癤病癰急性淋巴管炎丹毒膿腫皮膚癌黑痣黑色素瘤脂肪瘤神經(jīng)鞘瘤神經(jīng)纖維瘤 毛細(xì)血管瘤海綿狀血管瘤respiratory alkalosis hematocrit (Hct) autologous blood transfusion salvaged autotransfusi