十大詞性-句子成分及基本句型講解及練習(xí)(附答案)

1、十大詞性-句子成分及基本句型講解及練習(xí)(附答案)十大詞性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子類型講解與練習(xí)1、 新課導(dǎo)入可數(shù)名詞 個(gè)體名詞 集體名詞不可數(shù)名詞 普通名詞 物質(zhì)名詞1.名詞 抽象名詞 專有名詞 功能：表示人或事物的名稱 人稱代詞： 主格 賓格 （注意it 的用法） 物主代詞： 形容詞性物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞 指示代詞：this, that, these, those 單數(shù)：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself反身代詞： 復(fù)數(shù)：ourselves, yourselves, themselves2.代詞 疑問代詞：wh

2、o, whom, whose, what, which. 簡(jiǎn)單不定代詞：one/ones, either/neither, both/all, each/ every another, other, the other, others, the others 復(fù)合不定代詞： somebody, anybody, nobody 不定代詞 someone, anyone, no one something, anything, nothing everybody, everyone, everything 功能：用來代替名詞、形容詞或數(shù)詞等3.數(shù)詞： 基數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞 功能：表數(shù)量或順序4.冠詞：

3、定冠詞 不定冠詞 零冠詞 表時(shí)間： in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind, 5.介詞： 表運(yùn)動(dòng)： across/ through/ over/ pass 表方位：. 其他 功能：用在名詞、代詞等前面，說明句子中詞與詞之間的關(guān)系 6 形容詞： 平級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí) 功能：用來修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特性、性質(zhì) 7. 副詞：平級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí) 功能：用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞，表示動(dòng)作或形狀的特性 并列連詞：and/ both/ or/ not onlybut also, but/however/ yet/ still/

4、while 8. 連詞： 從屬連詞: if/ unless, because/as/ since, although/though 功能：用來連接詞、短語或句子 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 （vi./vt.） 系動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞 9. 動(dòng)詞： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 不定式（to do） 非謂語動(dòng)詞 分詞: 現(xiàn)在分詞（-ing）和 過去分詞（-ed） 動(dòng)名詞（-ing） 功能：表示人或事物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 10. 感嘆詞： oh ah well 功能：表示說話時(shí)的感情或口氣課前小測(cè)： 1. 句子成分摸底測(cè)試：（1） 指出下列句子劃線部分是句子的什么成分？1) the students got on the school bus.2)

5、 he handed me the newspaper.3) i shall answer your questions after class.4) what a beautiful chinese painting!5) they went hunting together early in the morning.（2） 判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句并列句還是復(fù)合句？1) we often study chinese history on friday afternoon.2) the boy who offered me his seat is called tom.3) there is a

6、 chair in this room, isnt there?4) my brother and i go to school at half past seven in the morning.5) he is in class one and i am in class two. 二：新課講解：（一）句子成分七種句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、表語等。句子的主要部分是主語和謂語。表語、賓語和補(bǔ)足語是謂語的組成部分。其他成分如定語、狀語、同位語是句子的次要成分。1 主語（話題/主心骨）一句話的主體。 英語句子不可或缺的成分， 是全句述說的主題。常用的作主

7、語的詞類有：名詞（短語）、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞，不定式（短語）、動(dòng)名詞（短語）和從句。george is a born leader. （名詞）nobody knew what had happened. （代詞）two of us will attend the conference tomorrow. （數(shù)詞）the young are always willing to accept new things. （名詞化的形容詞）to go the bed early and to get up early is a good habit. （不定式短語）losing his new

8、mp4 made tom very sad. （動(dòng)名詞短語）what we cant get seems better than what we have. （名詞性從句） it is necessary to master a foreign language. (不定式做主語)總結(jié)：正常語序情況下，主語在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。2. 謂語（動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)）: 說明主語做了什么動(dòng)作，干了啥事。位于主語之后。謂語動(dòng)詞有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)等的變化。簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。father cooks very well. he practices running every morning. 復(fù)合謂

9、語：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。my sister has worked in the company for five years.you may keep the book for two weeks.總結(jié)： 謂語部分由動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞短語 或 系表結(jié)構(gòu) 構(gòu)成。3. 賓語（被k 的對(duì)象主語發(fā)出的各種動(dòng)作都落在賓語身上）及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象和介詞所聯(lián)系的對(duì)象。英語有單賓語、雙賓語、復(fù)合賓語、同源賓語等。雙賓語又分為直接賓語和間接賓語。凡能做主語的詞、短語或從句都可以作賓語。（1） 單賓語（賓語）可以作賓語的成分主要有名詞（短語）、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、名詞化的分詞、不定式（短語）、動(dòng)

10、名詞（短語）、從句等。i can hardly hear the radio. would you please turn it up （名詞、代詞）if you put 5 and 7 together, youll get 12, little tom. （代詞）we should help the poor. （名詞化的形容詞）remember to tell him to come. （不定式）please stop making noise. （動(dòng)名詞）do you understand what i mean （名詞性從句）（2） 雙賓語（直接賓語&間接賓語）雙賓語指動(dòng)詞后

11、面接指人和物的兩個(gè)賓語。指人的賓語叫間接賓語，指物的賓語叫直接賓語。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞（短語） + sb. + sth.please tell me how the accident came about.the teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer.（3） 同源賓語少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞后面能跟一個(gè)特定的名詞作賓語，這個(gè)名詞和前面的動(dòng)詞在詞根上相同的或者在意義上是相近的，這樣的賓語就叫做同源賓語。同源賓語前面常有修飾語。laugh a good laugh 大笑 blow a heavy blow 沉重的一擊smile a

12、sweet smile 甜甜的微笑 dream a terrible dream 做了一個(gè)惡夢(mèng)die a brave death 死得英勇 live a happy life 過著幸福的生活4. 表語（在系動(dòng)詞之后）說明主語是什么樣的。（身份 狀態(tài) 特征 類屬 性質(zhì)等） 表語與前面的系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。his father is an experienced teacher. （名詞）she is over fifty, but she doesnt look it. （名詞、代詞）these students are careful while others are careless. （形

13、容詞）the class meeting was over at last. （副詞）be quiet; they are at work now. （介詞短語）his hobby is collecting foreign stamps. （動(dòng)名詞短語）my wish is to become a doctor in the future. （不定式短語）the news of her success is really exciting. （現(xiàn)在分詞）（已形容詞化）that is where your mistakes are. （名詞性從句） 總結(jié): 與系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。5. 定語（商

14、品外包裝起修飾作用）定語是用來描述名詞或代詞的修飾語，它常和名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語。定語可分為前置定語和后置定語兩種。（1） 前置定語可以充當(dāng)前置定語的有形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞和名詞所有格、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式、動(dòng)詞的-ed形式等。many people have helped with (canned) food. （過去分詞）open (your) mouth and put out (your) tongue. （代詞的所有格）she cut the cake into (two) pieces. （數(shù)詞）i want to buy some (coffee) cups. （名詞）put th

15、e child in the (sleeping) bag. （動(dòng)名詞）you should adapt to the (changing) situation. (現(xiàn)在分詞)（2） 后置定語可以充當(dāng)后置定語的有形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式（短語），動(dòng)詞的-ing短語，動(dòng)詞的-ed短語，從句等。all people (present at the party) were his supporters. (形容詞短語)i have got something (interesting) to tell every one of you. (形容詞)the buildings (around)

16、were badly damaged. (副詞)the books (on the top shelf) were just bought. (介詞短語)lets try another way (to do this). (不定式)there is a gentleman (asking to see you). (現(xiàn)在分詞短語)most of the people (invited to the party) were famous scientists. (過去分詞)he lost his new pen (that was bought last week). (定語從句)6. 狀語（

17、商品標(biāo)簽）狀語是用來修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或句子的一種句子成分。它可以表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式，程度，原因，目的，結(jié)果，條件和讓步等關(guān)系?？梢猿洚?dāng)狀語的有副詞，介詞短語，不定式，分詞，形容詞，名詞和從句。at the news, the mother stood there, greatly surprised. （介詞短語、副詞、形容詞）they held the english party in the open air. （介詞短語）just wait a moment; i am dressing myself. （名詞）to hear more clearly, she sat in t

18、he front of the classroom. （不定式）finishing all her homework, she surfed the internet for a while. （現(xiàn)在分詞短語）seen from the top of the hill, the small city looks more beautiful. （過去分詞短語）dont leave here until you work out the math problem. （時(shí)間狀語從句）7. 補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)足語用來說明賓語或主語的性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)等的一種句子成分。名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，不

19、定式等皆可以作補(bǔ)足語。賓補(bǔ)： 補(bǔ)充說明賓語怎么樣了。i saw nobody <in> so i left. （副詞）youd better keep the books <standing> on the desk. （現(xiàn)在分詞）the mother didnt allow her daughter <to go out alone> at night. （不定式）the coming exam keeps me <busy with my lessons>. （形容詞短語）when he arrived, he found all the p

20、eople <gone>. （過去分詞）主補(bǔ)： 補(bǔ)充說明主語怎么樣。these things should be kept <in the box>. （介詞短語）he was elected <chairman> of the company. （名詞）句子成分的排序口訣：主在前，謂中間，賓語狀語排后面。短語定語主賓后，形、代定語主賓前。間接賓語若在后，直、間要用 to, for 連。賓補(bǔ)謂語賓語后，地狀常在時(shí)狀前。（二）、五種基本句型英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語

21、五種基本句型列式如下：一、 （主謂）二、 （主系表）三、 （主謂賓）四、 （主謂間賓直賓）五、 （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）基本句型 一： （主謂）主語：可以作主語的成分有名詞（如boy），主格代詞（如you），動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞等。主語一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！ 謂語：謂語由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，是英語時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語之后。不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.）沒有賓語，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如：we come. 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。 （不及物動(dòng)詞） 1. the sun was shining. 太陽在

22、照耀著。2. the moon rose. 月亮升起了。3. the universe remains. 宇宙長(zhǎng)存。4. we all breathe, eat, and drink. 我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5. who cares 管它呢 6. what he said does not matter. 他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系。 7. they talked for half an hour. 他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。 8. the pen writes smoothly 這支筆書寫流利?；揪湫?二： （主系表）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明

23、主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：be, look, keep, seem等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動(dòng)詞多可用作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞：look well/面色好,sound nice/聽起來不錯(cuò),feel good/感覺好，smell bad/難聞 （是系動(dòng)詞） 1. this is an english-chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。2. the dinner smells goo

24、d. 午餐的氣味很好。3. he fell in love. 他墮入了情網(wǎng)。 4. everything looks different. 一切看來都不同了。5. he is growing tall and strong. 他長(zhǎng)得又高又壯6. the troubleis that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。7. our well has gone dry. 我們井干枯了。 8. his face turned red. 他的臉紅了?；揪湫?三： （主謂賓）此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟

25、有一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。賓語位于及物動(dòng)詞之后，一般同主語構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語的代詞必須是代詞賓格，如：me，him，them等 （及物動(dòng)詞） 1. who knows the answer 誰知道答案 2. she smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感謝。3. he has refused to help them. 他拒絕幫他們。4. he enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。5. they ate what was left over. 他們吃了剩飯。6. he said "good morning."

26、; 他說："早上好！"7. i want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 8. he admits that he was mistaken. 他承認(rèn)犯了錯(cuò)誤。基本句型 四： （主謂間賓直賓）有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個(gè)賓語通常一個(gè)指人，為間接賓語；一個(gè)指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。 一般的順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語。如：give me a cup of tea, please.強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 直接賓語 +介詞+ 間接賓語。如：show th

27、is house to mr. smith.若直接賓語為人稱代詞：動(dòng)詞+ 代詞直接賓語 +介詞+ 間接賓語。如：bring it to me, please. （及物） （多指人） （多指物） 1. she ordered herself a new dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳。2. she cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。3. he brought you a dictionary. 他給你帶來了一本字典。4. he denies her nothing. 他對(duì)她什么都不拒絕。5. i showed him my pi

28、ctures. 我給他看我的照片6. i gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽車。7. i told him that the bus was late. 我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了。8. he showed me how to run the machine. 他教我開機(jī)器?；揪湫?五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分。賓語與其補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。名詞/代詞賓格 + 名詞the war made

29、him a soldier. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士.名詞/代詞賓格 + 形容詞new methods make the job easy. 新方法使這項(xiàng)工作變得輕松. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 介詞短語i often find him at work. 我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 動(dòng)詞不定式the teacher asked the students to close the windows. 老師讓學(xué)生們關(guān)上窗戶. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 分詞i saw a cat running across the road. 我看見一只貓跑過了馬路. （及物） （賓語） （賓補(bǔ)） 1. they

30、appointed him manager. 他們?nèi)蚊?dāng)經(jīng)理。2. they painted the door green. 他們把門漆成綠色3. this set them thinking. 這使得他們要細(xì)想一想。4. they found the house deserted. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無人居住。5. what makes him think so 他怎么會(huì)這樣想6. we saw him out. 我們送他出去7. he asked me to come back soon. 他要我早點(diǎn)回來。8. i saw them getting on the bus. 我看見他們上了那輛

31、公共汽車。但常用的英語句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡(jiǎn)短，這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語（modifier）而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。我們稱之為：定語、狀語（三）、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的劃分，英語的句子可以劃分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句三種。1. 簡(jiǎn)單句句中只有一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語），句中的各個(gè)成分都是由單詞和短語表示，這樣的句子稱為簡(jiǎn)單句。the class are listening to the teacher carefu

32、lly. (陳述句)is his brother old enough to join the army (一般疑問句)how many students are absent today (特殊疑問句)there are few cars in the parking lot, are there （反義疑問句）lets put off the meeting till next week. (祈使句)how hard these students are working! (感嘆句)2. 并列句兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用并列連詞或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)連接而成的句子叫并列句。（1） 并列句的構(gòu)成方式 用并

33、列連詞連接，并列連詞的前面可加逗號(hào)。some students are interested in climbing and others are fond of swimming.we fished all day, but we didnt catch one.it is raining hard, so we have to stay at home. 不用連詞而用分號(hào)連接hurry up; its getting late!she tried her best; she failed, however.（2）并列句的分類 能夠引導(dǎo)由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上意思相關(guān)的分句構(gòu)成的并列句的連詞有：an

34、d和，而；neither nor 既不 也不；not only but (also) 不僅而且;both and .和都；then 然后。the bell rang and the students rushed into the classroom.not only did the students dance, but (also) their teachers sang songs. 可連接兩個(gè)并列句，含有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞有：but但是；yet然而，可是；while然而；however然而；still但是；whereas然而，而；nevertheless然而。 i think he wan

35、ted to speak, but i did not hear. he worked hard, yet he failed to pass the test. the uk is in the thirteenth position, while china is in the middle of the list. some of the students are hardworking whereas some are lazy. 能夠引導(dǎo)由含有選擇意義的兩個(gè)分句構(gòu)成的并列句的連詞有：or 或者，否則；otherwise 否則；eitheror不是就是 would you like a

36、 cup of tea, or shall we get down to business right away? dont drive too fast or you will have an accident. start right now, otherwise youll miss the first train. 能夠引導(dǎo)由表示因果關(guān)系的兩個(gè)分句構(gòu)成的并列句的連詞有：so所以；for因?yàn)椋籺herefore因此。i must be off now, for my sister is expecting me.the bus was crowded, so i had to stand

37、 all the way.2. 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句有一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)活一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成，主句是句子的主體，從句充當(dāng)某種句子成分，如：主語，賓語，狀語，同位語等，但無論是那種從句都不能獨(dú)立 存在。復(fù)合句包括主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句。when we will have the meeting is not decided. (主語從句)it is well-known that many americans like to eat chinese food. （主語從句）do you know when he ancient games began （賓語從句）thats be

38、cause he caught a bad cold. （賓語從句）the idea that they would cross asia was exciting. （同位語從句）he has a friend whose father is a doctor. （定語從句）i will give her the message as soon as she comes back from the meeting. （時(shí)間狀語從句）三課堂作業(yè)：句子成分劃分及句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析(一)1： a mere hundred species (物種) are the basis of our food su

39、pply，of which but twenty carry the load. wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of，which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas.(2008全國(guó)卷一e篇)譯文：只有約100種物種為我們提供食物基礎(chǔ)，其中只有20種承擔(dān)著供

40、應(yīng)人類食物的重?fù)?dān)。wilson建議通過調(diào)查研究一萬種可以被利用的物種來改變這種現(xiàn)狀，這樣做可以減少人類為了增加耕種面積而開墾動(dòng)植物的自然家園的做法。解析：第二句是一個(gè)含有多層結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。第一層結(jié)構(gòu)：wilson suggests changing .by looking .。第2個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句是第二層結(jié)構(gòu)代替changing .use of。另外，that could be made use of 也是句子的第一層，作定語，修飾species。第三層結(jié)構(gòu)是不定式 to reduce .，它作定語修飾 a way。 第四層結(jié)構(gòu)是不定式 to enlarge .，它作目的狀語，

41、修飾clearing。根據(jù)該句，文后第74題：wilson suggests that one way to keep biodiversity is to _.答案選d(use more species for food)。2： this process is also found among scholars and authors： a statement of opinion by one writer may be restated by another，who may in turn be quoted by yet another；and this process may con

42、tinue，unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.(2008天津d篇)譯文：在學(xué)者和作者中，我們也常常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)過程：一個(gè)作者陳述的觀點(diǎn)有可能會(huì)被另外一位作者重述，然后他的重述或許又會(huì)被另一個(gè)作者引用。這個(gè)過程會(huì)繼續(xù)下去，除非有人質(zhì)疑原作者的觀點(diǎn)所根據(jù)的事實(shí)或者是對(duì)原作者對(duì)這些事實(shí)的解釋提出異議。解析：根據(jù)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，我

43、們可以確定該句主干是第一句話，即冒號(hào)前面的部分。冒號(hào)后面的部分是對(duì)主句的進(jìn)一步解釋。在該解釋中，用分號(hào)分隔開兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。第一個(gè)句子中又用了一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句。第二個(gè)句子中用了一個(gè)unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。條件狀語從句中it是形式主語，to question .or to challenge .是真正的主語。它們的賓語分別又有一個(gè)定語從句來修飾，即：the facts on which .，the interpretation (that) he placed .?？梢?，該句是環(huán)環(huán)相扣，一層套一層。理解了該句，考生才能回答文后第51題：what can we infer

44、from the passage 答案是b(passive learning may not be reliable.)。二、并列式有時(shí)候，一個(gè)句子會(huì)包含多個(gè)并列成分，如并列主語、并列謂語、并列賓語等，這些并列結(jié)構(gòu)往往有連詞連接。在解讀這類句式時(shí)，要注意利用連詞和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)來判斷并列部分。3： the thing i like best about them is that your money is going to be a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies，and you are not damag

45、ing the planet，but finding a new home for unwanted goods.(2008天津b篇)譯文：對(duì)于它們我最喜歡的是你的錢拿去辦好事的，而不是進(jìn)了營(yíng)利公司的口袋，你不是在破壞這個(gè)地球，而是在為那些人們不需要的商品找到一個(gè)新的去處。解析：該句表語從句部分用了兩個(gè)并列的句子：第一個(gè)that your money .，第二個(gè)句子是you are not .but finding .。理解了該句，可以正確解答第40題：the author loves the charity shop mainly because of_.答案選c(its spirit of

46、 good will)。4： the real attractions of the hollowell farm to me were its position，being about two miles from the village，half a mile from the nearest neighbor，bounded(相鄰) on one side by the river，and separated from the highway by a wide field.(2008四川卷e篇)譯文：霍洛韋爾農(nóng)場(chǎng)真正吸引我的地方是它的位置，它離村子大約兩英里，離最近的鄰居半英里，一邊臨

47、小河，另一邊又有一大塊寬闊的田野把它與公路隔開。解析：該句主干是“主語 + 系表結(jié)構(gòu)”，從being到句末是position的同位語。理解了該句的主干，便可以回答第52題：why did the author decide to buy the hollowell place 該題答案選c(it was in a good position.)。     三、插入語式有些句子在中間會(huì)用逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)分開，而處于逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)之間的內(nèi)容通常被稱為插入語。閱讀時(shí)，要先將插入語部分跳過，先讀主句，然后再讀插入語部分。5： the lack of right male (男性的) ro

48、le models in many of their livesat home and particularly in the school environment (環(huán)境)means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.(2008遼寧卷c篇)譯文：在他們很多人的生活中，如在家里，尤其是在學(xué)校，缺少合適的男性榜樣，這就意味著他們只好對(duì)照自己的同齡人來評(píng)判自己。解析：該句中破折號(hào)中間部分可以先略過不看，首先要找到句子的主干，即：the lack .means that .。that

49、從句中又包含一個(gè)省略了關(guān)系代詞whom或that的定語從句，即they have to judge themselves against，它修飾先行詞the only people。通過理解這一句話，考生可以確定第65題：what seems to have a bad effect on students like tom 該題應(yīng)該選a( peer groups.)。四、改變語序式有時(shí)候，有些句子會(huì)使用改變語序的手段，主要以強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)和倒裝來使句子復(fù)雜化。正確掌握強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和倒裝語法是理解這類句型的關(guān)鍵。6： it was then that i realized that i had not

50、really come to help，but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the (2008四川a篇)譯文：到那時(shí)候，我才意識(shí)到我并非真的來幫助他人，而是來了解和體驗(yàn)另一種文化，這種文化有助于提高我對(duì)生活和世界的理解。解析：該句主干用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 it was then that i realized .，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間then。原句順序應(yīng)該是：i realized .then。在該句第二層結(jié)構(gòu)中，即that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，又用了

51、一個(gè) not .but .句式連接。該句的第三層結(jié)構(gòu)是culture后面that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，它修飾 culture。總而言之，英語閱讀中的長(zhǎng)難句是一個(gè)比較復(fù)雜的語言現(xiàn)象，準(zhǔn)確理解和把握長(zhǎng)難句是考生應(yīng)該掌握的一項(xiàng)閱讀技能。希望以上介紹的方法可以幫助考生更好地掌握這項(xiàng)技能，使長(zhǎng)難句不再成為閱讀的障礙。四： 課后作業(yè)：句子成分練習(xí)題指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：1. whether well go depend on the weather. ( )2. peoples standards of living are going up steadily. ( )3. that was how they were defeated. ( )4. the nursery takes good care of our children. ( )5. ill return the book to you tomorrow. ( )6. we are sure that we shall succeed. ( )7. the woman with a baby in he