打印一份 中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧(精)

1、閱讀理解專題講解閱讀理解專題講解 是英語(yǔ)能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，是考試是英語(yǔ)能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，是考試的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)信息的理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)信息的加工能力。加工能力。 閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。和理解力的正確率。 因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時(shí)。因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時(shí)。多分析題型，多了解考點(diǎn)，真正做到有的多分析題型，多了解考點(diǎn)，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。放矢，提高命中率。 1 理解主旨和要義理解主旨和要義 2 理解文中的具體位置理解

2、文中的具體位置 3 根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義 4 作出判斷和推理作出判斷和推理 5 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 6 理解作者的意圖理解作者的意圖觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度閱讀理解做題順序：閱讀理解做題順序：一一 先讀問(wèn)題，弄清考查要點(diǎn)先讀問(wèn)題，弄清考查要點(diǎn)二二 快速瀏覽全文，掌握快速瀏覽全文，掌握Main Idea三三 細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息 1 抓住四個(gè)抓住四個(gè)“W和一個(gè)和一個(gè)“H” 2、抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介、抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入詞等等詞、插入詞等等 3、注意領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的寓意、注意領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的寓意 4、

3、根據(jù)題意，初選答案、根據(jù)題意，初選答案四、重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案四、重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型 詞詞 義義 猜猜 測(cè)測(cè) 型型命命 題題 類類有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以下幾種下幾種: :推推 理理 判判 斷斷 型型 Step Two: How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension一、主旨大意題一、主旨大意題 （做題要領(lǐng)）1. 干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)?？赡軐傥闹心硞€(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。2. 干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬?gòu)奈闹心承┛赡軐購(gòu)奈闹?/p>

4、某些 (不完全的不完全的) 事事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。3. 干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷?？赡軐俜俏恼率聦?shí)的主觀臆斷。(正確答案正確答案) 是根據(jù)文章意思全面是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來(lái)的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、理解而歸納概括出來(lái)的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過(guò)其實(shí)或以偏概全。言過(guò)其實(shí)或以偏概全。1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar-ize the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following be

5、st expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?6)Whats the best title for this passage?主旨大意題主旨大意題的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式:一、剔除細(xì)節(jié)和論據(jù)，找到主題句一、剔除細(xì)節(jié)和論據(jù)，找到主題句 ：1、主題句在文首（文章最前面一句話）、主題句在文首（文章最前面一句話）2、主題句在文尾（文章最后面一句話）、主題句在文尾（文章最后面一句話）3、首尾呼應(yīng)、首尾呼應(yīng)4、整合每一段的主題句、整合每一段的主題句5、注意高頻詞、注意高頻詞二、沒(méi)有主題句的情況下可以采

6、取對(duì)比二、沒(méi)有主題句的情況下可以采取對(duì)比篩選法和歸納提煉法篩選法和歸納提煉法主旨大意題主旨大意題的解題技巧的解題技巧:閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-主旨大意題主旨大意題Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper fo

7、r-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insati

8、able(不能滿足的）不能滿足的）society.練習(xí)題練習(xí)題細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)題解釋Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers

9、.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.文章文章解釋【解析】答案為C C。take sth. away take sth. away of sb.of sb.和和 cast sb. sth.cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表達(dá)的主題，在主題句出現(xiàn)后，再舉例子陳述細(xì)節(jié)或繼續(xù)論證。 尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和歸納分析)一般都用來(lái)表示一個(gè)段落的主旨大意。文章 文章中心是文章中心是論點(diǎn)論點(diǎn)

10、，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論論據(jù)據(jù)或或主要理由主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問(wèn)題常對(duì)；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問(wèn)題常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)、某句子、某段落等細(xì)文中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，所提問(wèn)題一般可節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，所提問(wèn)題一般可直接直接或或間接間接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。 提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞常有：提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。等。事事實(shí)實(shí)細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)節(jié)型型 解題原則解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文上下文及忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。1）Which of the following statem

11、ent is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題常有以下幾種命題方式：定細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題常有以下幾種命題方式：一、找到與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的內(nèi)容在文中的位置；一、找到與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的內(nèi)容在文中的位置；二、通常事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)

12、題型的正確答案有以下特征：二、通常事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題型的正確答案有以下特征：1、對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換。把原文中的一些、對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換。把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞，成為正確選項(xiàng)。詞換成意義相近的詞，成為正確選項(xiàng)。2、詞性或者語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下、詞性或者語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，或者改變?cè)木渥拥恼Z(yǔ)態(tài)，給考生制造障礙。詞性，或者改變?cè)木渥拥恼Z(yǔ)態(tài)，給考生制造障礙。3、語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，成、語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，成為正確答案。為正確答案。4、正話反說(shuō)。把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確、正話反說(shuō)。把原文

13、中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)選項(xiàng)(適用于尋找錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的題目適用于尋找錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的題目)。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型的解題技巧的解題技巧:閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型 Passage2 Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it wi

14、th energy. That is the food we eat. But how with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of h

15、eat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart showsdifferent, as the chart shows C

16、ALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600練習(xí)題解釋第三節(jié) Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statement is TRUE acco

17、rding to the chart above?A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A f

18、armer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.解釋文章【解析】答案為 D D 。 根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，計(jì)算公式為： (90-35)51=275【解析】答案為 C C 。 根據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗(yàn)證A、B、C、D 四個(gè)答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很易找出 C C 符合圖表內(nèi)容。文章文章 同義法同義法 常在詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列常在詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列連詞連詞and或或or，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測(cè)。義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測(cè)。 反義法反義

19、法 如如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊?，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用?？傊?，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。 釋義法釋義法 對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語(yǔ)對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語(yǔ)（從句）、表語(yǔ)甚至于用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)（從句）、表語(yǔ)甚至于用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說(shuō)明。等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說(shuō)明。詞詞義義猜猜測(cè)測(cè)型型 情景推斷法、代詞替代法情景推斷法、代詞替代法等等1 1）文中找線索或信息詞）文中找線索或信息詞; ;2) 2) 根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；判斷新單詞之意； 3 3）根

20、據(jù)上下文判斷新詞）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。匯在特定句中確切意思。做題要領(lǐng)做題要領(lǐng)閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-詞義猜測(cè)型詞義猜測(cè)型Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, t

21、he young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewi- ves and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(應(yīng)得的，值得的應(yīng)得的，值得的). 第四節(jié)解 釋 這段文字中講到加納這個(gè)國(guó)家這段文字中講到加納這個(gè)國(guó)家中中 的大多數(shù)婦女，受的大多數(shù)婦女，受過(guò)教育的過(guò)教育的 （educated

22、educated）和沒(méi)有受和沒(méi)有受過(guò)教育的過(guò)教育的 （illiterateilliterate）；）；住在城住在城市的市的 （urbanurban）和住在農(nóng)村的和住在農(nóng)村的（ruralrural），），年輕的（年輕的（youngyoung）和年和年長(zhǎng)的（長(zhǎng)的（oldold）正好是一對(duì)對(duì)反義詞。正好是一對(duì)對(duì)反義詞。因此選因此選 C C 項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。本題答案選本題答案選C C 推理判斷題推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個(gè)題中常有6-8個(gè)，著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。 以原文內(nèi)容以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對(duì)文中未明顯說(shuō)明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋

23、。推推理理判判斷斷型型 透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、語(yǔ)氣及態(tài)度等。推理判斷題推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)） 既要求學(xué)生透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。推理判斷型推理判斷型常見(jiàn)的命題方式有：常見(jiàn)的命題方式有：1. The passage implies (暗示暗示) that_.2. We can conclude (得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論) from the passage that_.3. Which of the following can be infe

24、rred (推論推論)?4.What is the tone (語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)氣) of the author ?5.What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage?6.The passage is intended to _.7.Where would this passage most probably appear? 閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-推理判斷型推理判斷型 Passage4 The concept (n. 觀念觀念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behavio

25、rs is an important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 個(gè)人個(gè)人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the leg

26、al (adj. 法律的法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely

27、sedentary (adj. 久坐的，勞心的久坐的，勞心的 ) lifestyle without any exercise. 練習(xí)題解釋解釋P5Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American so

28、ciety. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health.文章解析：解析：據(jù)前兩句可以得知，據(jù)前兩句可以得知，不良的選擇會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康狀不良的選擇會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康狀況變壞，因此答案選況變壞，因此答案選 D D 。選出的答案一定要在原文選出的答案一定要在原文中找到依據(jù)或理由，不能中找到依據(jù)或理由，不能只憑常識(shí)或自己主觀胡亂只憑常識(shí)或自己主觀胡亂推測(cè)。推測(cè)。文章文章 Passage5 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordi

29、nary achievement (n.成績(jī)成績(jī) ) ends up with uninspired students. Eisenberger holds (vi.認(rèn)為認(rèn)為). As an exa- mple of the latter (adj. 近來(lái)的近來(lái)的 ) point ( n.觀點(diǎn)觀點(diǎn) ), he notes ( vi.特別指出特別指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使變得更緊使變得更緊 ) grading standards (及格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及格標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ) and restore ( vt.恢復(fù)使用恢復(fù)使用

30、) failing grades (不及格分?jǐn)?shù)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不及格分?jǐn)?shù)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ).練習(xí)題解釋總結(jié)總結(jié)Q: It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_.A.rewarding poor performance ( n.成績(jī)成績(jī) ) may kill the creativity of students .B. punishment is more effective than rewarding. C. failin