完整版專(zhuān)四英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)

1、語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)之一 ：虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)1. If從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1、與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：從句sb had done，主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done；1. I _the party much more if there hadnt been quite such a crowd of people there. 1996 A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying2. All of us would have enjoyed the party m

2、uch more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.2000 A. werent B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldnt省略if，從句的語(yǔ)序用到裝，即將were,had或 should移至主語(yǔ)的前面，但否定詞not不前移。3. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _ much better results now. 2008 A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. wou

3、ld get4. _you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions. 1994 A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. I realized that D. As I realized 5._, he would not have recovered so quickly. 1995A.    Hadn't he been taken good care of B.    Had he not be

4、en taken good care ofC.    Had not he been taken good care of D.    Had he been not taken good care of6. _for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. 2002 A. Had it not been B. Hadnt it been C. Was it not D. Were it not 2、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：從句sb

5、did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier to learn.2009 A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been2. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than I can.2005 A. would be B.

6、will have been C. was D. Were3、與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反：從句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。1. _ you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.2005 A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had4、錯(cuò)綜條件句：主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間段。比如：從句對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬，而主句對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬，即從句sb ha

7、d done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. If only the patient _ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.2007 A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were receiving 考點(diǎn)2：表示建議、要求、命令等動(dòng)詞如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, requir

8、e, request, demand引導(dǎo)的從句及it引導(dǎo)的相應(yīng)的分詞、名詞和形容詞從句，謂語(yǔ)用（should)+動(dòng)詞原形。1. He left orders that nothing _touched until the police arrived here.1997 A. should be B. ought to be C. must be D. would be 2. She asked that she _ allowed to see her son in police custody. 1993 A.would be B.could be C.be D.was 考點(diǎn)3：It is

9、 +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等從句，謂語(yǔ)用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。1. It is necessary that he _ the assignment without delay.2010 A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand in2. It is absolutely essential that William _ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.2007 A. w

10、ill continue B. continued C. continue D. continues3. It is imperative that the government _ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.2006 A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to 4.It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time.2004 A. hand in B. would hand in C. have to h

11、and in D. handed in考點(diǎn)4：it is (high/about) time that的結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句使用一般過(guò)去式。例如:1. Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.2006 A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop 考點(diǎn)5：much as"盡管，雖然"引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中用would have done表示假設(shè)。1. Much as _, I couldnt lend him the money because I simply didnt have

12、 that much spare cash.1999 A.I would have liked to B.I would like to have C.I should have to like D.I should have liked to考點(diǎn)6：if only, wish, as if/as though引導(dǎo)從句，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：had + done；與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式；與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反：could/would + do。1. If only I _play the guitar as well as you! 2006 A would B could C should D mig

13、ht2. He talks on and on as if he would never end.考點(diǎn)7：would rather/sooner從句中使用一般過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成式分別表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的虛擬。1. The manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office now. A.had not worked B.not to work C.does not work D.did not work 考點(diǎn)8：On condition that. /lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形動(dòng)詞。1. He as

14、ked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _ that he paid me back the following week.2005 A. on occasion B. on purpose C. on condition D. only if注：On condition that.是“只有”“條件是”的意思，可以使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也可以不用。Ill come on condition that John is invited. They agree to lend him the car on condition he (shou

15、ld) return it in a week. 2. lest 以免e.g. : tiptoed lest the guard should hear her; anxious lest he become ill.考點(diǎn)9：but for1. _ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.1994 A. Unless B. But for C. Except for D. Not for考點(diǎn)10：讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Whether he be rich or poor, Ill marry h

16、im.1. _, Ill marry him all the same.2004 A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poorC. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poor2. Whether my brother right or wrong, he will have my unwavering support.2001 A. Is B. Were C. Be D. Would be 語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)之二 ：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞*情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: will（愿意）, shall（將）, must（必須）, can, may,

17、 would, should (應(yīng)該), might, could, ought to, used to（過(guò)去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不）考試中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞部分重點(diǎn)測(cè)試以下內(nèi)容：（1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+行為動(dòng)詞完成式（表示推測(cè)） （2）某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法考點(diǎn)1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測(cè)(1) must have v-ed表示推測(cè)過(guò)去某事“一定”發(fā)生了。否定形式為：cant / couldnt have v-ed, 表示過(guò)去不可能發(fā)生某事。1. Which of the following sentences expresses "p

18、robability"?2008A. You must leave immediately. B. You must be feeling rather tired.C. You must be here by eight o'clock. D. You must complete the reading assignment on time.2. He _ the 8:20 bus because he didnt leave home till 8:25. (1994) A. couldnt have caught B. ought to have caught C. s

19、houldnt have caught D. must not have caught (2) could have v-ed 表示推測(cè)過(guò)去某動(dòng)作“很可能”發(fā)生了。(3) may / might have v-ed 表示推測(cè)過(guò)去某事“也許”發(fā)生了.1. He _ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful. (1999) A. may have acted B. must have acted C. should act D. would act (4) ought to / should have v-ed 和 o

20、ught not to / shouldnt have v-ed 用于對(duì)已發(fā)生的情況表示“責(zé)備”、“不滿(mǎn)”，分別表示“本應(yīng)該”和“本不應(yīng)該”1. Aren't you tired? I _ you had done enough for today. 2009 A. should have thought B. must have thought C. might have thought D. could have thought(5) neednt have v-ed 表示過(guò)去做了某事，但沒(méi)有做的必要， 意為“本沒(méi)必要”。1. You _ Jim anything about it

21、. It was none of his business. (1998) A. neednt have told B. neednt tell C. mustnt have told D. mustnt tell2. As it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally. (1996)A. need not have dressed up B. must not have dressed up C. did not need to dress up D. must not dress up 注意：did not need t

22、o do 動(dòng)作并沒(méi)發(fā)生。例：I didnt need to get up early, so I got up until 9 a.m.考點(diǎn)2. 特殊用法(1) can't“不可能”（表推測(cè)）, may not “可能不”（表推測(cè)）, mustnt (must not) “不要; 禁止”; used notusednt to或didnt use to 過(guò)去不(2) should 表示驚訝1. I am surprised_ this city is a dull place to live in.2006 A. that you should think B. by what you

23、are thinking C. that you would think D. with what you were thinking 2. We consider _ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand. 2009 A. strange why B. it strange what C. it strange that D. that strange(3) 用于過(guò)去式中，can常表示能過(guò)做某事，但事實(shí)不一定去做；be able to則表示能做某事并且已經(jīng)做了。1. I went there in 1984, and th

24、at was the only occasion when I _ the journey in exactly two days.2005 A. must take B. must have made C. was able to make D. could make(4) Cant but + V.,表示不得不，與have to同義。Cant help +Ving 忍不住。(5) cannot too / enough 表示 “無(wú)論怎么也不算過(guò)分”、“越越好”(6) may/ might as well + 動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好，滿(mǎn)可以，倒不如”，相當(dāng)于had betterI'm

25、ready，so I might as well go now(7) may well + 動(dòng)詞原形”，意為“（完全）能，很可能” : He may well be proud of his son. 他大可為兒子高興。(8) may as well as還是好了e.g. You may as well as give him the letter. 語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)之三 ：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)1：不定式 近幾年考的不多。以前的考點(diǎn)基本集中在：(1) 考察哪些動(dòng)詞接不定式；(2) 考察哪些短語(yǔ)接不帶to的不定式； 1) cant help/choose but do 不得不,只能,不禁

26、2) why not do sth 1. _him tomorrow? 2001 A. Why not to call on B. Why dont call on C. Why not calling on D. Why not call on 3) would do rather than do1.She said she would work it out herself, _ ask me for help.1993 A.and not to B.but not C.and prefer not D.rather than(3) 考察短語(yǔ)"be believed/said t

27、o do sth"的用法；1. The Minister of Finance is believed _ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.2004 A. that he is thinking B. to be thinkingC. that he is to think D. to think2. AIDS is said _the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in the region.2002 A. being B. t

28、o be C. to have been D. having been 3. Professor Johnson is said _some significant advance in his research in the past year. 1999 A. having made B. making C. to have made D. to make(4)考察動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)：進(jìn)行式to be doing, 完成式to have done;一般式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to be done; 完成式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to have been done。另外，不定式短語(yǔ)有將來(lái)時(shí)的意思； 考點(diǎn)2：動(dòng)名詞（1

29、）常接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的詞：mind(介意), miss(逃過(guò)), mention(提及), prevent, postpone, practice, risk(冒險(xiǎn)), resist(抵制), consider(考慮), admit(承認(rèn)), avoid(避免), appreciate(感激), fancy(幻想), finish(完成)，feel like(喜歡), escape(逃脫), ensure(確保) , delay(延遲), deny(否認(rèn)), resent, detest, imagine(想象), suggest(建議) 1. In international matches,

30、 prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid_. 1996 A. from being beaten B. being beaten C. beating D. to be beaten 2. He resented _to wait. He expected the minister _ him at once.1995 A. to be asked, to see B. being asked, to see C. to be asked, seeing D. being asked, seei

31、ng3.I never regretted _ offer, for it was not where my interest lay.1993 A.not to accept B.not having accepted C.having not accepted D.not accepting b選項(xiàng)表示的是對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生事件的陳述, 指示某一次特殊的情況.d選項(xiàng)表示的是一般性的情況,不特指某一次特殊的情況（2）介詞后的ing：prevent/stop/keep sb /sth from doing 阻止做；spend/waste time /money in doing 在做方面花錢(qián)、浪費(fèi)時(shí)間

32、或金錢(qián)；how /what about doing sth 做怎么樣了？；Have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在方面有些困難；There is no sense in doing (做是沒(méi)有理由的)；Thank / admire /praise/blame /scold/ punish sb for doing sth因做某事而感謝、羨慕、表?yè)P(yáng)、責(zé)備、懲罰某人1. What a nice day! How about the three of us _ a walk in the park nearby?2009 A. to take B. take C

33、. taking D. to be taking2. Though her father never approved of _ to drama school, she became a well-known actress.1991 A. goingB. her to go C. her going D. her go（3）接動(dòng)名詞做介詞to 的賓語(yǔ)：apply oneself to致力于；be accustomed to習(xí)慣于；confess to供認(rèn)；come to談到；devote oneself to獻(xiàn)身于；get down to著手做；give way to 對(duì)讓步；lead t

34、o導(dǎo)致；look forward to期待；next to幾乎；object to反對(duì)；pay attention to注意；stick to堅(jiān)持；stand up to勇敢面對(duì)；turn to求助于；be used to習(xí)慣于1. Whats the chance of _ a general election this year? 2005A. there being B. there to be C. there be D. there going to be2. The meeting was put off because we _ a meeting without John. 2

35、005 A. objected having B. were objected to having C. objected to have D. objected to having考點(diǎn)3：分詞（1）從語(yǔ)態(tài)上看，現(xiàn)在分詞一般表主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞一般表被動(dòng)；（2）從時(shí)態(tài)上看，現(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去。如果分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，分詞用完成時(shí)。（3）現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式是not放在分詞之前。*非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題三步曲：一、首先確定主句；二、分析主動(dòng)被動(dòng)；三、分析動(dòng)作先后1. _ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and w

36、ork.2010 A. To be not tall B. Not being tall C. Being not tall D. Not to be tall2. "The man preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer" has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT . 2009A. the man who has prepared the documents. B. the man who has been preparing the documents.C. t

37、he man who is preparing the documents. D. the man who will prepare the documents.3. _ at in this way, the situation does not seem so desperate.2000 A. Looking B. looked C. Being looked D. to look4. If not _ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.2

38、004 A. being treated B. treatedC. be treated D. having been treated5. _, he can now only watch it on TV at home. 1998 A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match 6. He wasnt asked

39、 to take on the chairmanship of the society, _insufficiently poplar with all members.1996 A. having considered B. was considered C. was being considered D. being considered 7. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder_ out and three men climbin

40、g down it. 1995 A. throwing B. being thrown C. having thrown D. having been thrown 8. This missile is designed so that once _nothing can be done to retrieve it.1995 A. fired B. being fired C. they fired D. having fired 考點(diǎn)4：獨(dú)立主格（句中沒(méi)有連接詞，逗號(hào)分開(kāi)兩個(gè)句子，存在兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)。形式：名詞/代詞分詞）。(1) 分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的“主語(yǔ)”，相當(dāng)于各種形式的

41、狀語(yǔ)，表示一種伴隨的動(dòng)作、情況或表原因(2) 介詞（with）+名詞+形容詞/副詞+分詞，表示伴隨行動(dòng)做或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明1. Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth, wheat _ by far the biggest cereal crop.2003 A. is B. been C. be D. being 2. Time _, the celebration will be held as scheduled.2003 A. permit B. permitting C. permitted D. permits 3. There

42、_ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.2000 A. to be B. to have been C. being D. be 4. _ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.1996 A. There was B. Since C. Being D. There being 5. The countrys chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods,

43、cars _the most important of these. 1994 A. have been B. are C. being D. are being6. The tape recorder_ out of order, the students did not know what to do.1990 A. was B. Being C. has been D. was being 語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)之四 ：定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞：which（指sth 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），that（指sb或sth 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），who（指sb作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），whom（指sb作賓語(yǔ)），whose（指sb或sth，作

44、定語(yǔ)）,as（指sb,sth 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)）;做賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候， 關(guān)系代詞可以省略。關(guān)系副詞：when（指時(shí)間 on which），where（指地點(diǎn) at which），why（指原因 for which）考點(diǎn)1. 先行詞為人時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞who和that (1) 只能用who不用that：1)當(dāng)先行詞為one(s), anyone, those時(shí)；2)當(dāng)先行詞為人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)。(2) 只能用that不用who：1)當(dāng)主句已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)who時(shí)。2)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man

45、_ he was twenty years ago. 2003 A. which B. that C. who D. whom 考點(diǎn)2. 先行詞為物時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞that和which (1) 只能用that不用which：1)先行詞為much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代詞。2）先行詞既有人又有物。3）先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾。4）先行詞被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修飾。5）關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)。6) 在疑問(wèn)詞who、which、w

46、hat開(kāi)頭的句子中。7) 主句是there be句型。1. I was very interested in _ she told me.2009 A. all that B. all which C. all what D. That2. There is no one in the world _.1991 A. that ever made mistakes B. that has ever made mistakes C. that never makes mistakes D. that sometimes makes mistakes(2) 只能用which不用that: 1) 定

47、語(yǔ)從句中的介詞前置時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用which;We depend on the land from which we get our food. 2) 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只能用which,其先行詞可是一個(gè)詞, 也可是整個(gè)主句或主句的某一部分。 1. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, _is something we had not expected. 2003 A. which B. it C. that D. what 2. Weve just in

48、stalled two air-conditioners in our apartment, _should make great differences in our life next summer.2002 A. which B. what C. that D. They考點(diǎn)3：介詞+關(guān)系代詞 (which/ whom)(1) 關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定方法：定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，或者從句的動(dòng)詞、形容詞的習(xí)慣性搭配。1. The party, _I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.2006 A. by which B

49、. for which C. to which D. at which2. Ive never been to Lhasa, but thats the city _.1999A. Id most like to visit B. which I like to visit mostly C. where I like to visit D. Id like much to visit3.I have never been to London, but that is the city _.1997A. where I like to visit most B. I'd most li

50、ke to visit.C. which I like to visit mostly D. where I'd like most to visit(2) Whose從句1. Above the trees are the hills, _ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.2003 A. where B. of whose C. whose D. which考點(diǎn)4：關(guān)系副詞的運(yùn)用 先行詞為“時(shí)間的名詞”用when1. She remembered several occasions in the pa

51、st _she had experienced a similar feeling.1998A. which B. before C. that D. when 先行詞為“表示地點(diǎn)的名詞”用where1. Have you ever been in a situation _ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?2002 A. by which B. that C. in where D. Where 先行詞為“表示原因的名詞”why：reasonwhy（表示原因的名詞只有一個(gè)）考點(diǎn)5：as與whic

52、h引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as 放在句首句中都可以，which 必需放在句中，但下列情況多用as: 1) 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句居句首時(shí)。As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 2) 當(dāng)與such as或the same連用時(shí)，一般用as。3) as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)與主句在意義上和諧一致，which無(wú)此限制： He went abroad, as which was expected. 他出國(guó)了，正如大家預(yù)料到的。 He went abroad, which was unexpected.

53、 他出國(guó)了，這讓大家感到很意外。(不用as) 1. Only take these clothes _really necessary.1994 A. as were B. as they are C. as they were D. as are2. _ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals. 1994 A. That B. It C. This D. As 注意：定語(yǔ)從句中主謂一致問(wèn)題：從句中的動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它的先行詞保持一致。He is one of the teachers who know English well. He is the only one of the teachers who knows English well.(特殊) 語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)之五：狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)1：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞：when, while, as, till/until, before,