上海牛津英語7AUnit45知識點及語法重點

1、教學內(nèi)容：7aunit4. 5知識點及語法重點（現(xiàn)在完成時）教學重點：三種時態(tài)的訓練和鞏固教學難點：現(xiàn)在完成時瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉換教學過程:1、課文知識點講解2、時態(tài)練習3、練習鞏固 4、家庭作業(yè)1. 用there be句型表示客觀存在（就近原則）2. 現(xiàn)在完成時（一）含義現(xiàn)在完成吋用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，但其結果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，也就是說, 動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。e.g. i have lost my wallet.（含義是：現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了。）jane has laid the table.（含義是：已可以吃飯 了。）michael has bee

2、n ill.（含義是：現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱。）he has returned from abroad.（含義是：現(xiàn)在已在此地）（二）結構助動詞have /has+動詞過去分詞，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)用has,其他人稱用have。（三）句型1、肯定句：主語+have /has+動詞過去分詞+其他。i have studied english for 5 years .2、否定句：主語+have /has+not +動詞過去分詞+其他。we haven't been there .3、一般疑問句：have/has+主語+動詞過去分詞+其他？has he eaten that apple ?4、特殊疑

3、問句：特殊疑問詞+ have /has +主語+動詞過去分詞+其他？（四）用法1、現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況，常與for, since連用。e.g. mary has been ill for three days.i have lived here since 1998.2現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等:e.g. he has already obtained a scholarship.i haven't seen much of him r

4、ecently （lately）.we have seen that film before.have they found the missing child yet?3. 現(xiàn)在完成吋常常與表示頻度的吋間狀語連用e.g. have you ever been to beijing?i have never heard bunny say anything against he匚i have used this pen only three limes. it is still good.george has met that gentleman on several occasions.4、

5、現(xiàn)在完成吋還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在吋間在內(nèi)的吋間狀語連用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far 等。e.g. peter has written six papers so far.man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.there has bee too much rain this year.the rela

6、tions between us have been enhanced in the past few years.up to the present everything has been successful.5、現(xiàn)在完成時表示現(xiàn)在之前就已完成的動作，雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù)，但是有一 些現(xiàn)在完成吋的句子，在后面加上for+段吋間，則現(xiàn)在完成吋的動作就表示延續(xù)性。e.g. thomas has studied russian.（現(xiàn)在不再學俄語）thomas has studied russian for three years. （=thomas began to study

7、russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.）6、現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)重復發(fā)生的動作。e.g. we have had four texts this semeste匚現(xiàn)在完成吋中的吋間狀語：already通常用于肯定句中，意為“已經(jīng)”，位于行為動詞之前,be動詞、助動詞之后。有時可放在疑問 句句尾，表示驚訝。例如：we have already cleaned the classroom.have you finished it already ?yet用于疑問句中表示“已經(jīng)”；用于否定句中，表

8、示“還（沒）”。例如：has he found his watch yet?他還沒找到他的表嗎？no, not ye匸 是，還沒有。ever意為“曾經(jīng)”，常用于疑問句或否定句中，位于助動詞和過去分詞之間，表示從過去到目前為止的 時間。例如：have you ever been there ?你曾經(jīng)去過那里嗎？nothing has ever happened here.這里未曾發(fā)牛過什么事。never意為“（曾經(jīng)）從未、沒有”,是否定副詞，在句中位于助動詞和過去分詞之間。ever與否定詞 not連用相當于neverc例如：i haven' t ever spoken to her. =

9、 i have never spoken to hei*.我從未跟她講過話。just意為“剛剛”，用于現(xiàn)在完成時，表示行為剛剛過去，位于助動詞與過去分詞之間。e.g. he has just come back from school.他剛從學校冋來。 just now意為'岡i才”，表示過去某時，用于一般過去時，位于句首或句尾均njoe.g. he came from school just now.他剛才從學?；貋?。for和since的用法及區(qū)別。for與一段時間連用，since與時間點連用。注意：since后接過去吋的時間狀語或過去時的句子。e.g. 1 have been to

10、 shanghai twice since 1970.i haven't seen her since she left shanghai.i saw ping ping six years ago. since i havenever seen hci*. have/has gone to> have/has been to 和 have/hasbeen in的區(qū)別。 have/ has gone to have/ has been to have/ has been in去了,在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未冋來 曾經(jīng)去過，人已經(jīng)回來了已經(jīng)在，常與一段時間連用e.g. she

11、has been to shanghai before. 她以前曾去過上海。she has been in shanghai for ten years. 她在上海 10 年了。has he gone to qingdao?他去青島 了嗎？但不能說 have you gone to qingdao? 區(qū)分短暫性動詞與持續(xù)性動詞.表示短暫性（瞬間性）的動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時的句中不能和一段時間連用.短暫性的動詞如：come, go, join, leave, buy等，在完成時態(tài)中不能與for,since短語或how long等引起的時間狀語連用。瞬間動詞不能直接與for, since連用，要改變動詞

12、為延續(xù)性動詞。瞬間動詞轉換為延續(xù)性動詞:buy have borrow keep arrive/ come be in /atleave away (from) join-be a member of/be in die be dead get up - be up get married- be marriedgo there be there begin/startbe on stopbe over open be open現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別:i般過去式：過去吋表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動 作。現(xiàn)在完成時：為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影

13、響。 靦在芫戒曲強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系,對現(xiàn)在的影響。一般過去時強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。一看時間狀語。如果句中沒有表示過去確切時間的狀語，常用現(xiàn)在完成時；如 果有，則只能用一般過去時。如：i have visited the factory.i visited the factory last yean二看句首有無疑問詞。如果籠統(tǒng)地問人家做過某事了嗎（句首無疑問詞），常用 現(xiàn)在完成時；但進一步詢問何時、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事時（句首 有疑問詞）就要用一般過去時。如： have you had your breakfast? yes, i have.when d

14、id you have it?at seven thirty.注意：這種用法是以連貫性問答為背景的。否則就需要具體情況具體分析。如:how many words have you learned by heart?how did you learn them by heart?三看句中謂語動詞是否為延續(xù)性動詞。如果表示的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 最好選用延續(xù)性動詞，并使用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果是瞬間動詞，則用一般過去時。如:he has been a league member for two months. he joined the youth league two months ago.現(xiàn)在

15、完成時練習題一、單項選擇1、both his parents look sad.maybe they what's happened to him.a knew b have known c must know d .will know2、he has been to shanghai, has he ?a. already b .neverc .everd. still3、have you met mr li?a just b. ago c .before d . a moment ago4> the famous writerone new book in the past

16、two yeara. is writing b .was writing c .wrote d .has written5、-our countiy a lot so far .-yes . i hope it will be even.a has changed ; well b . changed ; goodc has changed ; better d. changed ; better6、zhao lanalready in this school for two years .a. was ; studyingb . will ; studyc. has ; studied7、w

17、exiao li since shed are ; studying was a littlea. know b . had known c . haveknown d.girl.knew8、harry potter is a very nice film a a.will seeb have seenit twice c.sawd.see9、-these farmers have been to the unitedstates -really ? when there ?a. will they gob. did they goc. do they god. have they gone1

18、0、-youyour homework yet ?yes i it a moment ago a did ; do ; finished b. have ; done ; finishedc . have ; done ; have finished d. will; do ; finish 二、句型轉換for a year, （die）（動詞填空）3、the old manlast year. he4、this factory opened twenty years ago.（|司義句轉換）this factoryfor twenty years.5、miss gao left an hou

19、r ago.（同義句轉換）miss gaoan hour ago.6、her mother has been a party member for three years .（同義句）her motherthe party three years 7、the green family moved to france two years ago.（同 義句轉換）two yearsthe green family moved to fra nee.二、句型轉換。1、has he?4、has been open7、it is, since8、the bus has arrived here. it

20、arrived ten minutes ago.（把兩個句子合并成一個句子）2、how long3 died, has been dead5、has been away6> joined； ago8、the bus has been here for ten minutes.7a unit 5 choosing a new flat語言點：1、think about sth./ doing sth.考慮某事2、what' s the matter （with sb./sth.）?二what' s wrong （with sb./sth.）?（某人/某物）出什么問題了？3、

21、tidy up使整齊4、need sth. / don，t need sth.need to do/ don't need to do需要某物/不需要某物5、much bigger （修飾比較級用 much, far, even,a little, a bit）大了許多6、enough space （space 不可數(shù)名詞）足夠的空間7、look for/ find尋找8、what kind of flat.?哪一種公寓？9、an underground station地鐵站10、on a removal day在搬家的那天11、next to=beside在旁邊12、opposite

22、 the sofa在沙發(fā)的對面13、between a and b在 a 和 b 之間14、in front of在刖面15、move to搬去某地16、a flat with abalcony有陽臺的公寓17、on the rug在地毯上二詞性轉換：1、choose v.choice n.chosevpchoosen vpp.2、tidy v. / a.untidy a.3、balcony n.balconiespl.4、agency n.agent n.代理人5、helper n.help v.helpfula.helpless a.6、shelf n.shelvespl.7、remova

23、l n.removev.movev.8、differencefl differenta.9、busy a.businessn.businessmann.語法：1方位介詞和介詞詞組的用法a2祈使句 3掌握用too加上形容詞表示“太"的用法 4掌握need后面直接加名詞表示“需要”的用法5學會用某些副詞修飾形容詞的比較級6 了解形容詞最高級的用法unit five choosing a new flat (exercise)page 351 ben's bedroom is(tidy). mrs. liasks him to tidy it uponce a day.2. our

24、 flat is too small i am looking for a(big) one3. his uncle is a(remove) man. he always moves people's furniture to their new flats4. in our study, there are two(shelf) and a wardrobe5. we'lla bigger flat. we'll go tothe estate agency tomorrow. (look out/look up/lookat/look for)6 please t

25、idy your things, ben. (away/up/on/in)7. your bedroom is very untidy please put your things(tidily/tidy/untidy/untidily)8. my brother isthan me now(more bigger/more big/much bigger)9my bedroom isin my house. (smahest/smaller/the smallest)10. our flat has tworooms, (live)11. ben's bedroom hasspace

26、 for all this things. (many/enouglva few)12. our flat has got two bedrooms.(改為一般疑問句)your flattwo bedrooms?13. our flat has one living room and one kitchen.(改否定句)our flatone living room or one kitchen.14. lets talk to dad when he comes home.(反意疑問句)let's talk to dad when he comes home,?page 361 ho

27、w manyare there in your flat, lucy? (balcony)2 i like a flattwo bedrooms and a balcony, (have/has/with/of)3 it i go to the estate(agency) tomorrow.4. ed like to live near the underground station.(劃線提問) you like to live?5. we'll look for a new flat.(劃線提問) we look for?6. can i help you?(保持原句意思)can i doyou?7. the cinema is near my home.(保持原意)