必修三四知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載高一英語必修4各單元學(xué)問點(diǎn)歸納unit1 women of achievement重要詞匯拓展1 achievement n.成就，功績 achieve v. 達(dá)到，完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)2 welfare n福利事業(yè)，福利3. project n.方案 , 方案 ,設(shè)計(jì)，工程 , 企業(yè) , 事業(yè)，科研項(xiàng)目; 課外自修項(xiàng)目vi.伸出 , 突出設(shè)想自已處身于into4. specialist n. 專家，專業(yè)工作者special adj. 特殊的，特地的specialize vi. 專攻，特地從事5. connectionn. 連接，關(guān)系connect v. 連接6. conditionn.

2、 狀況（不行數(shù)），條件（可數(shù)），環(huán)境（復(fù)數(shù)）on no condition決不7. organizationn. 組織，機(jī)構(gòu)，團(tuán)體organize vt. 組織 ;籌備 , 成立 ;使加入工會，使有條理8. behave v. 舉止，表現(xiàn) behavior n. 行為，舉止9. shade n. 陰涼處v. 遮住光線10. worthwhile adj.值得的，值得做的it is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth. worth adj.值，值得be worth doingworthy adj.值得做的，可敬重的be worthy of sth/ being do

3、nebe worthy to bedone11. observe v.觀看，觀測，遵守observation n.觀看，觀測12. respect v./n.敬重，敬重，敬意respectable adj.值得敬重的，正派的，風(fēng)光地respectful adj.有禮貌的，敬重的13. argue .v.爭辯，辯論argument n.爭辯，辯論argued-adj引起爭辯的14. entertainment-n款待，消遣entertain-v款待；款待，消遣，抱有，懷著（想法、疑問）15. crowd n.人群，觀眾v.擠滿，使擁擠crowded adj.擁擠的16. inspire v.激勵(lì)

4、，激發(fā) inspired adj.受到激勵(lì)的，有靈感的inspiring adj.激勵(lì)人的 inspiration n.激勵(lì)，靈感17 support v.支持，擁護(hù)supporter n.支持者，擁護(hù)者18. refer-vi談到，查閱，參考19. intend v.方案，準(zhǔn)備 intention n.準(zhǔn)備，目的，意圖20. considerate adj.考慮周到的 consider v. 考慮，認(rèn)為consideration n考慮，體諒considering prep考慮到21. kind adj慈愛的，和善的，友愛的kindnessn 慈愛，好意，和善學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載22. deli

5、ver v.遞送，生（小孩），接生，發(fā)表（演講等）delivery n. 投遞，交貨，分娩23. modest adj虛心的，謙讓的，適度的重點(diǎn)短語梳理1 devoteto doing sth 把.用心致志于2 human beings人類3 move off離開，啟程，動(dòng)身4 lead al過ife著的生活貢獻(xiàn)給 devote oneself to致力于，獻(xiàn)身于be devoted to5 crowd in涌上心頭，涌入腦海6 look down on/ upon藐視，瞧不起7 refer to查閱，參考，談到其中， to 為介詞 8 by chance碰巧，湊巧9. come across

6、偶遇，碰見10. carry on連續(xù)，堅(jiān)持carry out實(shí)行，執(zhí)行，完成11. be dressed in穿著dress as 裝扮成 12.fight for為.而戰(zhàn)fight against與戰(zhàn)爭 13.put to death判死刑14. concern oneself with關(guān)注留意15. intend to do sth./ doing sth.準(zhǔn)備做某事16. in the shade of在的樹蔭下，在的庇護(hù)下17. gain doctor s de獲g得ree博士學(xué)位18. be considered as被看做.19. take turns to do sth實(shí)行步驟

7、做某事20. do research on做方 面的討論21. mean to do準(zhǔn)備做某事mean doing意味著22. by now直到現(xiàn)在重點(diǎn)句型再現(xiàn)1 she spent years observing and recording their daily activities.她花去多年的時(shí)間觀看和記錄它們的日?；顒?dòng)；（spend+ 時(shí)間 / 金錢 +doing sth花時(shí)間或金錢去做某事）2 only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her pr

8、oject.她的母親頭幾個(gè)月來幫過她的忙；這才使她得以開頭自己的方案；（only 位于句首并修飾狀語，句子要發(fā)生部分倒裝，將助動(dòng)詞或聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞置于主語之前）學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載3 following jane s way of studing chi,mopusr group are all going to visit them in the forest.我們一行人將依據(jù)jane 討論猩猩的方法去森林里拜望他們；（-ing 作方式狀語；留意非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)的區(qū)分：-ing 主動(dòng) / 進(jìn)行 / 連續(xù)， -ed 被動(dòng)/ 過去， to do 主動(dòng) / 將來）4. it seemed that she

9、 had been very busy in her chosen carrer travelling abroad tostudy as well as writing books and articles看起來她忙于所選擇的和寫作一樣的到國外討論；（it seemed that+從句：似乎是，看起來似乎是；as well as仍有）5. what made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients后來使她勝利的是她對全部病人獻(xiàn)出的愛心和愛護(hù)；（what mad

10、e her succeed主語從句；明白what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的譯法，明白它們在句中的成分：作主語、賓語、表語、同位語）語法剖析（主謂一樣）主謂一樣，指人稱和數(shù)方面的一樣關(guān)系；分為:語法一樣 , 內(nèi)容一樣 , 就近一樣；一 語法一樣原就: 即主語為單數(shù), 謂語用單數(shù) , 主語為復(fù)數(shù) , 謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)；以下為留意事項(xiàng) :1. 單數(shù)主語即使后面帶有with , along with, together with, like象 , but 除了 ,except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than而不是 , including, in a

11、ddition to引導(dǎo)的短語 ,謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)； 如: air as well as water is matter.空氣和水都是物質(zhì)； no one except two servants was late for the dinner.除了兩個(gè)仆人外, 沒有一個(gè)人遲來用餐；2. 用 and 連接的并列主語,假如主語是同一個(gè)人,同一事 ,同一概念 , 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),否就用復(fù)數(shù)；如:the poet and writer has come.那位詩人兼作家來了. 一個(gè)人 a hammer and a saw are useful tools.錘子和鋸都是有用的工具. 兩樣物 用 and 連

12、接的成對名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體, 如 :bread and butter黃油抹面包 , knife and fork 刀叉 等作主語時(shí) , 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；3. 不定式 短語 , 動(dòng)名詞 短語 ,或從句作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 如 : serving the people is my great happiness.為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.when we ll go out for an outing has been decided.我們什么時(shí)候出去郊游已打算了；4. 用連接的并列主語被each, every或 no 修飾時(shí) , 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).every boy and ever

13、y girl likes to go swimming.每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都喜愛去游泳.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載no teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.沒有老師也沒有同學(xué)開會缺席. each man and each woman is asked to help.每個(gè)男人和每個(gè)女人都被請去幫忙；5. each of +復(fù)數(shù)代詞 , 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 復(fù)數(shù)代詞 +each,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如: each of us has something to say.我們每個(gè)人都有話要說；6. 如主語中有more than one或 many a

14、/an ,盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù), 但它的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)；但 more+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +than one做主語時(shí) , 謂語動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù). 如:many a boy likes playing basketball.很多男生都喜愛打籃球. more than one student was late.不只一個(gè)同學(xué)遲到more persons than one come to help us.不止一個(gè)人來幫忙我們；7. none做主語時(shí) , 謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可用復(fù)數(shù) ;但在代表不行數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù) ,因而謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:none of us are is perfect.人無完人

15、；none of this worries me.這事一點(diǎn)不使我焦急；8. 名詞如 : trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses等作主語時(shí) , 謂語動(dòng)詞必需用復(fù)數(shù) . 如:his clothes are good.但這些名詞前如顯現(xiàn)a pair of ,謂語一般用單數(shù).如: a pair of glasses is on the desk.桌上有一副眼鏡；9. 形復(fù)意單名詞如:news ;以 ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如: physics, mathematics, economics;國名如 : the united states;報(bào)紙名如 : th

16、e new times;書名如 : arabian night< 天方夜談 >以及 the united nations<聯(lián)合國 >等作主語時(shí) , 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；10. “ a名+詞 +and a half“ ,“ one and a名ha詞lf ”+語時(shí) , 謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:only one and a half apples is left on the table.,“ the number of 名+ 詞 ”等作主留意 : one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:one or two places have been vis

17、ited.參觀了一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)；二 內(nèi)容一樣原就:1. 主語中有 all, half, most, the rest等, 以及 ”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + 名詞 ”做主語時(shí) ,謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞.如:the rest of the bikes are on sale today.剩下的自行車，今日出售；60%of the apple was eaten by little boy.這個(gè)蘋果的60% 都被這個(gè)小男孩吃了；most of the apples were rotten.大部分的蘋果都是爛的；most of the apple was eaten by a rat.這個(gè)蘋果的大部分被老

18、鼠吃了；2. 不定數(shù)量的詞組, 如 :part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主語時(shí) , 謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù).如:a part of the textbooks have arrived.一小部分教科書已運(yùn)到；a part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig.這個(gè)蘋果的一部分被豬吃光了；學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載3. 加減乘除用單數(shù). 如:fifteen minus five is ten . 15減去 5 等于 10；4. 表示時(shí)間 , 金錢 ,

19、 距離 , 度量等的名詞做主語時(shí), 盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 它們做為一個(gè)單一的概念時(shí) , 其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 如:ten miles is a good distance.十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x；5. 1通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括 police , people, cattle等, 這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù) .如:the british police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不行數(shù)名詞的集體名詞. 包括 equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage等.(3) 可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括audience,

20、committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public等. 如:the committee has/have decided to dismiss him.委員會打算解雇他；6. the +形容詞 / 過去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物, 作主語時(shí) , 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).如: the injured were saved after the fire.三 就近原就1. 由 here, there, where等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中, 有時(shí)主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一樣 . 如:here comes the bus公共

21、汽車來了.here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you.給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙；where is your wife and children to stay while you are away.你不在這兒的時(shí)候, 你愛人和孩子在哪兒呆呢？2. 用連詞 or, either. or, neither.nor, not only.等bu連t a接ls的o 并列主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一樣；如：neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it同學(xué)和老師都不知道這事.h

22、e or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的鋼筆；留意 : one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +who/that/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中, 定語從句的動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)；如：mary is one of those people who keep pets.瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一；the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + who/that./which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，定語從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)；mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets.瑪麗是唯獨(dú)一個(gè)飼養(yǎng)寵物的人；units 2 working the land重要詞匯

23、拓展1 sunburn v.日曬，曬黑sunburnt adj.曬黑的2 struggle v./n.掙扎，奮斗，努力struggle againststruggle forstruggle with學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載3 decade n. 十年，十年期4 super n. 冗員 , 額外人員 ; 口 特級品 , 特大號商品 ;超級市場adj 特級的 , 極好的 ,特殊的5. hunger n.饑餓，期望 /v. 使饑餓 hungry adj.饑餓的；期望的6. output n.產(chǎn)量，輸出， input輸入，消費(fèi)7. disturbingadj引起苦惱的，令人擔(dān)心的，disturb v.打攪，

24、麻煩8. expand vt.擴(kuò)大 , 擴(kuò)展 ,張開 , 使發(fā) , 詳談 ; 引伸9. circulate v.循環(huán)，流通circulation n.循環(huán)，流傳10. battle n.戰(zhàn)爭，戰(zhàn)爭v. 搏斗，奮斗11. therefore adv.因此，所以12. rid vt擺脫，除去13. freedomn自由，自主freeadj自由的，免費(fèi)的14. equip v. 配備，裝備 equipment n.設(shè)備15. export v.輸出，出口n. 輸出（品） import v. 輸入，進(jìn)口n. 進(jìn)口（品） 16.nationality n國籍， nationaladj國家的，民族的nat

25、ionn. 國家 17.occupationn 工作，職業(yè)，占據(jù)occupyv. 占用，使從事，把留意力集中于. 占領(lǐng), 占據(jù)18.confuse v.使困惑，使犯難confused adj.感到困惑的confusing adj.令人困惑的19 regret v./n.懊悔，遺憾 regretful adj.懊悔的，遺憾的20. productionn. 生產(chǎn)，制造， productive可生產(chǎn)的，可制造的，producev 生產(chǎn)，制造21. discoveryn.發(fā)覺，發(fā)覺， discover-v發(fā)覺，22. focusv.集中，聚焦， n焦點(diǎn)，中心點(diǎn)23. reduce v.削減，縮減 r

26、eductionn. 削減，縮減 24 comment n./v.評論，談?wù)撝攸c(diǎn)短語梳理1 if not假如不. if so假如這樣，2. consider oneself sth自認(rèn)為是consider sb sth認(rèn)為某人是3. since then從那時(shí)起4. search for a way to do sth查找做某事的途徑； 5.thanks to幸虧，由于，由于（to 為介詞） 6.ridof 擺脫 ，除去get rid of除去7. be satisfied with對感到中意8 would rather do than do寧愿，寧可也不=would do rather th

27、an do 9with the hope of滿懷期望 .10. in some way在某種程度上學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載11. cause damage to對造成危害；12. build up增強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)大13. lead to導(dǎo)致，造成 to 為介詞 14. focus on集中（留意力、精力等）于15. keepfrom/o使f免受（影響、損害等）重點(diǎn)句型再現(xiàn)1. dr yuan longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士種植的是被稱為“超級雜交水稻”的稻種；（what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作賓語）2. the special s

28、train of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same field.這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收成三分之一的產(chǎn)量；（makes it possible中 it 為形式賓語， to do 不定式短語為真正賓語）3. it s a great pity tha 很t遺憾的是.4. using his hybrid rice， farmers are producing harvest twice as large as before.由于使用了他的雜質(zhì)水稻，農(nóng)夫的豐收是以前的兩倍；（-i

29、ng 動(dòng)詞短語作緣由狀語）語法剖析（非謂語動(dòng)詞- 動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式作主語和賓語）一、動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作主語 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作主語常用來表示常常性和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作主語通常放在句首，謂語用單數(shù)形式；例如：listening to music is my sisters hobby. 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作主語時(shí)，為了保持句子平穩(wěn)，可以用it 作形式主語；常用的結(jié)構(gòu)：1. it is + no use / no good / useless etc.+ v-ing2. it is + nice / good / interesting / a waste ofit

30、 is no use crying over spilt milk.二、動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓語 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語，又可作介詞的賓語；1. 以下動(dòng)詞或短語只接動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作賓語：-ing例如：etc. + vadmit, avoid, appreciate, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, keep, mind, miss, suggest等動(dòng)詞 ; can t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, think of, set about, dream of等短語；2. 在以下短語中，to 是介詞，

31、后面應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作賓語：be / get used to, look forward to, devoteto, pay attention等to；, object to3. 以下動(dòng)詞或短語既可以跟動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)分：學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載 like, love, prefer如表示常常性的行為后接動(dòng)詞-ing 形式；如表示詳細(xì)的行為常用動(dòng) 詞不定式， 但要留意： 假如 like, love, prefer前有 would ，后面就接動(dòng)詞不定式；如： wouldyou like to go shopping with me. 以下幾組詞接動(dòng)詞-i

32、ng 形式作賓語和不定式作賓語含義不同： forget doing遺忘已做過某事；forget to do遺忘要做某事 remember doing記得做過某事；remember to do記住要做某事 mean doing意思是，意味著；mean to do準(zhǔn)備做regret doing懊悔做過某事 ;regret to do遺憾要做某事can t help doing禁不住做；can t help to do 不能幫忙做； 在 allow, permit, advise等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作賓語， 假如這些詞后面出名詞或代詞作賓語，其后要用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語；如：we do

33、n t allow smoking in the cla ssroom. we don t allow students to smoke. 動(dòng)詞 need, require, want作“需要 ”解時(shí)，其后用動(dòng)詞-ing 的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞-ing 的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義；如：your coat wants washing. = your coat wants to be washed.三、動(dòng)詞 -ing 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞 -ing 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)即：物主代詞或名詞全部格作賓語時(shí)也可以用代詞賓格或名詞一般格 +動(dòng)詞 -ing ；如：lucy tusrning up surp

34、rised everyone present. would you mind my / me using your mobile phone.四、動(dòng)詞 -ing 的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及否定形式動(dòng)詞-ing 有一般式 doing和完成式havingdone兩種時(shí)態(tài)，一般式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是being done ，完成式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是having been done；動(dòng)詞 -ing 的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前；動(dòng)詞 -ing 的否定形式是在doing 之前加 not ；例如： i m sorry for not having told you the news earlier.unit 3 a

35、 taste of english humour重要詞匯拓展1 humour n.幽默 humorous adj.幽默的2 content adj.滿意的，中意的n. 滿意；內(nèi)容v. 使?jié)M意3 performer n.表演者，演出者perform v.表演；做，履行，執(zhí)行performance n.表演，履行4 astonishv. 使詫異 astonishing adj.令人詫異的astonished adj.感到詫異的5 fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)的 fortune v.幸運(yùn)，運(yùn)氣fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地unfortunately adv.不幸地學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載6 de

36、pressedadj. 悲傷的 , 抑郁的 ,消沉的，蕭條的depress-v使消沉 , 使懊喪 , 愁苦，使貶值 ,7. ordinaryadj. 平常的，一般的8. boredadj. 厭煩的 bore v. 使厭煩 boring adj.令人厭煩的9. entertain v.使歡快，款待entertainment n.款待；消遣，消遣10. throughoutprep. 遍及，貫穿adv. 處處，始終，全部 11.homelessadj無家可歸的，12. wornadj用舊的，用壞的，破爛的13. overcome v.戰(zhàn)勝，克服14. convince v.使信服 convinci

37、ng adj.令人信服的 convinced adj.信任的，信服的15. direct v. 導(dǎo)演， 指示， 指揮adj. 直的， 直接的 director n. 導(dǎo)演， 指揮 directly adv.直地，直接地direction n.指導(dǎo)，方向 16.enjoymentn 享樂，歡快，樂趣 17.outstanding adj.突出的，杰出的，顯著的18.particular adj.特殊的，特殊的particularly adv.特殊地，特殊地19 occasion n. 時(shí)刻， 場合 occasional adj. 有時(shí)的， 暫時(shí)的 occasionally adv.有時(shí)地，有時(shí)地

38、20. slide v./n.滑動(dòng)，滑行21. amuse v. 使發(fā)笑，使開心amused adj. 開心的 amusing adj. 逗人發(fā)笑的，令人開心的 amusement n.開心，歡快22. whisper v./n.耳語，低聲說23、react v. 做出反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)reaction n. 反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)重點(diǎn)短語梳理1 break into闖入，進(jìn)入2 up to now直到現(xiàn)在3 brighten the lives of照亮某人的生活道路 4 feel/be content with對滿意 5 badly off窮的，缺少的6 in search of查找. 7 pick out選

39、擇出，辨認(rèn)出 8 on the edge of在邊沿 9 cut off切斷，斷絕10 in silence緘默，不作聲11. make use of使用12. be angry about對很憤怒13. star in擔(dān)任主角，主演學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載重點(diǎn)句型再現(xiàn)1.he made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.在人們感到懊喪的時(shí)候，卓別林使他們開懷大笑，于是人們對自己的生活感到比較滿足；2 no one was ever bore

40、d watching himhis subtle acting made everything entertaining.看他的表演沒有人會感到無聊他奇妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑；3 instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountian during asnowstorm with nothing to eat.相反，他們被暴風(fēng)雪困在山邊的一個(gè)小木屋中，沒有任何東西可吃；with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作相伴狀語語法剖析（動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式作定語、表語和補(bǔ)語）一、動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作表語1. 表示主語的內(nèi)容,可以轉(zhuǎn)換到句首作

41、主語her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job她的工作是盡量使報(bào)告廳保持潔凈；2. 表示主語具有的特點(diǎn)、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ing相當(dāng)一個(gè)形容詞）the problem is quite puzzling.這個(gè)問題很令困惑；3. 常用來作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, m

42、oving, tiring, interesting, surprising等；全析提示：動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作表語時(shí)，其規(guī)律主語往往是句子中的主語，但用作表語的-ing 形式也可帶有自己的規(guī)律主語；what worries me most is her staying too late every night.staying too late everynight 的規(guī)律主語是her二、動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作定語1 單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義； 說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能；a reading room = a room which is used for rea

43、ding閱覽室running shoes=shoes for running跑鞋a working method =a method for working工作方法 表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個(gè)定語從句，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示常常性動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)；學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載developing countries = countries that are developing進(jìn)展中國家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起來很一般的房子a puzzling problem = a problem

44、that puzzles somebody困擾人的問題2 作定語的動(dòng)詞-ing 形式如是一個(gè)短語，就應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面, 做后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句；they lived in a house facing south.=which is facing south他們住在一所朝南的房子里；do you know the boy playing basket.（ =who is playing basket你熟識在打籃球的那個(gè)男孩嗎？the man visiting japan =the man who is visiting japan is my uncle正在拜訪日本的那個(gè)男人是我的

45、叔叔；三、動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓補(bǔ)1、動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語常放在賓語后面，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作， 強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程或一種狀態(tài)；when we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.2、當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí), 原先作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞-ing 形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補(bǔ)足語；they found the film very exciting. = the film is found very exciting.3、能用 -ing 形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的幾類動(dòng)詞:1) 表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的感官動(dòng)詞，（常見的

46、有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等） + sb + doing sth（作賓補(bǔ)）i felt somebody standing behind me.2) 表示指使意義的動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞，（常見的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等）+sb/ sth + doing sth 作賓補(bǔ)）we kept the fire burning all night long.我們讓火整夜燃燒著；i won t have you running about in the room

47、.我不答應(yīng)你在房間里跑來跑去；4、see, hear, feel, watch等動(dòng)詞之后用-ing 形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)分：we heard the telephone ring.we heard the telephone ringing.前者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，后者表示（或強(qiáng)調(diào)）動(dòng)作的全過程；unit4 body language重要詞匯拓展1. statement; n.陳述；說明state-vt.陳述；表達(dá)；聲明2. greet-v問候，迎接，打招呼greetingn 敬禮，致意greetings問候語，致詞3. represent-v.代表，象征representative

48、 -n.代表4. association; n.社團(tuán)；聯(lián)系；聯(lián)想 associate;vt.使發(fā)生聯(lián)系 , 使聯(lián)合 adj. associated聯(lián)合的 , 關(guān)聯(lián)的學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載5. curious adj.奇怪的 curiously adv.奇怪地6. dormitoryn 宿舍7. approach; vi.&vt.接近；靠近n. 接近；方法；途徑. approachable -adj.可到達(dá)的；可靠近的8. defend -vt.愛護(hù)；保衛(wèi)defense- n.防衛(wèi)；防衛(wèi)設(shè)備；防備9. major-adj.主要的 minor -adj.較小的；次要的10dash-v猛沖，突進(jìn)

49、.11. misunderstand -vt.誤會；誤會 misunderstanding -n.誤會；誤會 understanding -n.諒解 , 懂得12. adult-n成人，成年人adj成人的，成熟的13. spoken- adj.口語的unspoken-adj.非口語的；未說出口的14. function-n作用，動(dòng)能，只能v- 起作用，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) 15.likely- adj.可能的16. false adj錯(cuò)誤的，假的true真的，正確的17. ease-n.安逸；舒服vt. 減輕（痛楚；擔(dān)憂）easeful-adj.舒服的 , 安逸的18. truly- adv.真實(shí)地；真誠地；

50、真正地true-adj.真實(shí)的 , 真正的19. anger- n.怒氣；怒火angry- adj.憤怒的重點(diǎn)短語梳理1. defend against保衛(wèi)以免受 2.intruduce sb to sb向某人介紹某人 3.kiss sb on some part親吻某人的某個(gè)部位 4.in defence防備，保證5. together with與某人一起6. be likely to很可能；有期望7. reach one s hand out to s把th手伸出來取某物 8.on the contrary相反9. nod at sb向某人點(diǎn)頭10. greet sb with/by通過向

51、某人問候11. express one s fee表lin達(dá)gs某人的感情12. in general總的來說；通常13. at a job fair在求職會上14. be nervous about對感到緊急15. at ease舒服；歡快；自由悠閑16. loseface 丟臉17. turn one s bac背k t對o ；背棄18. turn one s head aw把a(bǔ)頭y轉(zhuǎn)過去學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載19. be willing to期望. , 情愿.20. look upset about sth對.感到懊喪重點(diǎn)句型再現(xiàn)1. i saw several young people en

52、ter the waiting area looking around curiously.我觀察幾個(gè)年輕人走進(jìn)了等候區(qū)，奇怪地向四周張望；2. the first person to arrive was tony garcia from colombia, closely followed by julia smith from britain.第一個(gè)到達(dá)的是從哥倫比亞來的托尼.加西亞，隨后緊跟著的是英國的茱莉亞 .史密斯；3. she stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defense.她后退了幾步，看上去有些驚訝，并舉起了手，似乎是在防衛(wèi)；4. not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way withtouching or distance between people.各種文化背景下的人互致問候的方式不盡相同，身體接觸和相互間距的程度也不盡相同；5. we can often be wrong about each other, so it is an