初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理及練習(xí)題2

1、中學(xué)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式用法動(dòng)詞不定式是由“不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)；有些動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，動(dòng)詞不定式可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或單獨(dú)使用；不定式保留動(dòng)詞的某些特性，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀 語(yǔ)等；動(dòng)詞不定式和它后面的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等一起構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，叫作不定式短語(yǔ)； 一、用作主語(yǔ)直接把動(dòng)詞不定式置于句首的情形不多，多數(shù)情形用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末，特殊是不定式短語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)；動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；帶疑問詞的不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)常置于句首，復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)常置于句末；如：1. i t is our duty to tr

2、y our best to deal with these problems. 2.the head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. 3.how to learn english wellis important.4. to see is to believe.眼見為實(shí)；百聞不如一見二、用作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)，常說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)；如：1. the best way is to join an english club.2. the first thing is to listen to the teach

3、er carefully.三、用作賓語(yǔ)1.可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求挑選同意ask, choose,agree，期望打算學(xué)習(xí) expect, hope, decide, learn，寧可假裝知道 prefer, pretend, know ，期望想要情愿 wish, want, would like / love；如：1we decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 2he prefers to eat white bread and rice.3id love to visit mexico.2.

4、動(dòng)詞 decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell. ，介詞結(jié)構(gòu) on.可用疑問詞帶 to 的不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)，但why 后面的不定式不帶to；如：1) could you please tell me where to park my car.2) it gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations.3.動(dòng)詞 feel, find, make, think等后面， 可以用 it 作形式賓語(yǔ)代替真正的賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是.feel / find / make / . it+adj. /

5、 n.+to do.；如：i find it difficult to remember everything.4.既可接動(dòng)詞不定式又可接ving形式作賓語(yǔ)，意思差別不太大的動(dòng)詞有begin, start, like, love等；一般說(shuō)來(lái)，動(dòng)詞不定式表一次、數(shù)次的詳細(xì)動(dòng)作、將來(lái)動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作的全過程， ving形式表習(xí)慣性的連續(xù)動(dòng)作；但是這種區(qū)分并不很嚴(yán)格，特殊是美國(guó)英語(yǔ)，即使是習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式；如：1) then i started to watch tv.2) i am beginning to understand my parents.begin 用了進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)， 后面只接不

6、定式作賓語(yǔ)， 表示事情剛開頭， 仍要連續(xù)下去；3) i like to eat vegetables.感知?jiǎng)釉~ like, love, know等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；5.后接動(dòng)詞不定式或ving 形式作賓語(yǔ)， 意思差別較大的動(dòng)詞有forget, remember等；后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，表動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；后接ving 形式作賓語(yǔ)，表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)1發(fā)生； stop to do 停下來(lái)做另外一件事， to do 是目的狀語(yǔ)； stop doing 停止做、不做當(dāng)前這件事， doing 是賓語(yǔ)；try to do 盡力做， try doing 試試看；go on to do 接著做另外的事， go on doi

7、ng 連續(xù)做原先的事；如：1) when i left home, i forgot to bring it with me. 2i stopped using them last year.四、用作定語(yǔ)1.句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式的規(guī)律主語(yǔ)，不定式與其所修飾的名詞、代詞等存在規(guī)律的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 .1i have so many clothes to wash today.2i can t think of any good advice to give her.3we have no houses to live in.2.動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞是place, time,way 等時(shí)，不定式

8、與這些名詞出現(xiàn)出動(dòng)狀關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系；如：1he needs time to do homework.2) he wants to know the best way to travel around the city.3.在“ there be.”句型里，句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的對(duì)象： 1there s just so much to see and do here.2. but there are still many things to do there.五、用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求答應(yīng)提議 ask, allow, , advise，期望邀

9、請(qǐng)勉勵(lì) expect, , invite, encourage，教誨告知想要 teach, tell, want ，等待期望情愿 wait for, wish, would like / love ；如：1) id invite her to have dinner at my house.2 we should allow the children to choose their own clothes.2.動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里不帶to ，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里帶to 時(shí)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞是感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“讓”： hav

10、e, let, make，二“聽”：hear, listen to ，一“感覺”：feel，一“留意”：notice；如： 1this picture makes me feel excited ！2) we saw liu yu play baseball last week.3. help 后接動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，to 可帶可不帶；1 they can help you to learnenglish.2usingemailenglishhelps you write quickly.六、用作狀語(yǔ)1.目的狀語(yǔ)，置于句首或句末，置于句首經(jīng)常表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；如： 1in order to catch

11、the early bus, she got up very early.2a group of young people got together to discuss this question. 3she came to this city to visit her daughter.2.緣由狀語(yǔ)，多見于“ sb.+be+adj.+to do. ”結(jié)構(gòu)句中；如：1) i feel very lucky to have him.2) he ran out of money to buy old bikes.3.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，多見于“ too.to”，“ enough to.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中；如：1)

12、 i m too tired to do it well.2) the room is big enough for three people to live in.七、動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“for / of sb. to do sth.”， for / of引出不定式動(dòng)作的規(guī)律主語(yǔ)；這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等；不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞用for仍是 of，主要打算于前面形容詞的性質(zhì)；一般說(shuō)來(lái)，of2前面的形容詞是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既說(shuō)明人的特性，又說(shuō)明不定式動(dòng)作的特性；

13、for前面的形容詞是dangerous,difficult,easy,hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般說(shuō)明不定式動(dòng)作的特性，前面假如是名詞用for ；如：1.it s a good idea forparents to allowchildrento study in groups duringthe evening.2.it s wise of him to do it well.3) is it interesting for the baby to play with a pet dog.八、帶疑問詞的不定式短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定

14、式前面可以帶疑問代詞what,which,who或疑問副詞how, when, where,why 等；這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，或者單獨(dú)使用；要留意的是，why 后面的不定式不帶to；如：1.用作句子的成分；1i don t know what to try next. 作賓語(yǔ) 2where to go is not decided yet. 作主語(yǔ) 2.單獨(dú)使用時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)特殊疑問句；1what to do next.=what will we / you do next. 2why go there.=why do we / you go there.九、動(dòng)詞

15、不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / never to do. ，不帶 to 的不定式的否定式是not / neverdo.如：1. they decide not to talk to each other.2. his parents tell him never to play soccer in the street.單項(xiàng)挑選：（）1. the teacher told them make so much noise.a. don tb. notc. will notd. not to（）2. my mother often tells me so many mistakes.a.

16、 not to makeb. to not makec. donmt（）3. tell him the window.aked. not makea. to shut 關(guān)notb. not to shutc. to not shutd. not shut（）4. the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him .a. not tob. not to doc. not do itd. do not to（）5. mrs smith warned警告 her daughter after drink

17、ing.a. never to driveb. to never drivec. never drivingd. never drive（） 6. the doctorasked the patient rich food after the operation手術(shù).a. to eat notb. eating notc. not to eatd. not eating（）7. the workers want us together with them.a. workb. workingc. to workd. worked（）8. i saw him out of the room.a.

18、gob. wentc.is goingd. goes（）9. he often makes his little sister ,a. cryb. cryingc. criedd. to cry（）10 therereso many kinds of new bikeson sale that i cant make up my mind to buy.a. whatb. whichc. howd. where3（）11. he cant decide to stay or not.a. whetherb. ifc. eitherd. if he will（）12. - the light i

19、n the office is still on.- oh, i forgot .a. turning it offb. turn it off c. to turn it off d. turned it off（）13. we agreed here.a. metb. meetingc. to meetd. meet（）14. frank is the kind of person who people like to .a. make friend with b. make friends of c. make friends d. make friends with（）15. go o

20、n the other exercise after you finishthis one.a. to dob. doingc.doesd. did（）16. she reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rocka. restedb. restingc. to restd. rest（）17. tom kept quiet about the accident because he was afraid of his job.a. loseb. to losec. losingd. lost（）18. i need a day or

21、 two .a. to think it overb. to think overc. of thinking（）19. he was too excited .a. speakb. to speakc. not to speakd. speaking（） 20. i m hungry. get me something .a. eatb. to eatc. eatingd. for eating（）21. - i usually go there by train.- why not by boat for a change .a. to try goingb. trying to goc. to try and go d. try going（）22. i asked him to me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.a. spendb. sparec. saved. share（） 23. they won t lheits mother him in that way