畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯--企業(yè)的倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)管理的決策分析

1、外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文原稿introductionrom. marie dvali, moore mandela ralph are mainly introduced in storage, storage system plays in logistics system。the buffer, and regulate and the effect of the balance in the low-cost, provide satisfactory customer service has a pivotal role. in enterprise warehouse management

2、 decision-making, is self-supporting storage or public storage, become logistics managers often face problems of two kinds of storage, the disadvantages. the contrast analysis of.enterprise warehouse management decision analysisstorage system is a subsystem of logistics system in logistics system, p

3、lays a buffer, regulation and the effect of the balance. through the storage, can make the goods at the most effective during the periods of play a role, create the htime value of goods11 and "use value”; can make the raw materials, fuel and semi-finished products in need of the production link

4、s form right amount inventory to ensure continuous production; also can adjust production and consumption imbalances. so said left storage is impossible to have high efficiency low cost of logistics service. so how to arrange storage space for inventory, warehouse or public warehouse self-support, h

5、as become the enterprise warehouse management of an important decision.a the advantages and disadvantages of self-management storageseif-supporting storage refers to the manufacturing or distribution enterprises business built the need for the enterprise subsidiary warehouse, logistics system of pro

6、viding services.1. self-supporting storage advantages(1) adaptability stronger. proprietary stock of enterprise is the owner, can according to warehouse enterprise itself requirements and characteristics of the products to warehouse designed and clothinnings. a highly specialized product often need

7、professional storage and handling technology, and according to the popularization of public storage mostly, to meet the design requirement for enterprise personalized requirements, self-supporting storage enterprise in the design and management of the warehouse can better satisfy enterprise needs-(2

8、) enterprise warehouse control bigger. because enterprise for implementing the warehouse ownership, so enterprises as shippers to storage implementation to a greater degree of control system in finished goods over to the customer before, enterprise can directly control and responsible for product. t

9、his control make the enterprise will be integrated into the warehouse functions to logistics system.(3) long-term storage costs less. if self-owned warehouse full use of, get long-term storage costs considerably below has its own public storage costs. this is by in long-term use their own warehousin

10、g large shipments will reduce the storage unit cost of goods, which is a form of economies of scale. if the enterprise self-owned warehouse lower utilization rate, explain own warehousing produce the scale economy cant compensate the cost of private storage, should consider to public storage.(4) to

11、set up the business enterprise image enterprises have their own warehouses will bring many intangible benefits, will give customers an enterprise sustainable business and continuous operation a good impression, the customer will think enterprise operation is stable, reliable, this will help enhance

12、the enterprise the competitive advantage, setting up the enterprise image.2. self-supporting storage shortcomings(1) investment risk is big. self-supporting storage, as warehouse construction or buy need large amounts of funds, warehouse construction cycle is long, the investment risk bigger, anothe

13、r outside the hiring and training staff costs and material handling equipment investment will increase, and the enterprise funds can invest in other projects. therefore, investment build proprietary warehousing decisions should be very careful.(2) flexibility is low. self-supporting storage warehous

14、e capacity is relatively fixed, regardless of storage space requirements of enterprises, can with how to increased demand or reduce and expand or reduced when enterprise to the warehouse space, still less demand must assume self-owned warehouse unused portion of the costs; and when the enterprise to

15、 the warehouse the space has the extra demand, but can not satisfy own warehouse. another market size, market position and customer preferences often changes, if the enterprise warehouse in knots compose and services can't adapt to these changes, the enterprise will lose many business opportunit

16、iessecond, the advantages and disadvantages of public storage public storage is to show enterprise renting do not belong to his warehouse or a certain quantity of location, the storage service to satisfy his needs.1. the advantages of public storage(1) reduces the risk of investment. use of public s

17、torage, enterprise can avoid warehouse construction capital investment and financial risk. public storage does not require users to anylnvestment and enterprise to pay the rent relatively few can get storage service. thus avoiding the enterprise in land, houses, material handling equipment, hiring a

18、nd training staff etc investment.(2) adaptability. if the management of the enterprise has seasonal, so public storage will satisfy enterprise in sales blitz need storage space. while a dedicated warehouse store will be restricted by warehouse capacity, and at times, warehouse may idle. most enterpr

19、ise as products of seasonal, promotions or other reasons and cause stock levels change, use public storage, then there is no limit to the capacity of the warehouse, to meet in different periods of enterprise warehouse space requirement, especially is stock of extra inventory of peak demand.(3) flexi

20、ble degree is high. when use public storage business activities more flexible, if the enterprise, and then when building itself warehouse to meet the needs of the market and change the location of the warehouse, the original warehouse became enterprise burden. because the public storage contract is

21、short, when the market, transportation, sales or enterprises industry financial conditions change, public storage mode enterprise can flexibility to change the position of the warehouse.(4) produce scale economic benefit. public storage will produce self-owned storage difficult to achieve economies

22、of scale, because public storage for many enterprises of keeping library memory, and hence compared with self-owned storage, which greatly improved the utilization ratio and the storage warehouse utilization ratio, reduced inventory costs; unit of storage in addition, scale economy still makepublic

23、storage can adopt more effective material handling equipment, so as to provide more professional warehousing services; finally, public storage economies of scale and thus lcl homework and mass transportation, thereby reducing the shipper's storage costs.2. public storage shortcomings(1) increase

24、 the packaging cost. public warehouse storage the various kinds of goods, and various different kinds of goods may influence each other, therefore, the enterprise use public storage of goods must be protective packaging, thus increasing the packaging cost.(2) increase inventory control difficulty. e

25、nterprise and warehouse operator has to perform the contract obligations, but theft, etc the damage caused to the losses will be far owner more than to be compensated for. so in control, use public warehouse inventory than use their own warehouse to take greater risks. in addition, enterprise and wi

26、ll thus the commercial confidential information disclosure about.three, enterprise warehouse decision analysis1. decision-making factor analysisself-supporting storage, public storage has 讓s advantages and disadvantages, the enterprise is in storage decision analysis, is self-supporting storage or p

27、ublic warehouse, enterprise decision was based on the premise of satisfying the needs of customers the lowest total cost of logistics. generally speaking, the enterprise is self-supporting storage or to use the public storage should focus on considers the following factors:(1) turnover. the cost of

28、self-management storage structure including variable cost and fixed cost two parts, fixed cost relatively high, and has nothing to do with use degree, because this must have enough stock to share these costs, unit variable costs generally lower than public storage unit variable costs. public storage

29、 costs contains only can into this, along with the increase in the number of inventory, the lease space will increase, because public warehouse according to take up the space is general to collect fees, such costs and total turnover is proportional to the amount of the cost function is linear. there

30、fore enterprise turnover is low public storage is the best choice, with the increasing turnover, when turnover to achieve a certain scale to consider choose self-conducting storage(2) market density. market density, relative concentration of the larger or supplier to build own warehouse. this is bec

31、ause less-thanone carload transport rate is relative taller, via since after a warehouse lcl shipments, vehicle transport rate will be greatly reduced. instead, the market, the low density in different place to use than a few public warehouse since a warehouse services a large district is more econo

32、mical.(3) needs stability. demand of the stability of self-management storage is a key factor. many manufacturers have various product lines, make the warehouse has the stable weeks turn quantity, so more economic operation of self-management storage.2. self-supporting storage and public storage dec

33、ision analysis(1) self-supporting warehouse if can rent, self-conducting storage can reduce storage costs. enterprise if can easily find warehouse in the use of logistics market the enterprise need bigger storage space, their use in lower utilization rate, when will the remaining space rent to other

34、 enterprise, make up costs, which can overcome because utilization rate is not stable, thus make the malpractices of self-supporting warehousing costs low.(2) in demand fluctuation is bigger, use the public storage can reduce storage costs. for storage demand fluctuation larger enterprise, according

35、 to choose self-conducting storage will be demand to construction in the rush hour, warehouse, warehouse will be large number of idle, speaking of the enterprise is a kind of waste. if using public warehouse, on loan at peak hours can more many public storage space to meet demand, it will lower over

36、all storage costs.(3) for the new development of the market, to use the public storage is more suitable for the need of market volatility. there are many new developing market uncertainty and uncertainty. if the blind investment construction self-supporting storage, may bring huge risks, to use the

37、public storage, can reduce risk benefit, but also on the accumulation of storage information for enterprise decision to provide the reference.(4) self-conducting warehousing and public storage organic union. most enterprise market demand is the fluctuation in design and planning, enterprise has its

38、own warehouse, press meet the demand low storage quantity in the size of the warehouse, designed by public storage sales season to increase storage space, so, not only ensure the self-supporting storage utilization rate, have satisfied the demand of enterprise peak, make full use of the advantages o

39、f the two kinds of storage for enterprise service. in short, the enterprise warehouse decision no fixed pattern, the enterprise should need to its own characteristics and conditions, to cost and customer service on the basis of comprehensive analysis to make reasonable choice介紹羅瑪麗瓦利，莫爾曼德拉夫主要介紹的是倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)，倉(cāng)

40、儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)在物流系統(tǒng)中起 著緩沖、調(diào)節(jié)和平衡的作用，其在以低成本提供令人滿意的客戶服務(wù)方面具有舉 足輕重的作用。在企業(yè)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)管理決策中，是自營(yíng)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)還是公共倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)，成為物流管 理者經(jīng)常面對(duì)的問(wèn)題，對(duì)兩種倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的優(yōu)缺.占、進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。企業(yè)的倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)管理的決策分析倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)是物流系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)子系統(tǒng)，在物流系統(tǒng)中起著緩沖、調(diào)節(jié)和平衡 的作用。通過(guò)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)，可使商品在最有效的時(shí)間段發(fā)揮作用，創(chuàng)造商品的“時(shí)間價(jià) 值”和“使用價(jià)值”；可使原材料、燃料和半成品在需要的生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)形成適量的 庫(kù)存，以保證生產(chǎn)的連續(xù)進(jìn)行；還可以調(diào)節(jié)生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)的失衡。所以說(shuō)離開(kāi)了倉(cāng) 儲(chǔ)就不可能有高效率低成木的物流服務(wù)。那么如何為庫(kù)存安排倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)空間，是門(mén)營(yíng)

41、 倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)還是公共倉(cāng)庫(kù)，己成為企業(yè)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)管理的一項(xiàng)重要決策。一、自營(yíng)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)自營(yíng)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)是指生產(chǎn)或流通企業(yè)為本企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)的需耍而修建的附屬倉(cāng)庫(kù)、為本 企業(yè)的物流系統(tǒng)提供服務(wù)。1. 自營(yíng)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)(1) 適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)?？跔I(yíng)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)中企業(yè)是倉(cāng)庫(kù)的所有者，可以按照企業(yè)自身要求和產(chǎn) 品的特點(diǎn)對(duì)倉(cāng)庫(kù)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)與布局。高度專(zhuān)業(yè)化的產(chǎn)品往往需要專(zhuān)業(yè)的保管和搬運(yùn) 技術(shù)，而公共倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)大多按大眾化的要求設(shè)計(jì)的，難以滿足企業(yè)的個(gè)性化耍求，自 營(yíng)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)企業(yè)在設(shè)計(jì)和管理倉(cāng)庫(kù)的時(shí)候就可以更好地滿足企業(yè)需求。(2) 企業(yè)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)控制權(quán)更大。由于企業(yè)對(duì)白有倉(cāng)庫(kù)擁有所有權(quán)，所以企業(yè)作為貨主 能夠?qū)}(cāng)儲(chǔ)實(shí)施更大程度的控制。在產(chǎn)成品移交給客戶z前，企業(yè)可

42、以直接控制 和負(fù)責(zé)產(chǎn)品。這種控制使企業(yè)易于將倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)功能整合進(jìn)物流系統(tǒng)中。(3) 長(zhǎng)期倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)成木更低。如果自有倉(cāng)庫(kù)得到長(zhǎng)期的充分利用，自有倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的成本大 大低于公共倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的成木。這是由于長(zhǎng)期使用自有倉(cāng)庫(kù)保管人量貨物會(huì)降低單位貨 物的倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)成木，這也是規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)的一種形式。如果企業(yè)自有倉(cāng)庫(kù)的利用率較低， 說(shuō)明有倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)產(chǎn)生的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)不足以補(bǔ)償自有倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的成木，則應(yīng)考慮公共倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)。(4) 有利于樹(shù)立企業(yè)形象。企業(yè)擁有口己的倉(cāng)庫(kù)還會(huì)帶來(lái)許多無(wú)形收益，會(huì)給客 戶一種企業(yè)持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)和連續(xù)運(yùn)作的良好印象，客戶會(huì)認(rèn)為企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)十分穩(wěn)定、可 靠，這將有助于提高企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，樹(shù)立企業(yè)形彖。2. 自營(yíng)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的缺點(diǎn)(1) 投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大。自營(yíng)倉(cāng)

43、儲(chǔ)屮，由于倉(cāng)庫(kù)的建設(shè)或購(gòu)買(mǎi)需要籌集大量資金，倉(cāng)庫(kù) 的建設(shè)周期長(zhǎng)，投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大，另外員工的雇傭和培訓(xùn)費(fèi)用以及物料搬運(yùn)等設(shè)備 投入都會(huì)相應(yīng)增加，而企業(yè)資金就無(wú)法投資于其他項(xiàng)h。因此，投資建造自營(yíng)倉(cāng) 儲(chǔ)的決策要非常慎重。(2) 靈活性較低?？跔I(yíng)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)倉(cāng)庫(kù)的容量是相對(duì)固定的，不管企業(yè)對(duì)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)空間的需 求如何，都不能隨著需求的增加或降低而擴(kuò)大或減少。當(dāng)企業(yè)對(duì)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)空間的需求 減少時(shí)，仍須承擔(dān)自有倉(cāng)庫(kù)屮未利用部分的成木；而當(dāng)企業(yè)對(duì)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)空間有額外需 求時(shí)，自有倉(cāng)庫(kù)卻無(wú)法滿足。另外市場(chǎng)的大小、市場(chǎng)的位置和客戶的偏好經(jīng)常變 化，如果企業(yè)在倉(cāng)庫(kù)結(jié)構(gòu)和服務(wù)上不能適應(yīng)這種變化,企業(yè)將失去許多商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。二、公共倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)公

44、共倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)是指企業(yè)租用不屬于自己的倉(cāng)庫(kù)或一定數(shù)屋的庫(kù)位，滿足自己的倉(cāng) 儲(chǔ)服務(wù)需求。1. 公共倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)(1) 降低投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。利用公共倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)，金業(yè)可以避免倉(cāng)庫(kù)建設(shè)資木投資和財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 公共倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)不要求使用者作任何投資，企業(yè)只需支付相對(duì)較少的租金即可得到倉(cāng)儲(chǔ) 服務(wù)。這樣就避免了企業(yè)在土地、房屋、物料搬運(yùn)設(shè)備、雇傭和培訓(xùn)員t等方而 的投資。(2) 適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)。如杲企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)具有季節(jié)性，那么公共倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)將滿足企業(yè)在銷(xiāo)售旺 季所需要的倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)空間。而自營(yíng)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)則會(huì)受到倉(cāng)庫(kù)容量的限制，并且在某些時(shí)期倉(cāng) 庫(kù)可能閑置。大多數(shù)企業(yè)由于產(chǎn)品的季節(jié)性、促銷(xiāo)活動(dòng)或其他原因而導(dǎo)致存貨量 變化，利用公共倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)，則沒(méi)有倉(cāng)庫(kù)容量的限制，從而能夠滿足企業(yè)在不同時(shí)期對(duì) 倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)空間的需求，尤其是庫(kù)存高峰時(shí)人量額外的庫(kù)存需求。(3) 靈活度高。使用公共倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)時(shí)企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)更加靈活，如果企業(yè)自己建設(shè)倉(cāng) 庫(kù)，那么當(dāng)為滿足市場(chǎng)需耍而變化倉(cāng)庫(kù)的位置時(shí)，原來(lái)的倉(cāng)庫(kù)就變成了企業(yè)的負(fù) 擔(dān)。由于公共倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的合同是短期的，當(dāng)市場(chǎng)、運(yùn)輸方式、產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)售或企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)狀 況發(fā)生變化時(shí)，公共倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)模式下企業(yè)能靈活地改變倉(cāng)庫(kù)的位置。(4) 產(chǎn)生規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。公共倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)會(huì)產(chǎn)生自有倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)難以達(dá)到的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)，由于公 共倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)為眾多企業(yè)保管人量庫(kù)