非謂語動詞高三第一輪復習PPT課件

1、v動詞不定式無人稱和數的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式第1頁/共75頁時態(tài)時態(tài) 語態(tài)語態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般式 to write to write to be to be written written 進行式進行式 to be to be writing writing 完成式完成式 to have to have written written to have to have been been written written 完成進行式完成進行式to have been to have been writing writing 第2頁/共75頁(二)、不定式的

2、句法功能主語 賓語 表語 定語 第3頁/共75頁 A. 跟不定式作賓語的常見動詞: （）hope, want , expect, wish, desire, like, love, dislike ,hate, plan, intend, mean, prepare, decide, determine, afford, fail, manage, try、dare, help , promise、refuse、 learn、offer、 agree、forget ,bother .第4頁/共75頁vB. 常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語的動詞:vtell, advise, show, teach,

3、find out, decide, discuss, learn, explainvtell sb what to do第5頁/共75頁 A.表示按計劃和安排將要發(fā)生的事情。 表示主語的內容，但側重于目的性。 Her wish was to become an artist. C. 表示情態(tài)意義(應該, 必須)。 The form is to be filled in and returned within a week.第6頁/共75頁第7頁/共75頁第8頁/共75頁 A. let, have, make, get等表使役的動詞 They made us go with them. 注意:

4、Let/ have/make sb. do ; get sb. to do They got us to go with them.vB. ask, tell, request, order等表要求,命令的動詞vThe chairman requested the members to be silent.第9頁/共75頁vC. allow, permit, forbid等表許可或禁止的動詞 The guard forbade me to enter. D. wish, want, expect, intend等表希望的動詞(hope無此用法)Many parents expect their

5、 children to study abroad. E. 第10頁/共75頁vF. 其他動詞vadvise, help, persuade, encourage, warn, cause, force, remind vPlease remind me to take the raincoat.第11頁/共75頁第12頁/共75頁第13頁/共75頁Practice1 (09江蘇江蘇,26）Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, al

6、most three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemployment pressures. A. help B. helped C. to help D. having helpedC第14頁/共75頁2 (09全國)The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. A. looked atB. to look at C. to looking atD. look atB3 (09山東，22) We are invited to a

7、 party _ in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holdingA第15頁/共75頁4 (09遼寧，27) _, you need to give all you have and try your best. A. Being a winner B. To be a winner C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner5. (09安徽，28) The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local cult

8、ure. A. produced B. being produced C.tobeproduced D.havingbeen producedBC第16頁/共75頁時態(tài)時態(tài) 語態(tài)語態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般式 doingdoingbeing done being done 完成式完成式 having donehaving donehaving been having been done done v(一).的語法形式無人稱和數的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化.第17頁/共75頁(二)、動名詞的句法功能v具有名詞的特征,可充當成分:v主語賓語 表語 定語第18頁/共75頁第19頁

9、/共75頁v1） 動名詞在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名詞 + doing”結構中作主語，it為形式主語。例如：vIt is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.v It is no use talking too much. 第20頁/共75頁 2） 動名詞在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容詞 + doing”結構中作主語。例如： It is nice p

10、laying chess after supper.v3） 動名詞在“There is(was) no + doing”結構中作主語。例如：vThere is no denying that she is very efficient.第21頁/共75頁v注: 動名詞和不定式都可以作主語或表語,沒有太大區(qū)別。在表示經常習慣性動作多用動名詞; 在表示具體某次動作, 特別是將來的動作時,多用不定式。第22頁/共75頁第23頁/共75頁第24頁/共75頁有些動詞短語后也要求跟動名詞作賓語。常這樣用的動詞短語有：cant stand , cant help .第25頁/共75頁介詞 注意: 介詞后如果

11、需要非謂語動詞作賓語,只能是動名詞,不可用不定式 。 Are you good at playing football? 其他介詞不易錯,重點是介詞to .因為不定式符號也是to ,所以一定要記住有關的短語。 ,第26頁/共75頁第27頁/共75頁第28頁/共75頁第29頁/共75頁第30頁/共75頁(1).無人稱和數的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化.其時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化形式與動名詞相同.時態(tài)時態(tài) 語態(tài)語態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般式 doingdoingbeing done being done 完成式完成式 having donehaving donehaving been h

12、aving been done done 第31頁/共75頁第32頁/共75頁 現在第33頁/共75頁第34頁/共75頁 A.作感官動詞的第35頁/共75頁或方式vB. 作使役動詞的第36頁/共75頁 1)作時間狀語, 可以表示三個時間概念 A.表示和謂語動作同時發(fā)生,相當于 “as soon as” 引導的時間狀語從句 Hearing the good news, he jumped up with joy. = As soon as he heard the good news, he = On hearing the good news, he 第37頁/共75頁vB.謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生

13、在分詞動作的過程中,表示”在做某事期間”相當于由when/while 引導的時間狀語從句。vWalking in the street, I came across an old friend.v= When/While I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend.v= When/While walking in the street, I came across 第38頁/共75頁 C.如果分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,分詞就要用完成時。如:Having done his homework, the boy went ou

14、t to play.Having written his composition, he began to do his Maths homework.v2)作原因狀語,相當于由because/as 引導的原因狀語從句。 第39頁/共75頁A.和謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生Being ill, he didnt go to school.=Because/As he was ill, he didnt go Not knowing what to do next, he went to his teacher for advice.= Because/As he didnt know what to

15、 do next, he went to 第40頁/共75頁B.如果分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,分詞就要用完成時。 Having seen the film many times, he didnt go to see it last night.v3)作條件狀語,相當于由 if 引導的條件狀語從句 (If) Using your head, you will find a way.=If you use your head, you will find 第41頁/共75頁 4)作讓步狀語,相當于由 although/though 引導的讓步狀語從句 Although/Though gett

16、ing up early, he was late for the meeting. = Although/Though he got up early, he was late for the meeting.第42頁/共75頁v5)作伴隨狀語(方式狀語),表示同謂語的動作同時發(fā)生,相當于由并列連詞連接的兩個并列動作。vThey sat there on the stone, talking with each other.v=They sat there on the stone and talked with each other.v注意:只有現在分詞的一般式才可作伴隨狀語,且常放于主句

17、后。第43頁/共75頁 6)作結果狀語,同謂語動詞的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生。 The mother died, leaving five children behind. They fired at the enemy, killing two.第44頁/共75頁第45頁/共75頁第46頁/共75頁Practice第47頁/共75頁第48頁/共75頁第49頁/共75頁第50頁/共75頁(1).的語法形式無人稱和數的變化,也沒有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。(done)第51頁/共75頁1.作表語作表語,相當于一個形容詞,說明主語的狀態(tài)。如， He is gone. The glass is broken. He

18、 was lost in thought. They were deeply moved.第52頁/共75頁 注意:被動結構與系表結構的區(qū)別 這兩種結構形式都是be+ 這兩種結構的主要區(qū)別是:被動語態(tài)強調所發(fā)生的動作,而系表結構表示的是主語的特點或狀態(tài)。 The cup was broken by my little brother. (被動結構) The cup is broken.(系表結構)第53頁/共75頁2.作定語作定語, 它的邏輯主語就是它所修飾的詞,有以下三個特點 : A.及物動詞的第54頁/共75頁 B.不及物動詞的與它所修飾的名詞沒有關系。 fallen leaves=lea

19、ves that have fallen a retired worker=a worker who has retired the risen sun=the sun that has risen 第55頁/共75頁 C.有些表示心理活動的過去分詞作定語,表面是修飾它后面的名詞,但實質是說明當事者的心理狀態(tài)。所以過去分詞與它所修飾的名詞沒有關系。 The surprised look showed that he hadnt expected this. = (He was surprised and his look showed his surprise)第56頁/共75頁 The fa

20、thers loud voice made a frightened look appear on his daughters face. (The fathers daughter was frightened and her face showed her fright.)第57頁/共75頁3. 過去分詞作賓補 過去分詞作賓補,過去分詞和賓語的關系是被動關系,說明賓語的狀態(tài),表示動作的完成。常用來 作感官動詞 和使役動詞的第58頁/共75頁 When I walked home, I saw a man caught by the police. As soon as he returne

21、d home, he found his house broken into. He kept himself covered with a blanket.第59頁/共75頁第60頁/共75頁 1)做時間或條件狀語,通常放在句首。 Seen from the top of the hill, the town looks even more beautiful. =If the town is seen from the top of the hill, the town = When the town is seen from the top of the hill, the town 第

22、61頁/共75頁 2) 作Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.=As/Because they were deeply moved by the story, the children.3)作第62頁/共75頁She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.=She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.He sat there, lost in thought

23、.= He sat there, and was lost in thought.第63頁/共75頁 1. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. （條件狀語） A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given. 2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century（定語） A. having written B. to be written C. be

24、ing written D. written高考點擊 第64頁/共75頁3. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.（原因） A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 4. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.（條件） A. begins B. having begunB. C. beginning D. begun 第65頁/共75頁 一、分析句子結構 解題步驟第

25、66頁/共75頁1._many times , but he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. To be told C. He was told D. Though he was told分析：用連詞but 引導并列句子，因此，前面也是個獨立句子，故選C。第67頁/共75頁2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. To be told C. He was told D. Though he was told分析：句中用逗號隔開，且無連詞引導，因此，前面不是句子結構，只是句子的一個成分，故選A，用非謂語動詞作狀語。第68頁/共75頁二、分析邏輯主語非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。第69頁/共75