關(guān)于高一英語(yǔ)教案：高一英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)第三單元教案2

1、高一英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)第三單元教案2the grammar items in this unit deal with object complements, either . or . and neither. nor ., and subject-verb agreement. well learn what an object complement is, the basic pattern in which it always occurs and what can be used as an object complement. as for the phrases either .or. an

2、d neither . nor ., you are expected to use either . or . as one of the sentence elements to express the idea of alternatives, and neither . nor . to join two negative ideas together. subject-verb agreement explains some rules of using correct singular or plural verbs after the subject.step 1: object

3、 complement 1. lets read parts 1-5 on page 48. try to understand each point and read the information in the tip box.1) the object complement gives more information about the object. they called the young man great hero . object object complement2) an object complement always occurs in this pattern:

4、verb + object + object complement. the object complement can often be a noun phrase or an adjective. e.g. they made wu tong monitor of their class. you must keep the room clean all the time.3) sometimes a to-infinitive or bare infinitive can be an object complement. e.g. id like all of you to work s

5、till harder. will you let us play ball games after we finish our exercises?4) an object complement can be a prepositional phrase. e.g. if you keep the new dress in hot water, the colors will run.5) an object complement can also be a present participle phrase or a past participle phrase. e.g. the mos

6、t exciting thing for the old man was to watch the children playing in the garden. they told me to have my car repaired as soon as possible.6) an object complement usually agrees with the object in number. after that people called the boy a little hero.2. please go through lost civilizations again an

7、d find as many sentences with an object complement as you can. for example,sven found the remains of buildings buried under the sand, together with a lot of treasures, such as coins, painted pots, silk materials, documents and wall paintings.(remains of buildings is the object, and buried under the

8、sand is the object complement, which gives information about the situation of the object.)we found the ruins most interesting.(the ruins is the object, and interesting is the object complement, which gives information about the object.)3. now lets read the next excerpt from ann's diary entry on

9、page 48 and use proper object complements to complete it. try to understand what these phrases in the box mean.4. please do c1 on page 108 in your workbook to practise what you have learnt in this part.step 2: either . or . and neither . nor .here we will learn how to use either .or . and neither no

10、r . and we will practise using the two phrases in an exercise.1) suppose we have one ticket for the concert on sunday; both my friends, david and helen, want to go. so, either david or helen can have the ticket. they quarrelled with each other over the ticket. finally, i decided that neither david n

11、or helen should have the ticket. we will all stay at home on sunday and watch the concert on tv instead. (either . or . is used to express the idea of alternatives; neither . nor . can be used to join two negative ideas together, the opposite of which is both . and .)2) lets go over part 1 on page 4

12、9. first read the sentences carefully and pay attention to the function of either . or . youve got to understand the instructions and sentences in this part and pay attention that either . or. can connect the coordinate subject, verb, object and adverbial in sentences.3) lets read the sentences in p

13、art 2 on page 49 carefully and point out the sentence element of neither . nor . in each sentence. 4) read the example and the exercise on page 49 carefully. if you can find out how to rewrite the highlighted sentences, you can work in pairs to do the rest of the exercise. i would like to see whethe

14、r you fully understand points 1 and 2. step 2: subject-verb agreement1. subject-verb agreement means choosing the correct singular or plural verb after the subject in a sentence. here are some points to help us decide if the verb is singular or plural. i will show you some sentences as follows. plea

15、se decide which verb form can be used to fill in the blanks in each sentence.1) _ (have) your classmates finished their homework? (have) 2) my friend and i_( want) to play outside after watching tv. (want) 3) most of the students (prefer) english to mathematics. (prefer) 4) _(have) all of the cake b

16、een eaten up? (has) 5) collecting stamps (be) one of his favourite pastimes. (is) 6) _(be) your family a big one? (is) 7) all my family (get) up early in the morning. (get) 8) neither his father nor his mother_(play) the piano. (plays)9) the remains of the old castle_(be) destroyed in world war ii.

17、(were) 10) not only jim but also his parents_ (be) going to see you next sunday. (are) 11) not only jim's parents but also jim_ (be) going to see you next sunday. (is)2. read part a on page 51. it is another of ann's diary entries. read the article and choose the correct verb forms. then go

18、through part b on page 51. it is a letter in a local newspaper. read the letter and finish the exercise individually, using the correct forms of the given verbs. resourcesobject complement 1. the following verbs are often followed by an object and a noun or a noun phrase as an object complement:name

19、, call, choose, elect, makee.g. we elected john chairman of our club after the former one retired. when we were working on the farm, we all call iron ox.2. the following verbs are often followed by an object and an adjective as an object complement: make, get, keep, find, consider, e.g. though he di

20、d not mean to hurt her, yet his joke did make her angry. after many years of hard work, he found it impossible to carry on with his experiments.3. the following verbs are often followed by a to-infinitive as an object complement: ask, tell, beg, invite, order, advise, warn, want, get, wish, expect,

21、persuade, allow, permit, forbid, help,e.g. she asked me to answer the question at once. the teacher did not allow us to talk to each other in class.4. the following verbs are often followed by a bare infinitive as an object complement:have, make, let, help, see, hear, watch, notice, find, observe, l

22、ook at, listen toe.g. in that factory, the boss always has his workers work more than fifteen hours a day. i heard him say so.5. the following verbs are often followed by a present participle as an object complement: have, keep, get, feel, see, hear, watch, find, notice, observe,e.g. i had them all

23、laughing at my jokes. i can hear someone knocking.6. the following verbs are often followed by a past participle as an object complement:have, make, get, see feel, hear, watch, find, e.g. when you speak english you should try your best to make yourself understood. i was surprised to find my room tho

24、roughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.eitheror, neithernor you must pay attention that either . or., neithernor can connect the coordinate subject, verb, object and adverbial in sentences.1. connecting the coordinate subjects either your mother or your father, or both your parents ca

25、n come with you.either tim or his brothers have to water the trees every other day.neither your aunt nor i have any other thought but what is the best for you?neither his daughter nor his son would listen to his suggestions.2. connecting the coordinate objects:at school we may have either rice or no

26、odles for supper every day.you may choose either physics or chemistry as your major.they have neither steam heat nor running water.i wont take a trip for i have neither the time nor money.3. connecting the coordinate predicates or predicatives:“either go to the concert or stay at home. dont go anywh

27、ere else,” father shouted.the books there are either books on travel or detective novels.that is neither my fault nor his.he was neither clever nor stupid, but good enough at his work.one third of the men could neither read nor write.4. connecting the coordinate adverbials or attributes:we are going

28、 to return to our hometown either today or tomorrow.you may take either the blue or the green one.the two men walked very fast, looking neither to the right nor to the left.paul came at the right time, neither too early nor too late.5. connecting the coordinate clauses:either you must improve your w

29、ork, or i will dismiss you.either you cut it out, or we shall have to wash our hands of the whole business.for reference agreementi got a hold of some bad pork chops the other day, and they didn't agree with me. stomach aches aren't very pleasant. don't you agree? we all know these meani

30、ngs of "agree," but when we talk about subject-verb agreement, we're talking about something different: matching subjects and verbs according to number. that is, when you have a singular subject, you have to match it with a singular verb form: the boy plays. the number of students in o

31、ur school is 1,700. when you have a plural subject, you must have a plural verb form: the boys play. mary and kelly look alike.in short, with simple sentences, you should have no problem with agreement. you know where the problem lies in the sentence: the boys plays. when it's wrong , it just so

32、unds funny. however, there are four potential problem spots that you need to watch carefully: stuff in between the subject and verb reversed sentence order "-body," "-one," and "-thing" words "who," "which," and "that" stuff in between subj

33、ects and verbsthe stuff here is usually a prepositional phrase that separates the subject from the verb. remember how we crossed out prepositional phrases in order to find the subject? do the same thing if you're having problems with agreement. now, look at the following sentence and decide what

34、's wrong with it:the dishes in the kitchen is dirty.good guess! the subject and the verb don't agree. what's the probable cause for the problem? kitchen (a singular noun) is right in front of is (a singular verb). if kitchen were the subject, that would be okay. but, it's not. cross

35、out the prepositional phrase and you're left with:the dishes in the kitchen is dirty. "the dishes . . . is dirty?" sounds wrong, doesn't it? the subject is plural, but the verb is singular. they don't agree. the correct version is:the dishes in the kitchen are dirty. once you k

36、now how to look for this problem, it shouldn't be too hard to get rid of it when you proofread your paper.reversed sentence orderthe normal pattern for english sentences is subject-verb. however, there are a few situations where this order is reversed (like this sentence): there are snacks on th

37、e laundry-room table. where are they? on the table are the goodies! see how the subject comes after the verb in each of these? if you can remember how to locate subjects and verbs, you shouldn't blunder into mistakes when writing reversed-order sentences."-body," "-one," and

38、"-thing" wordsthe correct term for these words is indefinite pronouns, but if you remember them as "-body," "-one," and "-thing" words, you'll probably be able to spot them more easily. you only need to know one thing: if a word has one of these endings (l

39、ike everybody, everyone, anyone, anything, etc.), it is always singular! you can also include each, either, and neither in this group. look at the following:1. everyone is going on a picnic. 2. each of the boys is taking his own lunch. 3. if anyone drops something to eat, i'll grab it before he

40、can pick it up. you shouldn't have problems with these if you simply memorize the endings of words that are always singular.note: we said that either and neither are always singular; however, if you have two subjects in an either . . . or or neither . . . nor construction, getting the agreement

41、right may give you fits. to get it right, just locate the subject closest to the verb and make the verb agree with it: either the mailman or the construction workers are causing peggy to bark like crazy. neither the dogs down the street nor the one next door pays any attention. compare this with the

42、 following: either the construction workers or the mailman is causing peggy to bark like crazy. neither the one next door nor the dogs down the street pay any attention. agreement, in this case, depends on the placement of the subject."who," "which," and "that"remember

43、dependent clauses? they have a subject and a verb, but they can't stand alone. that's what we're dealing with here, but with a little something extra. now we've got to consider pronouns. a pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun that comes before it, usually in the same clau

44、se or one very close to it.peggy is a troublemaker. she bites my ears and steals my food."who," "which," and "that" are pronouns. when they take the place of a singular noun, they are singular; when they take the place of a plural noun, they are plural. this is importan

45、t to remember when they are the subject of a clause. compare the following sentences:1. big dog is one of those animals who are very intelligent. 2. big dog is an animal who is very intelligent. in both, who is the subject of a dependent clause. in number 1, it takes the place of animals (a plural f

46、orm). that's why "are" is the correct verb choice. in number 2, who takes the place of animal (a singular form), and that's why "is" is correct.this may seem a bit confusing at first, but there's a way to get it right every time. if you find "who," "whi

47、ch," or "that" introducing a dependent clause (like in the examples above):1. look at the word right in front of it (usually that's the word it takes the place of). 2. decide if the word is singular or plural (that will tell you whether "who," "which," or "

48、;that" is singular or plural). 3. make the verb agree! that's all there is to it! something more about agreement主謂一致應(yīng)注意的若干問(wèn)題1名詞作主語(yǔ)。1）某些集體名詞如family,team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，反之用復(fù)數(shù)。the crowd were runing for their lives.my family is going out for a trip.the whole family are watching tv.這

49、類(lèi)詞常有audience, class, club, committee, company, crew, crowd, enemy, government, group, party, public, team等。population和“a group(crowd)of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”也適用于這種情況，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)部分用復(fù)數(shù)。2）某些集體名詞如people, police, cattle, oxen謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。3）單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。a sheep is over there. some sheep are over there.4）名詞

50、所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工場(chǎng)、住宅等；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。my uncles is not far from here.常見(jiàn)的省略名詞有the bakers, the barbars, the zhangs等。表示店鋪的名詞一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。如：richardsons have a lot of old goods to sell.5）當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書(shū)名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。thirty years has passed.five minu

51、tes is enough to finish the task.6）不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：each boy and each girl in my class has a dictionary.7）如果主語(yǔ)有more than one 或many a 構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。more than one student has seen the play.many a boy has bought that kind of toy.但是，“more + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + tha

52、n one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。8）一些由兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語(yǔ)用a kind of, a pair of, a series of等加名詞構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。a pair of shoes was on the desk.9）this kind of book = a book of this kind(這種書(shū))，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；短語(yǔ)this kind of men = men of this k

53、ind = these kind of men(口語(yǔ))（這一類(lèi)人），但this kind of men的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：this kind of men is dangerous.men of this kind/sort are dangerous.10）復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，按意義一致的原則，用作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，反之，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。這類(lèi)名詞有means, works, species(種類(lèi)), chinese, japanese等。當(dāng)它

54、們的前面有 a, such a, this, that修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；有all、such、these、those修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。11）如果名詞詞組中心詞是all, most, half, rest等詞語(yǔ)，所指是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，反之用單數(shù)。all of my students work hard.all of the oil is gone.12）在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如：between the two windows hangs an oil painting.2由連接詞連接的名詞作主語(yǔ)。1）用and或both and 連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

55、通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果并列主語(yǔ)指的是同一個(gè)人，同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。truth and honesty is the best policy.to love and to be loved is the great happiness.going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.a knife and fork is on the table.2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, lik

56、e, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，采取“就遠(yuǎn)原則”。3）以or, either or, neither nor, not only but also等連接的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，采取“就近原則”。3代詞作主語(yǔ)。1）名詞型物主代詞連接的動(dòng)詞，既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。ours (our party) is a great party.your shoes are white, mine (= my shoes) are black.2

57、）such、the same起指示代詞作用時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來(lái)決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。such is our plan. such are his last words.3）關(guān)系代詞who、that、which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。4）疑問(wèn)詞who, what, which作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說(shuō)話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。5）不定代詞any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意下列情況：（a）單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其在文中的意義，動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式。now all has been changed. all are present.（b）其后接of時(shí)，若of的賓語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若of的賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)；在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。do (es) any of you know about the accident? none of us has(have) seen the film.4分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語(yǔ)。1）“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“a lot of, lots of,