倒裝句講解及練習(xí)

1、倒裝句英語(yǔ)句子的語(yǔ)序通常是主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后，這種語(yǔ)序稱(chēng)作正常語(yǔ)序或自然語(yǔ)序。但有時(shí)出于語(yǔ)法或達(dá)到某種修辭目的( 強(qiáng)調(diào)、承上啟下、平衡等 ) 的需要，要把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前面，這種語(yǔ)序稱(chēng)作倒裝(Inversion)語(yǔ)序。將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完全移至主語(yǔ)之前，稱(chēng)完全倒裝(Full Inversion)；如果只是把助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前，稱(chēng)為部分倒裝。1. there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝在“ therebe”( 或 there +appear to， come，exist,happen to be,lie,live,occur,remain,beseemseem to be , stand,used t

2、o be ) 等結(jié)構(gòu)中，倒裝形式為完全倒裝。如：There were many students in the reading room in this evening.There is a TV set, a stereo system and a number of chairs in the sitting room.There seems to be a lack of communication.Thereremained a few jobs stillto be finished.There stand a line of guards in front of the gate.

3、2. here ，there ，now，then ，thus 等引起的倒裝在以 here,there,now, then 等簡(jiǎn)短副詞引起的句子中( 前三個(gè)須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) ，動(dòng)詞往往是be, come, go,run, lie等，這類(lèi)句子大多帶有引起注意的含義。如：Here comes the bus.公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.你久盼的信在這兒。There goes the bell.但要注意：如果主語(yǔ)是代詞，則不用倒裝。如：Here they are.他們?cè)谶@兒。3.省略 if的非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中

4、的倒裝在虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中， 條件從句的謂語(yǔ)含有 Had I time （ = If I had time Were I you （ = If I were youwere， had 和 should 這三個(gè)詞是， 可省去 if ，將這些詞移至主語(yǔ)之前。）， I would go and help you.）， I would go abroad.Should he come（ =If he should come）， tell him to ring me up.Had you worked harder at college, you would have got better job.Were

5、he better qualified, he would apply for the position.4. 副詞 so，neither ，nor 等引起的倒裝在用 so, nor, neither表示“也 / 不 ”這一類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)里其公式是:肯定 :so + be / have/助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)否定 :Neither(nor)+be/have/ 助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)。如： He has been to Beijing.他去過(guò)北京。 So have I.我也去過(guò)。They can t answer the question.他們不會(huì)回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 Neither than I.我也不

6、會(huì)。5. what ，how引起的倒裝以What, how開(kāi)頭的感嘆句( 表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)提前) 。如：What beautiful weather (it is)!多好的天氣啊！( 表語(yǔ)提前)What a lovely picture he painted!他畫(huà)了一張多好的畫(huà)啊！( 賓語(yǔ)提前)6.疑問(wèn)詞或連接詞引起的倒裝在疑問(wèn)詞或連接詞whether 等引起的從句中。如：Whatever you may say, I wont go there. 無(wú)論你怎樣說(shuō)，我都不會(huì)去那兒。( 狀語(yǔ)從句中賓語(yǔ)提前 )What book he wants is not clear.他要什么書(shū)還不清楚。 ( 主語(yǔ)從

7、句中賓語(yǔ)提前)7.否定詞位于句首時(shí)引起的倒裝(1).never ，seldom，hardly ，little，few 等引起的倒裝否定詞 never ，seldom，rarely，hardly ，barely ，scarcely ，little，few 等位于句首時(shí)所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則為完全倒裝形式。如：Never shall I forget the days when you were with us.Little does he realize how important this meeting is.Never/Seldo

8、m has there been so much protest against the Bomb.他對(duì)這個(gè)會(huì)議的重要性不甚了了。(2).nowhere，no longer，no more等引起的倒裝nowhere( 無(wú)處 ) ，no longer(不再 ) ，no more( 也不 ) 等否定詞位于句首時(shí)所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則為完全倒裝形式：No longer was he in charge of this work.他不再負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)工作了。Nowhere is drug abuse more of a problem than i

9、n the US.'She didn't know the reason for his leaving.' 'No more do I (=neither do I).'(3).not until，not a，not in the least等引起的倒裝notuntil(直到才)， nota(一個(gè)也沒(méi)有)， notintheleast(一點(diǎn)兒也不)， notforaminute/moment(一點(diǎn)兒也不) 等位于句首時(shí)，通常引起倒裝(not a之后的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)除外) ，其形式通常為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則為完全倒

10、裝形式。如：Not until all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide to go on strike.一直到所有的要求遭到拒絕之后，工人們才決定罷工。Not once did he talk to me.他一次也沒(méi)有和我談過(guò)。Not a word did he say.他一句話也沒(méi)說(shuō)。Not in the least am I afraid of you any more.(4).under no circumstances，by no means ，in no way，at no time等引起的倒裝in/un

11、derno circumstances( 無(wú)論如何不) ，by no means ( 決不 ) ， in no case( 無(wú)論如何不) ， in no way ( 決不 ) ， on no account( 決不可) ， on no condition( 決不 ) ，at no time（永不 .,在任何時(shí)候都不）等短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)所引起的倒裝句通常為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則為完全倒裝形式。如：In no case must force be resorted to.決不準(zhǔn)許訴諸武力。By no means is it true that all Engl

12、ish people know their own language well.絕非所有的英國(guó)人都通曉本國(guó)語(yǔ)。At no time did anyone involved speak to the press.Under no circumstances would he change his mind.Under no circumstances should you lend him any money.你無(wú)論如何都不該把錢(qián)借給他。On no account must you accept any money if he offers it.他如要給你錢(qián)，你可絕不能接受。In no cas

13、e should you give up.你絕不能放棄。On no condition should we tell her about it.我們絕不能把此事告訴她。No way will I go on working for that man.我再也不給那個(gè)人工作了。8. 關(guān)聯(lián)連詞位于句首時(shí)引起的倒裝(1).not only.but also引起的倒裝not only.but also位于句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式或一般過(guò)去時(shí)形式，則為完全倒裝形式。如：Not only should we not be afraid of difficulti

14、es, but also we should try our best to overcomethem.我們不僅應(yīng)該不怕困難，而且應(yīng)該盡最大努力去克服它們。Not only did he come, but he saw her.他不僅來(lái)了，而且還見(jiàn)到了她。Not only does she speak Spanish, (but) she also knows how to type.她不但會(huì)說(shuō)西班牙語(yǔ)，還會(huì)打字呢。Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.他不僅是一位教師，而且是一位詩(shī)人。Not only did he speak mo

15、re correctly, but he spoke more easily.不僅他講得更正確，也講得更不費(fèi)勁了。Not only did they present a musical performance, but theyalso gave a brief introduction to thehistory of Western brass instruments.他們不但做了音樂(lè)表演，而且簡(jiǎn)短地介紹了西方銅管樂(lè)器的歷史 .(2).neither.nor引起的倒裝neither.nor位于句首引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則為完全倒裝形式。如

16、：Neither Peter wanted the responsibility， nor did his wife.彼得不想擔(dān)此責(zé)任，他妻子也不想擔(dān)此責(zé)任。(3).引起的倒裝hardly/scarcely/barely.when或no sooner.than位于句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則為完全倒裝形式。如：Hardly had he arrived when/No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again.他剛到就又被請(qǐng)走了。(4).so.that引起的倒裝so.th

17、at位于句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則為完全倒裝形式。如：So angry was he (He so angry) that he couldnt speak.他如此憤怒，以致說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天氣太冷，我們只好呆在家里。So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour.他們吃得太多了，一個(gè)小時(shí)都動(dòng)彈不得。So loudly did he speak that eve

18、n people in the next room could hear him.他講話聲音太大，隔壁的人都聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光速很快，我們幾乎沒(méi)法像它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.襲擊來(lái)得非常突然，我們來(lái)不及逃跑。類(lèi)似地，當(dāng)suchthat 結(jié)構(gòu)的such 置于句首時(shí)，such后的句子也要使用部分倒裝。Such a nice man did he seem that we all belie

19、ve him.他像個(gè)很和藹的人，所以我們都喜歡他。(5).such.that引起的倒裝such.that位于句首所引起的倒裝句為部分倒裝形式，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則為完全倒裝形式。如：Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸的威力如此之大，以致所有的窗戶都被震破了。9. only 引起的倒裝：當(dāng)副詞only位于句首并修飾狀語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，引起句子的倒裝，其形式通常為部分倒裝，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則為完全倒裝。如：Only in this way

20、can you solve this problem.只有用這種方法，你才可以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Only yesterday did I finish this the book.到昨天我才讀完那本書(shū)。Only then did I understand what she meant.只有到那時(shí)我才明白她的意思。Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.他只有叫喊才能讓別人聽(tīng)到他。注意，在only 后作狀語(yǔ)的是從句時(shí)，從句不要用倒裝，要部分倒裝的是主句。如：Only when it rains do you feel cool.只有下雨時(shí)

21、才覺(jué)得涼爽一點(diǎn)。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.當(dāng)他回到家里時(shí)，才知道出了什么事。Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged.我們只是在著陸之后才看到飛機(jī)損壞的嚴(yán)重程度。10. 表語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)所引起的倒裝當(dāng)作表語(yǔ)的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等位于句首時(shí)，常常引起倒裝，其形式為完全倒裝：Aristotle says，“ Plato is dear to me，but dearer still is truth.” 亞里斯多

22、德說(shuō)，“吾愛(ài)柏拉圖，但更愛(ài)真理?！盤(pán)resentat the meeting were ProfessorSmith ，ProfessorBrown，SirHugh and many othercelebrities.到會(huì)的有史密斯教授、勃朗教授、休爵士以及許多其它知名人士。At the front of the book is atable of contents, giving details of what is in the book書(shū)的前部有目錄，詳列了書(shū)的內(nèi)容11. 狀語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)所引起的倒裝(1).當(dāng)位于句首的狀語(yǔ)是一些表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)或表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞（如 away，bac

23、k，down，in ，off ，out ， up）時(shí)，常常引起倒裝，其形式為全部倒裝。如：Away went the runners.賽跑手們刷地跑開(kāi)了。Down came the rain.雨嘩地落下來(lái)了。Ahead sat an old woman.Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Round and round flew the plane.飛機(jī)盤(pán)旋著。The door opened and in came Mr. Smith.門(mén)開(kāi)了，史密斯先生進(jìn)了來(lái)。Down came the rain and up went the umbrell

24、as.下雨了，傘都撐起來(lái)了。注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞，如果主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞則不能完全倒裝：Away theywent.(2).介詞短語(yǔ)作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，放在句首，后面跟的是不及物動(dòng)詞be, come, sit, live, stand, lie, exist等時(shí)常常引起倒裝，其形式為全部倒裝。如：Next to the table is a chair.桌旁有把椅子。At the South Pole lies Antarctica, the coldest and most desolate region on earth.12. 狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝(1).讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝as

25、 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝：在 as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，位于句首的可以是形容詞、名詞、副詞，還可以是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一部分，從而形成從句的部分倒裝。如：Tires as he was, he continued the work.雖然他累了，但是仍然繼續(xù)工作。(2).方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝as 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句一般為正常語(yǔ)序，但是，如果主語(yǔ)比謂語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)，可將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前，形成完全倒裝。如：He believed， as did all his family， that the king was the supreme lord.他和他全家人一樣，都認(rèn)為國(guó)王是至高無(wú)上的君主。(3).比較狀語(yǔ)

26、從句的倒裝than 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝：由 than 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句一般為正常語(yǔ)序。但是，如果主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，可將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前，形成完全倒裝：Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than does eastern Nebraska.內(nèi)布拉斯加西部地區(qū)的降雪通常比東部地區(qū)少。13. the more. ，the more. 結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝在以 the more.， the more.引導(dǎo)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，采用部分倒裝；如果主句的主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，可將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前，形成完全倒裝。如：The more books you read（賓語(yǔ)

27、提前）， the wider your knowledge is（表語(yǔ)提前）14. 分詞和不定式置于句首的倒裝，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，可將謂語(yǔ)部分的現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞或不定式置于句首，從而構(gòu)成倒裝：Buried in the sands was an ancient village.一個(gè)古老的村莊被埋在這沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife.站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully considered are the following questions.下列問(wèn)題要仔細(xì)考慮。15. 其它倒裝形式1） Such is life之類(lèi)的倒裝

28、：這類(lèi)句子中的such其實(shí)為表語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是其后的life。如：Such is his nature.他的本性就這樣。Such were his words.這就是他所說(shuō)的話。2）表示祝愿的句子的倒裝May you succeed!祝你成功！Long live the Peoples Republic of China!中華人民共和國(guó)萬(wàn)歲！3）以頻度副詞開(kāi)頭引出的倒裝：以always, usually, often, now and then, many a time, every day等頻度副詞位于句首，且表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，用部分倒裝；但若不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，也可不用倒裝。如：Often did we

29、warn him not to do so.我曾常常警告他不要那樣做。Often he walked.他過(guò)去經(jīng)常步行。Then did I throw myself into a chair, exhausted.這時(shí)我累得一下就坐在椅子上了。Then I went back to my own room.于是我回到自己的房間去。倒裝練習(xí)第一部分1._canyouexpecttogetapayrise.A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughworkhardC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthathe workshard2._,motherwillwaitforhimto

30、have dinnertogether.A.HoweverlateisheB.However heis lateC.However is helateD.Howeverlateheis3.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealize D.didn t thevillagersrealize4.NotuntilIbegantowork_howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.d

31、idn t realizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn t realizeD.Irealized5. DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother Idontknow,_.A.nordont IcareB.nordo IcareC.I dont careneitherD. Idont carealso6.Onlybypracticinga fewhourseveryday _ beabletowastemuch time.A. youcanB.canyouC. youwillD.willyou7.Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th

32、century_whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknewC.didn tmanknowD.didmanknow8._gotintotheroom _thetelephonerang.A.Het;hardly;thanthenD.NothadB.he;Hardlywhenhadhe;whenC.Hehadno9.but_ theysnacks and also broughtdrinks cardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicinthe，forest.A.C.Not Notonly onlythey broughtbroughtth

33、eyB.D.NotNot onlyonlytheydiddidtheybringbring10.IdontthinkIcanwalkanyfurther. _,Let sstophereforarest.A.NeithercanIB.NeitherdoIC.Ididn tthinksoD.Ithinkso11. Only A. must 12. HardlyinthiswayweB.we_whenit_couldbegandoitC.towell.canrain.weD.wecanA.hadhearrivedB.arrivedheC.hehadarrivedD.didhearrive13.A.

34、C.JackItSoisisawastheMikestudentandsamewithstudiesMikeD.attheSodoesNo.B.Mike2MiddleSchool.So_.itiswithMike14._,Iwouldhavegivenyouhisaddress.A.IfyouaskedmeB.YouhadaskedmeC.ShouldyouhaveaskedmeD. Hadyou askedme15._thattheyhadmadeanimportantdiscoveryinscience.A.LittletheyrealizedB.Theyhadrealizedlittle

35、C.LittledidtheyrealizeD. Littlehadtheyrealized16._thatIcouldn t beabsorbedinthework.A.TheymadesuchtalkedB.SoloudlytheytalkedC.Itwas noiseoutsideD.Suchaloudnoisedidtheymake17.Manyatime_megoodadvice.A.hegaveB.doeshegiveC.hehasgivenD.hashegiven18._haveIseenabetterperformance.A.EverywhereB. NowhereelseC

36、.EverywhereelseD.Nowhere19.Not asingleword_atthebeginning.A.didhesayB.hashesaidC.hesaidD.hehassaid20.Onlyinanhourago_outwhyhewasabsent.A.didtheteacherfoundB.theteacherfoundC.didthefindD.hadtheteacherfoundteacher21. _the plane.A.FlewdownB.DownflewC.Downwasflyingfly22.Hardly_whenthebussuddenlypulledaw

37、ay.A. theyhadgottothebusstopB.theygottothebusstopC.didtheygettothebusstopD.hadtheygottothebus23._Ihadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.A.IfB.UnlessC.HadD.When24.Notonly_apromise, buthealsokeptit.A.hadhemadeB.hehadmadeC.didhemakeD.hemakes25._Iwouldseeyouhere.D.DownstopA.LittleIdreamedB.LittledoIdr

38、eamC.IdreamedlittleD.LittledidIdream26.There_.A.cometheyB.theycomeC.theyarecomeD.theywillcome27._thathecouldnotspeakforalongtime.A.SofrightenedwasheB.SofrightenedhewasC.WashesofrightenedD.Frightenedwashe28.Onlywhenclassbegan_thathehadlefthisbookathome.A.willherealizeB.hedidrealizeC.didherealizeD.sho

39、uldherealize29.Onlywhenyouhavefinishedyourhomework_gohome.A.canyouB.wouldyouC.youwillD.youcan30.Seldom_anymistakesduringmypastfewyearsofworkinghere.A.wouldImakeB.didImakeC.IdidmakeD.shallImake第二部分1. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A. didn't I realizeB. did I realizeC. I di

40、dn't realizeD. I realized2. Only by practicing a few hours every day _ be able to master the language.A. you canB. can youC. you willD. will you3. If you don't go，neither _.A. shall IB. do IC. I doD. I shall4. No sooner _ to the station _ the train left.A. had I got， whenB. I had got， thanC.

41、 had I got， thanD. did I get， when5. - Your father is very strict with you.- _. He never lets off a single mistake of oursA. So he isB. So is heC. He is soD. So does he6. _ today， he would get there by Sunday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave7. Never in my life _ su

42、ch a thing.A. I have heard or have seenB. have I heard or seenC. I have heard or seenD. did I hear or see8. - Here _！ Where is Xiao Liu- There _.A. comes the bus， is heB. comes the bus， he isC. the bus comes， is he D. the bus comes， he is9. _， I will not buy it.A. Much as do I like it B. As much I like itC. Much as I like itD. As I like it much10. - I like football. I don't like volleyball.- _.A. So do IB. Neither do IC. So it is with meD. So is it with methe expense， I _ to Italy.A. If it were not， go，C. Weren't it for， will goD. If it hadnt been ，would