考研前30天成功試卷(英語)試卷1

1、考研前30天成功試卷（英語）試卷1Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In October 2002, Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank 1 a new electronic market for economic indices that 2 substantial economic

2、 risks, such as nonfarm payroll (a measure of job availability) and retail sales. This new market was made possible by a 3 rating technology, developed by Longitude, a New York company providing software for financial markets, 4 the Parimutuel Digital Call Auction. This is "digital"5 of ad

3、igital option: ie, it pays out only if an underlying index lies in a narrow, discrete range. In effect, Longitudehas created ahorse race, where each "horse" wins if and 6 the specified index falls in a specified range. By creating horses for every possible 7 of the index, and allowing peop

4、le to bet 8 any number of runners, the company has produced a liquid integrated electronic market for a wide array of options on economic indices.Ten years ago it was 9 impossible to make use of electronic information about home values. Now, mortgage lenders have online automated valuation models th

5、at allow them to estimate values and to 10 the risk in their portfolios. This has led to a proliferation of types of home loan, some of 11 have improved risk-management characteristics.We are also beginning to see new kinds of 12 for homes, which will make it possible to protect the value of 13, for

6、 most people, is the single most important 14 of their wealth. The Yale University-Neighbourhood Reinvestment Corporation programme, 15 last year in the city of Syracuse, in New York state, may be a model for home-equity insurance policies that 16 sophisticated economic indices of house prices to de

7、fine the 17 of the policy. Electronic futures markets that are based on econometric indices of house prices by city, already begun by City Index and IG Index in Britain and now 18 developed in the United States, will enable home-equity insurers to hedge the risks that they acquire by writing these p

8、olicies.These examples are not impressive successes yet. But they 19 as early precursors of a technology that should one day help us to deal with the massive risks of inequality that 20will beset us in coming years.1. A created B generated C initiated D originated2. A reproduce B restore C represent

9、 D resume3. A sophisticated B expensive C available D established4. A made B called C asked D read5. A in the course B in the event C in the light D in the sense6. A when B until C now that D only if7. A extent B range C line D area8. A for B in C on D up9. A virtually B admittedly C absolutely D or

10、iginally10. A assume B assess C dismiss D erase11. A them B which C that D whom12. A management B insurance C security D technology13. A what B those C where D it14. A guarantee B protection C component D source15. A secured B sponsored C released D launched16. A look to B set up C lay down D rely o

11、n17. A terms B specifications C concepts Dconsequences18. A is B being C been D are19. A emerge B appear C stand D arise20. A somehow B anyway C otherwise D therebySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C

12、 or D. Mark your answers on ANAWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1The California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS) has positioned itself as the premier champion of investor rights, regularly singling out bad managers at some of the nation's largest companies in its annual corporate-gov

13、ernance focus lists. And with $153 billion under management, Wall Street tends to listen when CalPERS speaks out. But the country's largest pension fund has never taken on as big a fish as it did Dec. 16, when it filed a class action against the New York Stock Exchange and seven of its member fi

14、rms. CalPERS' suit charges the NYSE and specialist firms with fraud, alleging that the exchange skirted its regulatory dutiesand allowed its members to trade stocks at the expense of investors.The move is a major slap in the face for the NYSE's recently appointed interim Chairman John Reed.

15、The former Citibank chairman and CEO came on board in September after the exchange's longtime head, Richard Grasso, resigned under pressure over public outrage about his excessive compensation.Reed has been widely criticized by CalPERS and other institutional investors for not including represen

16、tatives of investors on the exchange's newly constituted board and not clearly separating the exchange's regulatory function from its day-to-day operations. The CalPERS lawsuit is evidence that the investment communities' dissatisfaction hasn't ebbed. "Our hopes were dashed when

17、 Mr. Reed didn't perform," says Harrigan.The suit alleges that seven specialist firms profited by abusing and overusing a series of trading tactics. The tactics, which are not currently illegal, include "penny jumping," where a firm positions itself between two orders to capture a

18、 piece of the price differential, "front running," which involves trading in advance of customers based on confidential information obtained by their orders, and "freezing" the firm's order book so that the firm can make trades on its own account first.Many of the suit's

19、allegations are based on a previously disclosed investigation of the exchange conducted by the Securities Exchange Commission. According to the suit, the October SEC report found "serious deficiencies in the NYSE's surveillance and investigative procedures, including a habit of ignoring rep

20、eat violations by specialist firms."The suit highlights the growing frustration that institutional investors have expressed with what they perceive as a system that needs to be revamped if not eliminated.According to California State ComptrollerSteve Westley, aCalPERS board member who participa

21、ted in the Dec. 16 press conference, he has repeatedly called on the NYSE to end its use of specialist firms to facilitate trades and move to a system of openly matching of buyers and sellers. BLIND EYE? "There's no reason not to move to a fully automated exchange," Westley says. "

22、;Every exchange in the world is using such a system. The time is now for the NYSE to move into the 21st century and remove the cloud that there's self-dealing working against investors."21. What does the word"a fish"(Para. 1) probably referto?A. CalPERS. B.pension fund. C. Wall St

23、reet. D. NYSE.22. The CalPERS lawsuit indicates that.A. the NYSE did ignore its regulatory dutiesB. John Reed should resign like his predecessorC. the investors were dissatisfied with the NYSED. the exchange should have its board reelected23. Which of the following statements is Not true?A. Investor

24、s were not sufficiently represented on NYSE's board.B. The seven specialist firms made profits by illegal procedures.C. CalPERS's suit against the NYSE resulted largely from a SEC's report.D. NYSE had ignored the firms' improper operations for a long time.24. According to Westley, NY

25、SE's problem results from .A. its reliance on specialist firmsB. its system of matching tradersC. its automated exchangeD. its violation of investors' interests25. The best title for the text may be.A.Champion of investor rightsB.Seven specialist firmsC.CalPERS speaks out to Wall StreetD.Law

26、suits against NYSEText 2Multifunction superpills aren't nearly as farfetched as they may sound. And reducing such serious risks to heart health as soaring cholesterol, diabetes, and high blood pressure potentially could save many lives and be highly lucrative for drug companies. A combo pill fro

27、m Pfizer (PFE ) of its hypertension drug Norvasc and cholesterol-lowering agent Lipitor "could have huge potential," says Shaojing Tong, analyst at Mehta Partners. "Offering two functions in one pill itself is a huge convenience."If such pills catch on, they could generate signif

28、icant revenues for drug companies. In Pfizer's case, the goal is to transfer as many qualified patients as possible to the combo pill. Norvasc's patents expire in 2007, but Pfizer could avoid losing all its revenues from the drug at once if it were part of a superpill. Sena Lund, an analyst

29、at Cathay Financial, sees Pfizer selling $4.2 billion worth of Norvasc-Lipitor by 2007. That would help take up the slack for falling sales of Lipitor, which he projects will drop to $5 billion in 2007, down from $8 billion last year.Pfizer argues that addressing two distinct and serious cardiovascu

30、lar risk factors in one pill has advantages. People with both hypertensionand high LDL cholesterol (the "bad"kind) number around 27 million in the U.S., notes Craig Hopkinson, medical director for dual therapy at Pfizer, and only 2% of that population reaches adequate treatment goals.Takin

31、g two treatments in one will increase the number of patients who take the medications properly and "assist in getting patients to goal," he says.Doctors also may be quick to adopt Norvasc-Lipitor, Pfizer figures, because it's made up of two well-studied drugs, which many physicians are

32、 already familiarwith. But Dr.Stanley Rockson, chief of consultative cardiology at Stanford University Medical Center, says fixed-dose combination pills represent "an interesting crossroads" for physicians, who are typically trained to "approach each individual problem with care."

33、; Combining treatmentswould challenge doctors toapproach heart disease differently. But better patient compliance is important enough, says Rockson, that he expects doctors to be open to trying the combined pill.Some other physicians are more skeptical. "If you want to change dosage on one of t

34、he new pill's two drugs, you're stuck," fears Dr. Irene Gavris, professor of medicine at Boston University School of Medicine. She says she would feel most comfortable trying the combination pill on patients who "have been on the drugs for a while" and are thus unlikely to nee

35、d changes in dosage.As usual, economics could tip the scales. Patients now taking both Lipitor and Norvasc "could cut their insurance co-pay in half" by switching to the combo drug, Gavris notes. That's a key advantage. Controlling hypertension, for instance, can require three or more

36、drugs, and the financial burden on patients mounts quickly. If patients also benefit as Pfizerand other drug companies contendmaking the switchto superpills could be advantageous for everyone.26. Pfizer could avoid the loss caused by expiration of Norvasc's patents by.A. reducing the various ris

37、ks to heart healthB. switching the patients to the superpillsC. offering greater convenience to patientsD. increasing the sales of Lipitor927. Which of the following is Not one of the advantages of superpills?A. Lessening several risks to the heart at the same time.B. Restoring the lost body functio

38、ns of the patients.C. Contributing enormously to the income of drug companies.D. Helping more patients to reach treatment goals.28. The fourth paragraph is intended mainly to.A. contrast different responses to combopillsB. explain Pfizer's expectation of doctors' supportC. illustrate doctors

39、' possible reception of combopillsD. stress the importance of patient compliance29. It can be inferred from the text that.A. doctors' approval is decisive for the invention of medicinesB. drug companies will benefit a lot from the new pills financiallyC. different people exhibit different at

40、titudes toward the new pillsD. switch in medications is up to a combination of factors30. The author's attitude towards superpills can best be described as one of.A. approvalB. neutralC. toleranceD. disapprovalText 3After their 20-year-old son hanged himself during his winter break from the Univ

41、ersity of Arizona five years ago, Donna and Phil Satow wondered what signs they had overlooked, and started asking other students for answers.What grew from this soul searching was Ulifeline, a Web site where students can get answers to questions about depression by logging on through their universi

42、ties. The site has been adopted as a resource by over 120 colleges, which can customize it with local information, and over 1.3 million students have logged on with their college ID's."It's a very solid Web site that raises awareness of suicide, de-stigmatizes mental illness and encoura

43、ges people to seek the help they need," said Paul Grayson, the director of counseling services at New York University, which started using the service nearly a year ago.The main component of the Web site is the Self-E-Valuator, a self-screening program developed by DukeUniversity Medical Center

44、 that tests students to determine whether they are at risk for depression, suicide and disorders like anorexia and drug dependence. Besides helping students, the service compiles anonymous student data, offering administrators an important window onto the mental health of its campus.The site provide

45、s university users with links to local mentalhealthservices,acatalog of informationonprescription drugs and side effects, and access to Go Ask Alice, a vastarchivedevelopedby Columbia Universitywithhundreds of responses to anonymously posted inquiries from collegestudentsworldwide.For studentsconcer

46、nedabouttheir friends, there is a section that describes warning signs for suicidal behavior and depression.Yet it is hard to determine how effective the service is. The anonymity of the online service can even play out as a negative. "There is no substitute for personal interaction （個人互動才能解決）,

47、"said Dr. Lanny Berman, executive director of the American Associationof Suicidology,based inWashington.Ulifeline would be the first to say that its service is no replacement for an actual therapist. "The purpose is to find out if there are signs of depression and then direct people to the

48、 right places," said Ron Gibori, executive director of Ulifeline.Mrs. Satow, who is still involved with Ulifeline, called it "a knowledge base" that might have prevented the death of her son, Jed. "If Jed's friends had known the signs of depression, they might have seen somet

49、hing," she said.31. The first paragraph is written to.A. report the suicide of a young manB. show the suffering of Mr. And Mrs. SatowC. describe the Satows' confusion over their son's deathD. introduce the topic of a website called Ulifeline32. One reason that many colleges adopt the we

50、bsite is to.A. provide their students with campus informationB. offer medical treatment to students in mental disorderC. encourage their students to seek advice about depressionD. give their students various help they may need33. Go Ask Alice as mentioned in the passage is.A. a side effect caused by

51、 some prescription drugsB. intended to counsel college students on mentalproblemsC. a collection of medical responses from students the world overD. meant to describe the various signs of mental disorders34. The first sentence of the sixth paragraph implies thatA. only actual therapy can ensure adeq

52、uate treatmentB. the help given by the web service is doubtfulC. doctors have expressed a negative view of the serviceD. a therapist's office is the first place for the depressed to go35. Mrs. Satow would probably agree that.A. Jed's friends can prevent her son's deathB. her son's su

53、icide is unavoidableC. Ulifeline is a worthwhile websiteD. depression is the final cause of suicidesText 4The meaningsof "science" and "technology"havechanged significantlyfrom one generation to another. Moresimilarities than differences, however, can be found between the terms.

54、Both science and technology imply a thinkingprocess, both are concerned with causal relationships in the material world, and both employ an experimental methodology that results in empirical demonstrations that can be verified by repetition. Science, at least in theory, is less concernedwith the pra

55、cticalityof its results and moreconcernedwith the development of general laws, but inpractice science and technology are inextricably involved with each other. The varying interplay of the two can be observed in the historical development of such practitioners as chemists, engineers, physicists, ast

56、ronomers, carpenters, potters, and many other specialists. Differing educational requirements, social status, vocabulary, methodology, and types of rewards, as well as institutional objectives and professional goals, contribute to such distinctions as can be made between the activities of scientists

57、 and technologists; but throughout history the practitioners of "pure" science have made many practical as well as theoretical contributions.Indeed, the concept that science provides the ideas for technological innovations and that pure research is therefore essential for any significant a

58、dvancement in industrial civilization is essentially a myth. Most of the greatest changes in industrial civilization cannot be traced to the laboratory.the fields of mechanics,Fundamental tools and processes in chemistry, astronomy, metallurgy, and hydraulics were developed before the laws governing

59、 their functions were discovered. The steam engine, for example, was commonplace before the science of thermodynamics elucidated the physical principle underlying its operations.In recent years a sharp value distinction has grown up between science and technology. Advances in science have frequently had their bitter opponents, but today many people have come to fear technology much more than science. For these people, science may be perceived as a serene, objective source for understanding the