上海牛津小學(xué)英語語法知識總結(jié)

1、姓名 上海牛津小學(xué)英語語法知識總結(jié)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)定義：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動作、狀態(tài)。句中通常有usually（通常），often（經(jīng)常），every day（每天），sometimes（有時(shí)），always（總是），at weekends（在周末），on sundays（在星期天）等表示經(jīng)常性時(shí)間的短語。構(gòu)成：1、當(dāng)謂語是be動詞時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：主語be動詞其他如：i am a student（我是一名學(xué)生）. he is jims father（他是吉姆的爸爸）. they are from japan（他們是來自日本。）.2、當(dāng)謂語是行為動詞時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：主語（非第三人稱單數(shù)

2、）動詞原形其他 如：i often watch tv at the weekends（我經(jīng)常在周末看電視）. 主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式其他 如：jim usually visits his grandparents on sundays（吉姆通常在周末看望爺爺奶奶。）. 3、動詞三單形式的變化規(guī)則： 一般情況下，直接加s 如：read-reads，swim-swims 以s，x，sh，ch，o結(jié)尾，加es 如：wash-washes，watch-watches，do-does 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾，變y為i，再加es 如：study-studies，fly-flies 不規(guī)則變化

3、 如：have-has4、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換：肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答they watch tv every day.they dont watch tv every day.do they watch tv every day?yes, they do. / no, they dont.she watches tv every day.she doesnt watch tv every day. does she watch tv every day?yes, she does. / no, she doesnt.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)習(xí)題：1、ann (like) maths. she thin

4、ks it is too difficult.(安 數(shù)學(xué)，她認(rèn)為它太難了)2、our english teacher always (give) us some useful advice.(我們的英語老師總是給我們一些有用的建議。)3、it （take）me about eight hours from shanghai to wuhu by train.(從上海至蕪湖坐火車需花八小時(shí))4、why does he always (have )toothache?(為什么他總是牙痛？)5、what time (do) your plane leave for hong kong tomorro

5、w?(你們的飛機(jī)明天幾點(diǎn)飛往香港？、6、peter usually (draw) pictures at home. (彼得總是在家畫畫。)7、tom never (tell) lies. (湯姆從不說謊。)8、how (do) it feel? it (be) soft. (它感覺如何？它很軟。)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)定義：表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。句中常有now，look，listen等詞。如：i am washing clothes now.（我現(xiàn)在正在洗衣服）構(gòu)成：be動詞（am/is/are）+ 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞（v-ing）動詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成： 一般是在動詞原形后加ing 如：read-

6、reading，drink-drinking，eat-eating，look-looking 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉e，再加ing 如：write-writing，make-making，ride-riding，take-taking 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，要雙寫這個(gè)字母，再加ing 如：sit-sitting，swim-swimming，put-putting，run-running，stop-stopping，get-getting，begin-beginning，jog-jogging，forget-forgetting動名詞其實(shí)就是動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，它既有名詞性

7、質(zhì)（可作主語），又有動詞性質(zhì)（可帶賓語）。如：my favourite indoor activity is collecting stamps.(我最愛的室內(nèi)運(yùn)動是集郵。)5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換：肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答he is running now.he isnt running now. is he running now?yes, he is. / no, he isnt. they are making a puppet.they arent making a puppet. are they making a puppet?yes, they are. / no, the

8、y arent.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)習(xí)題：1、look, she (swim in the pool)(看，她正在水池里游泳。)2、look！the girl in the hall. (看，這個(gè)女孩正在跳舞。)3、look！tom (sit) on the bench.(看，湯姆正坐在長凳上。)4、look, the farmer (water) the crops on his farm.(看，這個(gè)農(nóng)民正在農(nóng)場上澆灌莊稼。)5、listen! the girl (sing)(聽，這個(gè)女孩正在唱歌。)動名詞習(xí)題： (collect) stamps is my favourite indoor acti

9、vity.(集郵是我最愛的室內(nèi)運(yùn)動)my sister likes (swim) (我妹妹喜歡游泳。)please stop (talk) （請停止說話.）many people like (travel ) by bus.(許多人喜歡坐巴士出行。)i like (make ) models. (我喜歡做模型。)chinese people enjoy (eat) dumplings.(中國人喜歡吃餃子。)we must stop (pollute ) them and keep (they) clean.(我們必須停止污染它們并保持他們清潔。)i can save water by not

10、(play) water games.(我們不能通過打水仗來節(jié)約用水。)i like (do) puzzles at home.(我喜歡在家拼拼圖。)my favourite outdoor activity is (watch) television.(我最愛的室外運(yùn)動是看電視。)we really enjoy (work) (我們真的喜歡工作。)i am poor at (learn) english. 一般過去時(shí)定義：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：a moment ago（一個(gè)月之前），just now（剛才），yesterday（昨天），la

11、st week（上周），this morning（今天早上）等。如： jim went to the supermarket yesterday.（吉姆昨天去超市的。）構(gòu)成：主語動詞的過去式其他動詞過去式的變化規(guī)則： 一般在動詞原形末尾加ed 如：play-played，listen-listened，look-looked 結(jié)尾是e的動詞，加d 如：live-lived，like-liked，taste-tasted 輔音字母y結(jié)尾的動詞，變y為i，再加ed 如：study-studied，carry-carried，cry-cried 末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，

12、再加ed 如：stop-stopped，plan-planned 不規(guī)則變化 如： go-went(去) fly-flew(飛) have/has-had（有） eat-ate(吃) come-came(來) do-did(做) blow-blew(吹) make-made(做) put-put(放) take-took(帶)lose-lost(丟失) am/is-was（是） are-were（是）buy-bought（買） write-wrote(寫)一般過去時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答he watched tv yesterday.he didnt watch tv yest

13、erday. did he watch tv yesterday?yes, he did. / no, he didnt.they played games just now.they didnt play games just now. did they play games just now?yes, they did. / no, they didnt.一般過去時(shí)習(xí)題：1、quyuan (be) born about two thousand years ago,(屈原大約出生于兩千年前)2、he (be) born in 1990.(他1990年出生的。)3、in the past,

14、there (be) only single-decker buses.( 在過去，只有單層巴士。)4、we (go) to a restaurant for lunch yesterday.(昨天我們?nèi)ゲ蛷d午餐的。)5、i (go ) home at five yesterday afternoon.(我昨天下午五點(diǎn)回家的。)6、tom (have ) lunch with his family last spring festival.(湯姆去年春節(jié)和家人共進(jìn)午餐的。)7、mike and his sister (be) in japan last year. (麥克和他的妹妹去年在日本。

15、)8、 （do）you (go) to parties yesterday?(昨天你去了晚會嗎？)9、did you (make ) a model plane last night?(你昨天晚上做了一架模型飛機(jī)嗎？)10、the wind became a typhoon and (blow) fiercely.一般將來時(shí)定義：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，以及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備某事。句中一般含有表示將來的時(shí)間狀語，如：tomorrow morning（明天早上），next week（下周），this afternoon今天下午）等表示將來的時(shí)間狀語。構(gòu)成： be gong to +動詞原形

16、 如：they are going to los angeles.(他們準(zhǔn)備去洛杉磯。) will +動詞原形 如：they will go swimming this afternoon.（他們今天下午將去游泳。）be going to 和will 區(qū)別： be going to表示經(jīng)過事先安排、打算或決定要做的事情，基本上一定會發(fā)生；will則表示有可能去做，但不一定發(fā)生，也常表示說話人的臨時(shí)決定。be going to表示近期或眼下就要發(fā)生的事情；will表示的將來時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些。如：he is going to write a letter tomorrow. i will meet

17、her one day. be going to還可以用來表示有跡象表明某件事將要發(fā)生，常用于天氣等自然現(xiàn)象。如：look! its going to rain.4、一般將來時(shí)句型轉(zhuǎn)換：肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答she is going to have a picnic tomorrow.she isnt going to have a picnic tomorrow.is she going to have a picnic tomorrow?yes, she is. / no, she isnt.they will go swimming this afternoon.they will

18、 not(wont) go swimming this afternoon.will they go swimming this afternoon?yes, they will. / no, they wont.一般將來時(shí)習(xí)題：they are (go) go los angeles. (他們準(zhǔn)備去洛杉磯。)hes going to (leave) home at seven tomorrow morning.(他準(zhǔn)備明天早上七點(diǎn)離開家。)i think peter will (weigh) 75 kilograms in 10 years time.(我認(rèn)為彼得十年后將重75千克。)gra

19、ndma is going to (leave) home tomorrow morning,(奶奶將在明天早上離開家。)im going to (visit) my uncle this sunday,(這個(gè)星期天我將去看望我的叔叔。)may will (be) 168 centimetres tall.(梅將有168高。)he (go) to leave home at seven tomorrow morning.(他準(zhǔn)備明天早上七點(diǎn)離開家。)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)定義：（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 （2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在

20、動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動詞表示）常與for(時(shí)間段)，sine(時(shí)間點(diǎn)或者過去的句子）連用。構(gòu)成： 助動詞have/has+過去分詞有以下標(biāo)志性單詞：1、以already, just和yet為標(biāo)志。如：grandma has already bought aunt judy plenty of t-shirts and several silk scarves.(奶奶給茱迪阿姨買了好些t恤衫和幾條絲巾。)2、以ever和never和before為標(biāo)志 如：i have never been to beijing before.（我以前從沒去過北京。）3、for+一段時(shí)間 如：he

21、has bought the car for one year.(他已經(jīng)買車一年了。)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換：肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答i have lived in china for ten years.i have not lived in china for ten years.have you lived in china for ten years.yes, i have / no, i havent.he has lived in china for ten years.he has not lived in china for ten years.has he lived in

22、 china for ten years.yes, he has/ no, he hasnt.過去分詞：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。不規(guī)則動詞：原形、過去式及過去分詞bring-brought-brought(帶) get-got-got(得到) write-wrote-written(寫) buy-bought-bought(買)put-put-put(放) pack-packed-packed(打包) live-lived-lived(居住) do-did-done(做)過去分詞：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)習(xí)題

23、： have you (bring) your suitcase?(你帶了你的行李箱嗎？)he (buy) the car for one year. (他買這車已經(jīng)一年了。)has she (call ) you yet?(她還打你電話的？)they have already (do) a lot of things.(他們已經(jīng)做了很多事情。)i have (be) to hefei before. (我以前去過合肥。)have you (get) any us dollars?(你有一些美元嗎？)i have already (write) down mays address.(我已經(jīng)寫下

24、梅的地址了。)aunt judy (live) in los angeles for six years.(茱迪阿姨已經(jīng)住在洛杉磯六年了。)i (live) in wuhu for ten years.(我已經(jīng)在蕪湖生活了十年了。)后加動詞原形的單詞：1、情態(tài)動詞后：有can (could), may (might), must, have to（不得不）, shall (should, will (would) would rather(寧愿)等。 2、助動詞后：do, does, did. 3、動詞不定式to后 習(xí)題：1、you should (wear) more c

25、lothes.( 你應(yīng)該多穿點(diǎn)衣服)people cannot (live) without air and water.(人們沒有空氣和水無法生存)my little brother likes to (have ) some cake.i am going to (take ) a bath. we must (stop) cutting down forest. (我們必須停止砍伐森林。)let help you.(讓我來幫助你。)big waves in the sea may (sink) ships and boats.(海里的巨浪可能將船只沉沒。)i would rather (have) have some bread.(我寧愿要點(diǎn)面包。)you can (travel) by train.(你能坐火車旅行。)i have to (practise) english more.（我不得不多加練習(xí)英語用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1、i can see leaves (blow) slightly when there is a (gently) wi