新人教版小學英語常用介詞用法總括

1、英語介詞用法總括1.in序號功能含義理解核心典型例句1表示時間在某段時間朝代、世紀、年、季、月、早、下午、晚上、過去 等不具體的、模糊的時間段。 in Tang dynasty; in the 19th century; in 1980;in this year; in spring; in a week; in a month; in the morning/afternoon；in July2表示位置在某個地方國家、區(qū)、省、市、區(qū)、太空、天空等  (自然意義上的地方)in China; in hubei; in Beijing; in the sky在某個場所

2、車、教室、超市等  (注意和at的區(qū)別，at一般用在：家、角、店、站、口等可能有和露天接觸的地方)in the train; in the classroom;甲處于乙中有全身在某種環(huán)境之中的含義。We are in the classroom;  They are sitting in the shade of a tree； 3表示將來在以后用在一般將來時中，是從“現(xiàn)在時間點往后.”They will come back in 10 days.4語言  單位  材料/關(guān)于“材料“，注意和with在這個

3、用法上的區(qū)別。(with偏向“工具”，in偏向“材料”)I wrote a novel in Russian；  5狀態(tài)  方面  服飾/狀態(tài)：既可以指人的狀態(tài)，也可指物的狀態(tài)； 方面：既可指具體，也可指抽象方面； 服飾：尤以顏色和狀態(tài)?？糎e wasnt in good health, so talk in low voice.  Our country in rich in natural resources; He is in red shoes today.2.on序號功能含義理解核心典型例句1表

4、示時間在某天或一天內(nèi)的某個時間段具體的某一天or某日的早、中、晚。（時間前有定語修飾特指）on Sunday(Mon.Tues);on May 12th 1998;on the night of Oct.29th;on Wed.morning; on a cold night; on Childrens Day (核心提示：所有的陽歷節(jié)日都是用on)2表示位置（具體）在上面與物體表面相接觸（注意與aboveover的區(qū)別）There are a lot of books on the shelf;  on the floor playgroundroadroofon the

5、 farm on the market(?？? on the face; on the head;（抽象）在上面收音機、電視、電話、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、手機、問題、紙張  （所有有形的，無形的“新聞媒體上”都是用on）on TV; on the radio; on the internet;on the phone在（邊）上左、右、兩邊on the left; on the right; on both sides; there is a hotel on the lake.3表示狀態(tài)處于狀態(tài)人或者物的目前狀態(tài);on duty; on show; on fire; on str

6、ike; on sale; on business; on schedule; on time; on the country；on scale; on sale4表示關(guān)系關(guān)于文章or論著  （高中階段掌握）on指專門論述（注意和about相區(qū)別）I want a book on South Africa.  He wrote an article on the importance of birth control.靠相當于depend on的含義The people in the south live on rice;  You

7、can't afford the expensive ring on an income of 1000 yuan a month; on foot5特定時間一就  （高中階段掌握）相當于as soon as+主語的含義on entering the room, he found his friends dancing；初中階段應(yīng)掌握  In的常見短語   介詞短語On the spot當場；立即；on the run在逃跑中；on the air在廣播中；on fire著火；on time準時；on duty值日；on st

8、rike罷工； on sale上市；on the country相反地；on schedule按時間表，準時; on business公事； on display在展出；on the one hand一方面；on the other hand另一方面； on ones way to在路上；on ones own=by oneself; on top of; and so on等等；on purpose故意，專門  特別注意：乘坐交通工具都用by,但on foot 步行；on horse騎馬；on donkey騎驢動詞短語bring on引起，導(dǎo)致；call on 

9、 號召，拜訪；decide on 決定;depend on依靠，取決于；get on上車；相處；進展; go on繼續(xù); get on with進展，相處； look on旁觀，觀望；look onas把看/當作;look down on看不起，輕視；pass on傳遞，傳交；hand on傳遞下去；put on  表演，上演；戴/穿上；假裝；take on 呈現(xiàn)，具有；流行；承擔，雇用；turn on打開（燈，氣，水，電器等）；work on  繼續(xù)工作, 鉆研（學問或技術(shù)）; carry on繼續(xù)開展，堅持; hold on 繼續(xù)

10、；(電話)不掛斷；抓牢，堅持;try on試穿。3.at序號功能含義理解核心典型例句1表示時間在時刻歲時in是時間段，at是時間點，相對更精確at noon; at night; at midnight; at dawn; at lunch; at breakfast; at supper; at  dinner; at the moment; at the same time; at once; at the beginning of;at the end  of; at the age of; at daybreak；at sunrise; at&#

11、160; sunset; at 7 oclockat（on） the weekend?？?表示地點在位置或場所家、腳、角、店、站、口、底、中心、核心at the foot of; at the corner of ; at the crossroads; at the gate of; at the bottom of; at the top of; at the center of; at a distance; at the edge of ;at home; at the barbars; at the airport; at the station; at 405 Victo

12、ry Road 3表示度速度以速度The car ran at 120miles an hour; At full speed溫度在度Water usually boils at 100° At 10 degrees centigrade價格按價格The pen was sold at a good price; at low cost4表示方向朝，向表示動作的方向aim at向.瞄準；shout at向.大喊；throw at向.扔；smile at向.微笑；rush at向.沖去;fire at向.開火5表示原因由于（高中階段掌握一般用在系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，對形容詞的原因進行說明I

13、60; was surprised at the news;  He  was discouraged at his failure6表示能力擅長于固定考點：be good at;be bad at;an  expert atHe  is good at drawing(at后接名詞或動名詞)初中階段應(yīng)掌握  In的常見短語   介詞短語at  first 首先，開始時；at last;at most;at least 至少；at all eve

14、nts 無論如何；at home 在家，無拘束；at a loss 不知怎辦；at any rate 不管怎樣；at length 詳細地；be at high tide 處于高潮期；at our invitation 應(yīng)我們的邀請；at our request 應(yīng)我們的請求；at the news 聽到這消息；at the risk of 冒危險；at a great expense 以巨大費用；at intervals of 每隔；at the sight of 一見到at the point of 接近，靠近；at the thought of 一想到；at the speed of 以

15、速度；at the cost (price) of 以為代價；at leisure 閑著、失業(yè)；at stake 在危險中、在成敗關(guān)頭；at bottom 實際上、本質(zhì)上；at short notice 一得到通知;at seeing us 看到我們；at the present stage 在現(xiàn)階段；at the weekend 周末；at all times 永遠；動詞短語call at訪問（某地）；come at襲擊，攻擊; get at意指，本意是；理解；到達; knock  at 敲打（門窗），敲擊; look at看; work at從事, 致力于, 鉆研; l

16、augh at嘲笑；glare at怒目而視； glance at匆匆一瞥；point at指向 4.about序號含義理解核心典型例句1關(guān)于、有關(guān)This is a book about how to study english2大約, 近于表示時間或數(shù)量I will be with you in about 3minutes; There are about 30students in the classroom.3到處，在周圍，附近相當于here and thereHe walked about the street.4What 

17、0;about?(習慣用語)about為介詞，所以后接動詞ing形式What about taking a break?動詞短語go about著手,四處走走;set about著手，開始;worry about為擔心; come about 發(fā)生;care about關(guān)心、在意; bring about引起，帶來,導(dǎo)致;knock about漫游；look  about四處看看，四處環(huán)顧；set about doing著手做，開始；turn about向后轉(zhuǎn)；think about考慮（是否去做）；argue about爭論; know about了解;hear

18、 about聽說;ask about詢問;chat about閑聊;quarrel about爭吵;speaktalk about談?wù)?complain about報怨5.above序號含義理解核心典型例句1高于，在之上表示位置、地位、年齡、價格、量(重、數(shù)、度)、音調(diào)等The  mountain is 2000meters above the sea level（位置）;  I know you're above me socially, but I must say you are rude man(職位)  The ol

19、d lady is above eighty（年齡）;  There are above forty girl students in the class（數(shù)量）;  Our private car weighs 1.8tons(重量)；  Any money earned over that level is taxed(度量)2非能力所及，超出能力、行為、品質(zhì)等The maths problem is above me;  Honest above everything else; 

20、0;He is above doing such things(他不至于做出那樣的事情來)介詞短語above all首先，最重要的是，最要緊的是；  He was above all a good and  tireless writer; above all, we must be health   6.across序號含義理解核心典型例句1橫過、穿過表示動作的方向He  swam across the river;  The  policeman helped the o

21、ld man walk across the street.2在對面，在那一邊表示位置上的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，在隔著的對面He  lives across the street;  Japan  lies across the pacific ocean常見短語Come across偶遇；get across橫穿馬路；能理解，被聽懂；run across偶遇，橫跨；  7.against序號含義理解核心典型例句1撞到、緊靠表示動作的方向，有靠、撞擊的意思I  have hit my head agains

22、t a wall;  She  stood with her back against the tree;  The  rain beat against the windows2反、逆、違背反對（贊成的反義）  逆方向;  違背（意愿等）Are  you for or against the plan?  There  were 20 votes for her and 12 against her; &

23、#160;He  is swimming against this current.  She  did it against her own will3以防（大學階段掌握此用法）They  saved money against old age.4表示陪襯(高中階段掌握此用法)The  red flag is fluttering against the blue sky;  His  red clothes stook out clearly agai

24、nst the snow.常見短語Go against違反、違背、反對；stand against反對，不支持；turn against（轉(zhuǎn)而）反對，背叛；run against違反，偶然遇到；fight against與斗爭；   over against正對著，在對面  （fe: he lived over against the school）  8.after序號含義理解核心典型例句1（時間、順序、位置）在之后表時間時，后面跟的是個時間點After breakfast he ordered a taxi.  

25、;After you,please.  2探求、追求、追尋、找與be動詞或其它動詞合用時，有此含義A police is running after a thief; He is after a job at our place;    3按照、仿照、依照、效仿相當于according to的含義Make sentence after the example  They named the building after the scientist.4由于，盡管高級用法，高中階段掌握After all hi

26、s efforts, John has failed.常見短語介詞短語day after day日復(fù)一日；year after year年復(fù)一年；one after another一個接一個地，相繼；after a little/moment/while過了一會；after all畢竟，終究；動詞短語Look after照顧，照看；    9.along序號含義理解核心典型例句1順著，沿著表具體：沿著具體物體的邊緣We walked along the street.2順著，沿著表抽象：沿著抽象事物的方向發(fā)展  （該用法為along的副詞用法）My li

27、fe is going along nicely常見短語1.along with與一起(The baby's mother escaped from the fire along with two other children)；  2.all along一直（I've  been fooling myself all along）  3.bring along把帶來，領(lǐng)來;使發(fā)展（Did you bring along some books?）  4. come along 

28、 出現(xiàn)；沿著過來；加油；進展  5. get on / along （with.）進展；相處10.among序號含義理解核心典型例句1在之中；在.中間表具體：三者或者三者以上之中I found him among the crowd  Please  divide the cake among you four表抽象Most important among the countrys problems is the lack of health facilities.2之一相當于one of的功能Einstein is amo

29、ng the greatest scientists備注-among 與between的區(qū)別：三者與兩者之間的區(qū)別。但在下列情況，between 可用于三者：(1) 當兩個以上的人或物用  and 連接時：between A, B and C 在 A、B、C 之間；(2) 涉及事物之間的區(qū)別或各國之間的關(guān)系時：the difference between the  three of them 他們?nèi)咧g的區(qū)別the relations between various  countries 各國之間的關(guān)系；(3) 表示“由于合作的結(jié)果

30、”時：Between them they landed the fish. 他們協(xié)力把魚拖上了岸。(4) 在 divide,  share 等表示“分享”之類的動詞之后，若接一個表示三者或三者以上的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，用 among between 均可：He divided his money among between his  five sons. 他把錢分給了5個兒子。11.as序號含義理解核心典型例句1作為，當作注意和as for的區(qū)別  (as for為至于，關(guān)于)Dont treat me as a child;

31、60; I speak now as a friend,not as a teacher. As for me, I dont mind going there by train;2當時候，在同時as當“連詞”時的用法The  play started as I got there;  As I was a child,I liked singing very much3正如，就像As you can see,we are still working.因為，由于We have a very wonderf

32、ul TV, but we hardly watch it as we have so much housework to do.注1. As.as 像.一樣 （the little girl over there looks as beautiful as my daughter）2. as long as只要(fe: As long as you can keep away  from them, you're safe)  3.as a matter of fact adv. 事實

33、上（fe: I'm leaving for Beijing  tomorrow, as a matter of fact.）  4. as a whole adv. 總體上(fe: We must consider these matters  as a whole)  5. as far as adv. 遠到， 直到， 至于(  6.as if 好象似的 仿佛一樣  7. as well as adv. 也，又  8.as well 也 （fe:

34、 Water is colourless, air as  well）  9. not so much.as. 與其說.不如說是.(fe: He is  not so much a writer as a reporter)  10. such as 像， 例如；譬如；諸如（fe: Many basic foodstuffs, such as  bread and milk, are tax-free）  11. look on.as 把.看作.12.&#

35、160;  before序號含義理解核心典型例句1在以前；  在前面；  在之前表示時間We have to finish the work before 10 oclock.  He made a speech before a lot of audience.He arrived before me.表示位置表示順序2以前，以往（此時Before做副詞）She had never been to Italy before3在以前（此時before做連詞）I want to think it over before I d

36、ecide about it常用短語1. before long 不久； I hope to see you again before long 2. long before很久以前  We've seen that film long before13.behind序號含義理解核心典型例句1比晚；遲于表示時間Your  ideas are behind the times;  He  arrived ten minutes behind time.2在后面表示位置He  hide hi

37、mself behind the tree.  There  is someone behind you.3落后于，低于，不如表抽象：表示力量、能力等I  am far behind you in English  Johns  behind the rest of the class in reading.4支持；作為的后盾此時相當于support的作用He  had his mother behind him.常用短語1.behind  schedul

38、e 不準時  2.behind  the times 過時的  3.behind  the curtain 在幕后  4.far  behind 在后面很遠，把遠遠的甩在身后  5.left  behind 遺留，留下（被動語句中更常用）14.below序號含義理解核心典型例句1在以下具體：表示位置  （below含某個水平線或水平面以下的意思，而under是某個物體以下）Dont  write

39、your answer below this line;  Fish  were swimming below the surface of the water.2低于，在.以下表示年齡He  cant be below fifty.3表示能力、級別、價值、程度、數(shù)量等He  is below me in the class;  His  income is below the average income in the area；  During

40、0; the night,temperatures dropped below zero.15.beside序號含義理解核心典型例句1在旁邊；在.附近表具體位置：表示地點He  sat beside her all night;  I  want to buy a beautiful beside the river.2和相比引申用法(大學階段掌握)Beside  his ,my trouble is nothing;  My  work condition loo

41、ks poor beside hers短語Be beside oneself (with sth)  因而忘形，失去控制I was beside myself with joy.16.besides序號含義理解核心典型例句1除.以外（還有）注意和except的區(qū)別  （except 用來引出陳述中唯一不適用的事物、情形、人或想法，是從整體中除去；而besides只是特別強調(diào)而已）Besides  English ,we have to study math,Chinese and so on.  Besides&#

42、160; cancer, smoking can lead other diseases  She  is a nice girl except a bit ugly.   There  wasn't anything in the box except a few dirty clothes2另外，再說（此時當副詞）I  don't like that new dictionary, besides, it's too expensive17.between序

43、號含義理解核心典型例句1在之間（兩者）  (常和and常用)具體：表示時間、位置、數(shù)量The lunch hour is between 11 and  13pm;  Shanxi province is between henan  and gansu  The temperature is between 25  degree and 30 all week2抽象：表示比較、分配、關(guān)系、性質(zhì)等Whats the differencde between  

44、;women and man?  They shared the chocolate between  the two of them;  The relations between teachers and  students are excellent  My job is between a secretary and  a personal assistant.18.beyond序號含義理解核心典型例句1在的那邊；  在以外；表示具體位置：在某物體

45、的范圍之外The airport is 20miles beyond the  town;  What lies beyond the mountains?2超出，高于表示抽象的范圍、限度等This book is beyond me;  He is living beyond his income;  The beauty of West Lake ia beyond words;  The watch is damaged beyond repair3過了，比.晚，遲于表示時間He came home beyond the usual  time;19.but序號含義理解核心典型例句1除了.；除了.之外She has no choice but to cry.2常用短語Not onlybut also 不但而且He not only studies hard but also  works well；  Not