英語時態(tài)8種基本時態(tài)講解

1、英語8種基本時態(tài)講解 一概念：英語中表示不同時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動詞形式表示，這種不同的動詞形式稱為時態(tài)。 二種類：（基本時態(tài)） 一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時 現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時 一般將來時過去將來時 現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時1一般現(xiàn)在時： 句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語.（包括be動詞）賓語其他成分 當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞詞尾加-s或-es 1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)。 He has breakfast at 6:00every day. 2)表客觀現(xiàn)實和普遍真理。 The sun always rises in the east . 3)表永遠性的動作或狀態(tài)。 He lives i

2、n the country . 注意： 一般現(xiàn)在時通常與always , often , usually 等頻度副詞以及 every day , sometimes , once a week 等時間狀語連用。 I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening . They go home once a week . 第三人稱單數(shù)變化形式。 a)一般情況動詞在詞尾加-s . come-comes speak-speaks b)以o, s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的單詞在詞后加es. do-does go-goes finish-finishes fix-fixe

3、s pass-passes watch-watches c)以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的單詞變y為i加-es. Study-studies carry-carries d)以元音字母y結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-s. play-plays stay-stays 否定句和疑問句。 a)-He is an engineer. -He isnt an engineer. -Is he an engineer? -Yes, he is ./ No, he isnt. 否定句和疑問句。 b)-We get up at 7:30 in the morning . -We dont get up at 7:30 in the

4、morning . -Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ? -Yes, we do. / No, we dont. c)-He likes music. -He doesnt like music. -Does he like music? -Yes ,he does./ No, he doesnt . 2一般過去時 表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示過去的時間狀語如yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days.等連用。 I was a student 6years a

5、go. I went to Beijing last year. 句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語.過去時賓語其他成分 They saw a film last night . 否定句和疑問句。 a)-He was busy yesterday. -He wasnt busy. -Was he busy? -Yes, he was./ No, he wasnt. b)-He smoked last year. -He didnt smoke last year. -Did he smoke last year? -Yes ,he did ./No ,he didnt. c)-He joined the army

6、 in 1990. -He didnt joined the army in 1990. -Did he join the army in 1990? -Yes ,he did ./No ,he didnt. 4）動詞過去式變化規(guī)則。 a)一般情況下的詞加-ed. work-worked call-called b)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-d . live-lived change-changed smoke-smoked die-died graduate-graduated drive-drove c)以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i加-ed. study-studied car

7、ry-carried cry-cried try-tried d)以元音字母y結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-ed. play-played stay-stayed e)以元音輔音結(jié)尾的單詞應先雙寫這個輔音字母然后再加-ed. stop-stopped plan-planned pat-patted f)動詞不規(guī)則變化： do-did go-went come-came run-ran begin-began drink-drank keep-kept cut-cut set-set let-let 3一般將來時 表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來的時間狀語tomorrow, the day aft

8、er tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days等連用。 句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語will/shallV.原形（第一人稱用shall） I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow. They will have a meeting next week. -She will be 20 years old. be(am, is, are)going to+動詞原形 They are going to have a meeting next Sunday. be going to 和will的區(qū)別 be going to表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事

9、情，will 表示的將來時間則較遠一些。 He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one be going to含有“打算，準備”的意思，而will則沒有這個意思， She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. be about toV.原形（意為馬上做某事，在時間上指最近的將來） I am about to leave school. 不能與表示時間的副詞連用。 They are about to set out.() The

10、y are about to set out soon.()4過去將來時 過去將來時是立足于過去某時，從過去的觀點看將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。主要用于賓語從句中。 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+would/should / was/were going to +V.原形+ He said that he would have a meeting next week. They said we should leave school tomorrow. 5現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時間正在進行的動作。通常與now, at present 等時間狀語連用。 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be(am, is, are

11、)+ v-ing +其他成分 You are listening to me carefully now. She is writing a letter this year. Look! They are dancing. We are studying English at present . Its raining hard now. 6 .過去進行時 表示過去某一時刻或某階段時間正在進行的動作， 通常與 at 6:00 yesterday, at this/ that time yesterday, when 引導的時間狀語等連用。 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+be (was/were) +v-

12、ing +其他成分 It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday. They were building a reservoir at this time last winter. 7.現(xiàn)在完成時 表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。 Ive finished this work. He has ever been to Australia. 表示過去某時間已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)通常與下列時間狀語連用 up to now, in the past, recently, by , for 5 years, since 1994, so

13、 far, already, yet, ever, just 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+ have/has + P.P(動詞過去分詞) I have already read this book. Have you read? Yes, I have. No, I havent. What have you read? 過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化 do did done go went gone eat ate eaten come came come have had had see saw seen 注意 含有終止意義或暫短意義的動詞不能與 for, since 引導的一般時間狀語連用。（buy, beg

14、in, die, come, go , join, leave 等） I have had a book for 3 years. I have bought a book for 3 day. (wrong) He has been in the army for 3 years. He have joined the army for 3 years. (wrong) 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別： 1)現(xiàn)在完成時側(cè)重于對現(xiàn)在的影響；而一般過去時側(cè)重于某一動作發(fā)生在過去某個時間或某段時間。即現(xiàn)在完成時側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，而一般過去時側(cè)重于動作發(fā)生的時間。例如： I have seen the

15、 film. 我看過這部電影。(現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內(nèi)容) I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了這部電影。(強調(diào)是三天前,而不是別的什么時候看的電影) 8.過去完成時 表示動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或狀態(tài)， 強調(diào)“過去的過去”， 常與 by the time, by the end of,before , by 等引導時間的狀語連用。 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+ had + 動詞過去分詞 + 其他成分 When I got to the cinema yesterday the film had begun already. He had learned English before he came here. 2）時間狀語不同。 現(xiàn)在完成時常與alrea