方法十一(閱讀方法指導和針對性訓練)

1、方法+-:如何快速解答細節(jié)理解題技巧點撥細節(jié)理解題是閱讀理解屮最常見的題型，幾乎每篇閱讀文章屮至少設(shè)有一道或一道以上 的細節(jié)理解題。細節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對文章屮闡述主題的細節(jié)與具體事實的把握能力， 內(nèi)容涉及詢問事實、原因、結(jié)果、口的等。細節(jié)理解題一般只針對某-特定的細節(jié)，也可能涉及若干個細節(jié)，或針對文章的主要事 實，利用圖形圖表地圖來表達信息等，此類試題一般又分為兩類：一是直接事實題即在原文 小可直接找到答案，常見的類型有對號入座題、是非判斷題、語義轉(zhuǎn)換題、表格理解題等； 二是間接事實題即需要將題口信息與原文相關(guān)信息進行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者存在表達上的差 異，有時需要進行加工或整理后方能得岀結(jié)

2、論，常見的題型有邏輯排序題、數(shù)字計算題、圖 形識別題等。細節(jié)理解題的正確答案除了在原文屮直接找到z外，述有以下幾種情況：1、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。對原文句子小的關(guān)鍵詞進行替換。2、變換詞性或語態(tài)。改變原文屮的某詞的詞性或句子的語態(tài)。3、語言簡化。把原文屮的復雜語言現(xiàn)彖進行簡化。4、正話反說。把原文屮的意思反過來表達。細節(jié)理解題的干擾項有些也是以文章屮的某個細節(jié)來設(shè)題的，若不仔細辨別，很容易把 它當成正確選項。常見的類型有：1、2、3、4、5、無中生有。 意思相悖。 以偏概全。偷換概念。 文不對題。即選項內(nèi)容是根據(jù)主觀想象或推測得岀的結(jié)論，文屮沒有涉及。 即將原文屮的細節(jié)描述添加否定詞或替換關(guān)鍵詞，使得意

3、思相悖。 即把原文屮的限定詞去掉或替換，使得貌合神離。所述細節(jié)與原文基本一致，但偷換了主語，或時間、地點等。 所述細節(jié)確實與原文完全一致，但與問題風馬牛不相及，答非所問。細節(jié)理解題的幾個特點:1、命題特點：細節(jié)理解題主要是針對文屮某個細節(jié)、某句話或某部分具體內(nèi)容設(shè)置問題 的。?？疾閷W生對文章屮闡述主題的細節(jié)與具體事實的把握能力，內(nèi)容涉及詢問事實、原因、 結(jié)果和目的等。2、設(shè)題方式：常以who, what, when, where , why, how等疑問詞開頭提問文章的具體內(nèi)容。 常有數(shù)字計算題、細節(jié)排序題和圖表圖畫題等。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷下列齊旬正（t）、誤（f）。which of the

4、 following statements is (not)true/right? which of the following is not mentioned ?3、解題技巧：細節(jié)理解題幾乎都可以在文章小直接找到答案有關(guān)的信息，或是其變體。 解答這類題的技巧是“尋讀法”，即先讀問題，然后帶著問題快速誦讀短文，找岀與問題有 關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對相關(guān)部分進行分析對比，找岀答案。講透一題（2011年河南）when my son, mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to

5、 buy holiday presents. the third saturday in december mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket.i drove him to a nearby supermarket. mark picked up a hand basket and went in while i waited and watched in the car. it took mark over 45 minutes to choose his presents. finally

6、he came to the checkout counter (交款處)and reached into his pocket for his money .it was not there! there was a hole in his pocket, but no moncy. mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face.then a surprising thing happened a woman came up to mark and took him in her arms. "yo

7、u would help me a lot if you let me pay for you, ” said the woman “ it would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. i only ask that one day you will pass it on. when you grow up, i would likeyou to find someone you can help. when you help others, i know you will feel as good about it as i do

8、now. ”mark took the money, dried his tears and ran back to the checkout counter as fast as he could. that year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as mark enjoyed giving them to us.i would like to say “thank you” to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, mark went house to hou

9、se collecting blankets (毯 d and clothes for the homeless people in the fair. and i want to promise her that mark will never forget to keep passing it on.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案，并將其標號填入題前括號內(nèi)。()46. when did the story probably happen?a. on christmas day.b. before christmas day.c. on new year" s day.d. after

10、new year" s day.()47. when they got to the supermarket, mark went ina. with the writer b. by himself c. with the woman d. with his friends()4& what happened to mark in the supermarket?a. his gifts were stolen.b. he broke his basket.c. he lost his money.d. he lost his way.【答案解析】46. bo細節(jié)理解題。從

11、文章中的第一段可知，這個故事很可能發(fā)生在圣誕節(jié)前。47. b.細節(jié)理解題。由第二段的第二句可排除選項a,c,d,故答案為bo48. c.細節(jié)理解題。從第二段后面的倒數(shù)第二句可直接判斷答案為b?！拘⌒「[門】解答細節(jié)理解題的具體方法與步驟：1、排除干擾項，突出主題。事實細節(jié)題的干擾項一般都是某一細節(jié)的錯誤敘述與論斷， 可先排除干擾項。作為命題內(nèi)容的細節(jié)一般總是短文的要點和主要論據(jù)。因此止確的選項往 往與短文的主題密切相關(guān)。2、按文章的體裁，作者寫作的組織模式及有關(guān)的信息詞(如for example , first , second .等)預測應(yīng)該到何處尋找口己所需要的事實。3、將口己精力放在尋找你

12、所需要的細節(jié)上，快速通篇跳讀，尤其是各段段首尾句，眼睛 口左向右，口上而下呈z字形掃視，直到找到細節(jié)出處，待找到含細節(jié)句了時，放慢速度， 仔細核對比較內(nèi)容，直至找到答案。4、注意識別指代詞語。為避免重復，文章中對多次提及的事物或現(xiàn)象會使用不同的詞語, 如同義詞、近義詞、代詞等?？倆,遇到細節(jié)理解題時，應(yīng)快速略讀短文，盡快找到與問題 和關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞或語句，由此甄別選項，排除干擾項，確定止確答案。極速體驗2009吉林】many years ago my grandfather benjamin brown, traveled on a ship. the first evening at dinne

13、r a frenchman sat down next to my grandfather. before he sat down , the frenchman looked at my grandfather and said , m bon appetit. m my grandfather stood up and said , n ben brown.1*the same thing happened the next evening and the one after that. an englishman on the ship could speak french. my gr

14、andfather said to him , n i don't understand the man who has dinner with me. every evening he comes to dinner and introduces himself. n the englishman asked my grandfather some more questions. soon he understood my grandfathers mistake. he explained to my grandfather that nbon appetit. "was

15、 not the man's name,but was french for henjoy your meal.”the next evening my grandfather came to dinner after the frenchman. my grandfather smiled and said in french , n bon appetit.the frenchman stood up and replied , n ben brown. ”根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇止確答案。（5分）81. how did my grandfather travel many years

16、ago?a. by train.b. by plane.c. on a bus.d. on a ship.82. what did my grandfather say when the frenchman said” bon app6titn ?a. good evening. b bon appetit.c. ben brown.d. enjoy yourself.83. who helped ben brown understand the frenchman1 s words?a. the waiter.b an englishman.c. ben brown himself.d. n

17、obody.84. what doeshbon appetit. nmean in english?a. enjoy your meatb what's your name?c. good evening.d how are you?85. how many people were there in the story?a. two.b. three.c. five.d. six.同學們，請按照前面講解的：先讀問題一瀏覽全文一尋找答案方法快速完成下面的填空式體 驗，檢驗一下你的學習成果吧?！倔w驗1】先讀問題，理解考查內(nèi)容。要求：第81題是范例，請據(jù)此寫出第82-85題的問題。81. （

18、考查wh-question中的how）我爺爺是乘坐什么交通工只旅行的？82. （考查 wh-question 中 的 what） 83. （考查 wh-question 中的 who） 84. （考查 wh-question 中的 what） 85. （考查綜合判斷能力） "【體驗2】瀏覽全文，捕捉相關(guān)詞句。要求：根據(jù)問題中考查的內(nèi)容，在文中快速找到相關(guān)信息的詞句。第一段是范例，請寫出后 面兩段的關(guān)鍵信息。第一段：.my grandfather benjamin brown, traveled on a ship .the frenchman .said , “bon appetit

19、.my grandfather .said, "ben brown.第二段：第三段：舉一反三passage 1題材體裁難度字數(shù)題數(shù)閱讀時間止確率日記應(yīng)用文24524分釗|you don't have much time for you diary , but you really want to remember your best or worst moments in life. nine square dairy （九宮格日記）is coming to help you . this new type of diary hasnine squares which rep

20、resent nine different areas in life, such as plans, feelings and health . writing this diary is just like filling blanks . it is so convenient that you can finish it only a few minutes .here is a page of nine square diary firom robinson , a high school student.happy thingswent to my friends birthday

21、 party enjoyed myself helping othershelped my cousin to get ready for the singing competition that she will take part in next weekplanmake a poster for the coming school art festival .progresswent to the market with my mom and learned how to select tomatoes .june 12,2011 sunday finefeelingmom and da

22、d told me about their jobs glad they don't treat me as a little kid any more-newschina is planning to build its own space station the government wants advice from the public healthfelt a little tired maybe because of too much schoolwork dreamheld a meeting with our headmaster to discuss whether

23、we should rule our school by ourselves .1. robinson went to birthday party on sunday a.his dactsb.his cousin，sc.his friend's2. robinson felt when his parents talked with him about their jobs a.busyb.gladc.tiredpassage 2題材體裁難度字數(shù)題數(shù)閱讀時間正確率消除后顧z憂應(yīng)用文25524分釗|everyone worries. but how do you deal with

24、your worries ? whether you worries are big or small, you can take these steps to deal with your worries .1. try to find out what you5re worried about.sometimes、you will know what you're worried about. other times , you might not. try to find it out first; if you can't, you can ask for help .

25、2. think of ways to make it better .there is always something you can do to help you feel less worried sitting there worrying is no fun and it wont solve your problem .grades at school are often top worries for kids . if you're worried about grades，ask yourself these questions : why are grades i

26、mportant ? what do grades mean to me ? how do i get ready for class ? do i go over my notes even when there isrft a test ? do i have a good place to do my homework ? have i tried different ways of studying ?if your worry is about a flight you had with a friend , you might write down all the things y

27、ou could do :write a note to him or her , invite him or her to a basketball game , say sorry to him or her , etc. once you have a list of things you could do , you can choose the one that gets your friend back 3. ask for help when you5re worried、it can help to find someone to talk to - you can ask y

28、our parents , friends、or teachers for help .3. how many steps of dealing with your worries are mentioned in the passage ?a. two b. three c. four d. seven4. if you5re worried about grades , you can ask yourself these questions except “a. why are grades important ? b. what do grades mean to me ?c. how

29、 do i get ready for class ? d. why don't my friends like me ? passage 3題材體裁難度字數(shù)題數(shù)閱讀時間正確率技術(shù)比錢有用記敘文 30125分鐘the hardworking blacksmith jones used to work all day in his ship . the son of mr. smith , a rich neighbor, used to come to see the blacksmith every day and for hours and hours he would enjoy

30、 himself watching how tradesman worked“young man , why don't you try your hand to learn to make shoe tacks , even if it is only to pass the time ?said the blacksmith "who knows，one day, it may be of use to you tthe lazy boy began to see what he could do. but after a little practice he found

31、 that he was becoming very skilled and soon he could make some of the finest tacks .old mr. smith died and the son lost all his things because of the war he had to leave home and began to live a simple life in a small village in another country . in the village there were a lot of shoemakers who was

32、 spending a lot of money buying tacks for their shoes，and sometimes even when they paid high prices , they were not always able to get what they wanted , because in that part of the country soldiers'shoes were in great need our young mr. smith , who was finding it difficult to make money , remem

33、bered he had learned the art of making tacks and had the idea of making a bargain with the shoemakers he told them that he would make the long , young mr. smith made the finest tacks in the village “how funny it seems , mhe used to say , "even making tacks can make my life better . my skill is

34、more useful to me than all the riches that fve had before5. young mr. smith was jones5 a.sonb.boss c> fatherd.neighbor6. what is the right order of the events ?a. young mr. smith became a tack maker in the village b. young smith learned the art of making tacks from jones .c. soldiers' shoes w

35、ere in great need during the war.d. young smith had to move to another country ab-d-q-c b.dabc c.bdca d.dcabpassage 4題材體裁難度字數(shù)題數(shù)閱讀時間正確率人物傳記記敘文 30657分鐘frankenstein is one of the worlct s most famous horror stories . if s about a doctor who creates a new man from the body parts of dead people and bring

36、s it to life but the experiment goes wrong and the monster kills the doctor and many others . the story has been read by millions since it was first published and in the last hundred years it has been make into dozens of movies . many people are surprised to learn its writer was a 19year-old woman ,

37、 called mary shelley mary was bom into a rich london family in august 1797. she was educated by her parents and when she was 13 she decided to become a writer in 1812, she met the famous writer percy shelley and they soon got married sadly for mary , their first child died soon after birth in italy

38、. in her diary , mary wrote about a dream : "i dreamt that my little baby came to life again that it had only been cold and that we rubbed it before the fire and it lived 丁in 1816, percy shelley and 19-year-old mary visited the poet lord byron at his home in switzerland . because of the bad wea

39、ther they stayed indoors reading horror stories . one night, byron asked everyone to write their own story . mary thought of her dream and wrote the story frankenstein .frankenstein was published when mary was 21, and became a huge success . many people didnt think a 19year-old woman could write so

40、well and believed her husband was the real writer .although famous , shelley's life was full of sadness only one of her four children lived and in 1822 her husband died in a swimming accident mary was broken-hearted and decided not to marry again . she devoted herself to her child and continued to write until her death in 1851.7. w