管帶式散熱器的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯

1、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)有關(guān)外文翻譯院 系： 機(jī)械工程學(xué)院 專(zhuān) 業(yè)： 11接本（2）班 姓 名： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 104611252077 指導(dǎo)教師： 完成時(shí)間： 2013年 05 月1日 1 緒論1.1選題的背景及意義 隨著汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速和功率的不斷提高，熱負(fù)荷也愈來(lái)愈大，對(duì)冷卻系統(tǒng)的要求也越來(lái)越高，人們對(duì)包括散熱器在內(nèi)的冷卻系統(tǒng)的研究愈加重視，新技術(shù)、新材料不斷涌現(xiàn)。汽車(chē)鋁散熱器產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)勢(shì)體現(xiàn)在輕量化、可靠性高、價(jià)格低以及生產(chǎn)環(huán)保，整車(chē)廠采用鋁水箱替代原有銅水箱是汽車(chē)散熱器技術(shù)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。目前，汽車(chē)散熱器正朝著輕型、高效、經(jīng)濟(jì)的方向發(fā)展，國(guó)內(nèi)乘用車(chē)產(chǎn)品90%以上采用的是鋁散熱器，在商用車(chē)上的使用近年

2、也陸續(xù)采用并有擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì)。因此如何提高散熱器的傳熱效能是一個(gè)綜合性的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益問(wèn)題，應(yīng)通過(guò)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較后確定。在提高散熱器的散熱效率的情況下同時(shí)考慮降低散熱器的散熱阻力，合理選擇使用板片材質(zhì)和橡膠密封墊材質(zhì)，使用正確的安裝方法，才可保證設(shè)備安全運(yùn)行，延長(zhǎng)設(shè)備的使用壽命。通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)的模擬，可以使管帶式熱器性能更為優(yōu)越，結(jié)構(gòu)更加合理，經(jīng)濟(jì)性更強(qiáng)。另一方面，現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)技的快速發(fā)展和進(jìn)步也為管帶式散熱器的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供了強(qiáng)大的技術(shù)支持，所以管帶式散熱器的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)于現(xiàn)代諸多工業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展有著深遠(yuǎn)的意義。 1 introduction1.1 background and significance topi

3、cs power continues to increase, more and more large heat load on the cooling system requirements are also increasing , people including the radiator cooling system pay more attention to research , new technologies , new materials emerging. the advantages of automotive aluminum radiator products is r

4、eflected in the lightweight , high reliability , low prices and the production of environmentally friendly vehicle plant to replace the original copper- aluminum radiator auto radiator tank is the inevitable trend of technological development . currently, the auto radiator is moving light , efficien

5、t and economic direction, more than 90% of domestic passenger car is aluminum radiator, in recent years, the use of commercial vehicles have gradually adopted and is growing . therefore, how to improve the heat transfer performance of the heat sink is a comprehensive economic issues , through techni

6、cal and economic comparison ok. improve the efficiency of the heat sink in the case of taking lower radiator cooling resistance , a reasonable choice to use plate material and rubber gasket material, using the correct installation method can ensure the safe operation of equipment , extend equipment

7、life . through computer simulation, you can heat the pipe band performance is more superior, more rational structure , economy stronger .on the other hand , the rapid development of modern computer technology and progress but also for the optimization of the radiator pipe belt design provides a stro

8、ng technical support, so pipe radiator with the optimal design for the modern sustainable industrial development has a number of far-reaching significance .1.2車(chē)用散熱器的分類(lèi) 能滿足某種規(guī)定工藝的要求使得熱量從熱流體到冷流體傳遞的裝置被稱(chēng)為換熱器。換熱器的分類(lèi)方法有很多，最基本的是按照工作原理來(lái)分：通?？煞譃榛?zé)崾?、混合式和間壁式三大類(lèi)?；?zé)崾綋Q熱器多用于空氣預(yù)熱。一般是將金屬和磚類(lèi)物體做成流道，熱流體和冷流體交替地流過(guò)同一個(gè)通道，并盡

9、量避免混合。在混合式換熱器中全部流體均勻地處于同溫同壓下離開(kāi)換熱器。這種換熱器雖然換熱效率高，但因兩種流體的相互混合，故其在應(yīng)用上受到一定的限制。間壁式換熱器中，高溫流體和低溫流體由壁面間隔分別位于壁面的兩側(cè)，熱量通過(guò)壁面進(jìn)行傳遞。1.2 classification of car radiatorto meet the requirements of a process that provides the heat from the hot fluid to the cold fluid transfer device is called the heat exchanger. classi

10、fication of heat exchangers there are many ways , the most basic working principle is based on points : usually divided into a heat recovery , hybrid and partitioned three categories. recuperative heat exchanger used for air preheating . generally is made of metal and brick -like object flow channel

11、 , alternately hot and cold fluids flow through the same channel , and try to avoid mixing .in a hybrid heat exchanger fluid evenly in all the same temperature and pressure leaving the heat exchanger . while this heat exchanger efficiency is high, but the two fluids are mixed , so its application su

12、bject to certain restrictions . recuperative heat exchanger , the high temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid between the wall surfaces are located on both sides of the wall , the heat transfer through the wall surface .1.3 車(chē)用散熱器的性能評(píng)價(jià)在符合各方面工況要求的前提下，人們?nèi)匀恍枰胶馍崞骷夹g(shù)上的先進(jìn)性和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的合理性，即所謂的散熱器性能評(píng)價(jià)問(wèn)題，以

13、便更好地確定和比較散熱器的完善程度。廣義地說(shuō)，散熱器的性能含義很廣，有阻力性能、傳熱性能、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、機(jī)械性能等。用一個(gè)或多個(gè)指標(biāo)從一個(gè)方面或幾個(gè)方面來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)換熱器的性能問(wèn)題一直是專(zhuān)家長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)所探索的問(wèn)題，目前尚在研究改進(jìn)中。1.3 performance evaluation of car radiatorall aspects of working conditions in line with requirements under the premise that people still need to balance the radiator technically advanced an

14、d economically reasonable, the so-called heat sink performance evaluation in order to better determine and compare the degree of perfection of the radiator . broadly speaking , the performance implications of the radiator is very broad, there is resistance properties, heat transfer performance , eco

15、nomy and mechanical properties. with one or more indicators from one aspect or aspects to evaluate the performance of the heat exchanger has been the expert 's long exploration of the problem , which is still under study improvements .1.4 汽車(chē)散熱器概述 汽車(chē)散熱器屬于間壁式換熱器，其中散熱水管一般為橢圓管或扁管，外側(cè)布置有多層翅片以強(qiáng)化與冷空氣側(cè)的傳

16、熱。通常，汽車(chē)散熱器由主片、芯體、封條等零件通過(guò)釬焊工藝焊接而成，它的結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、輕巧、薄壁及傳熱強(qiáng)度高。根據(jù)芯體中翅片排列方式分，汽車(chē)散熱器主要分為管帶式和管片式兩種.1.4 overview of auto radiator auto radiator belong recuperative heat exchanger , where heat pipes is generally oval tube or flat tubes, finned outer layers are arranged in order to strengthen the cold side of the hea

17、t transfer . typically , car radiator from the main piece , core body, seals and other parts welded together by brazing process , it is compact, lightweight , thin-walled and heat transfer and high strength. according to the core body fin arrangement points, automotive radiator divided into tube and

18、 tube sheet with two kinds ,2汽車(chē)散熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)2.1 散熱管咬口焊接制造水管是在聯(lián)合制管機(jī)上能夠以710個(gè)工序滾壓成型，通過(guò)710組特殊的導(dǎo)板和滾輪逐漸的彎曲成型，在成型的最后過(guò)程中，帶料差不多卷成圓形時(shí)，再繼續(xù)前行，帶料將碰到一個(gè)圓定不動(dòng)的扁型斷面芯板,芯板斷面的形狀、尺寸和欲制造的管子內(nèi)部形狀相同，然后連續(xù)的進(jìn)行焊接，進(jìn)入釬焊爐，將咬口部位和外表面同時(shí)鍍錫，冷卻后，用幾組校直滾輪矯正端面形狀,扭曲度等,然后按所需的長(zhǎng)度自動(dòng)切斷。聯(lián)合制管機(jī)一般2426m/s。2. 2散熱帶散熱帶上開(kāi)有擾動(dòng)氣流的類(lèi)似百葉窗的孔，以破壞流動(dòng)空氣在散熱帶表面上的附著層，提高散熱能力。

19、由波紋狀散熱帶和冷卻管相間排列經(jīng)焊接而成所組成的散熱器為管帶式散熱器。2 car radiator design2.1 heat pipemanufacture of pipes welded seams in the united pipe machine capable of 7 to 10 roll forming process by 7 to 10 special set of guides and rollers gradually bending in the final molding process, almost rolled into a circular strip ,

20、 and then move on a circle with a given material will encounter immovable flat -section core , core cross-section shape, size and shape of the inside of the pipe for manufacturing the same , and a continuous welding , brazing furnace into , the seams at the same time parts of tin and an outer surfac

21、e , after cooling , straightening rollers with several groups face shape correction , distortion degree , and then cut off the desired length . joint pipe machine generally 24 26m / s.2.2 thermal tape cooling air disturbance opened to bring the louver -like holes to destroy the flowing air to the he

22、at adhesive layer on the belt surface , to improve heat dissipation . by the corrugated fins and cooling with alternating warp composed of welded pipe radiator with radiator .2.3主片及上下水室散熱器的主片及水室的構(gòu)造均以工藝簡(jiǎn)便，節(jié)約材料，易于釬焊和裝配，牢固可靠為前提。主片中的水管孔的排列要完全符合散熱片中水管的排列和數(shù)量，散熱器上水室一般高60100mm，容積應(yīng)該與水關(guān)的總?cè)莘e想適應(yīng)，并且要稍大于水管的總?cè)萘?，同時(shí)

23、還要考慮發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水套的容量和進(jìn)水管的尺寸，另外還要便于安裝其他的附件，如進(jìn)水管，加水口，內(nèi)部隔板等。2.3 main piece upper and lower water chamber the main piece and radiator water chamber structure are simple process , saving material , brazing and easy to assemble, solid and reliable as a precondition. the film's main water pipe holes are arrang

24、ed to be in full compliance with heatsink arrangement and number of pipes , radiators sheung shui chamber generally high 60 100mm, the volume should be related to the total volume of water would adapt to , and slightly larger than the total capacity of water , but also consider the capacity of the e

25、ngine water jacket and the inlet pipe size , while also easy to install other accessories such as inlet pipe, plus intakes, internal partitions, etc. . 2.4 左右側(cè)板及裝機(jī)架 散熱器的固定框架是將散熱器固定在汽車(chē)上必須的部件，包括左右側(cè)板，型件，三角吊耳等。用來(lái)保證芯部剛度，并在起撒謊能夠安裝有關(guān)零件。左右側(cè)板是直接焊接在水室上的，底部托住下水室，并一起外沿焊接在上下水室上，型件和三角吊耳是用來(lái)安裝和固定散熱器總成。2.4 left and

26、right plates and installation frame radiator radiator fixed frame is to be fixed in the car components, including left and right side panels , u-shaped , triangle hanging ears and so on. used to ensure that the core stiffness , and in the relevant parts can be installed from the lie . left side is s

27、oldered directly to the water chamber on the bottom hold the water chamber and the outer edge welded together on the upper and lower water chamber , u-shaped pieces and triangular lug is used to install and secure the heat sink assembly.2.5散熱水管 大多數(shù)情況下，散熱器的進(jìn)出水管是由生鐵鑄造成的并以鉚釘，加強(qiáng)板和釬焊固定在水室上，為了增加強(qiáng)度，在很多散熱器的

28、結(jié)構(gòu)上，水管是穿過(guò)水室的，并在它相對(duì)的兩壁上加焊。散熱器的進(jìn)出水管通常是焊接在水室上的。散熱器的上部加水口平時(shí)常用蓋嚴(yán)密封住的，以防冷卻水濺出。但如果冷卻水中水蒸汽過(guò)多，將使冷卻系內(nèi)壓力過(guò)大，可能導(dǎo)致散熱器破裂。因此，必須在加水口處設(shè)置排除水蒸氣的通道泄氣軟管。2.5 cooling water in most cases, the radiator inlet and outlet pipe is caused by the health and cast-iron rivets, reinforcing plate and brazing fixed on the water chambe

29、r , in order to increase the strength of the structure in many radiator , plumbing is through the water chamber and in its two opposite walls plus welding . radiator inlet and outlet pipe is usually soldered on the water chamber . the upper part of the radiator filler neck usually used cap tightly s

30、ealed to prevent the cooling water spill. however, if too much water vapor in the cooling water , cooling the pressure will be too large, may result in rupture of the radiator . therefore, you must add water vapor at the outlet of the channel set exclusion - discouraged hoses.3 管帶式散熱管傳熱過(guò)程的理論分析 散熱管的傳

31、熱過(guò)程的分析，主要主要進(jìn)行的分析計(jì)算如下，包括管帶式散熱管的傳熱計(jì)算；散熱面積的計(jì)算；當(dāng)量直徑的計(jì)算；對(duì)數(shù)平均溫差t m；傳熱系數(shù)k；水側(cè)換熱系數(shù)hi3 cooling tube with theoretical analysis of heat transfer process heat pipe heat transfer analysis of the process , mainly for the analysis of the main calculated as follows , including the tube -type heat pipe with heat tran

32、sfer calculation ; cooling area calculations ; equivalent diameter is calculated ; logarithmic mean temperature difference tm; heat transfer coefficient k; water side heat transfer coefficient hi4提高散熱器散熱性能的有效途徑根據(jù)傳熱方程式可以看出來(lái)，要增加熱量，無(wú)論是增加，還是，都能起到一定的效果。工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中大都從這些方面考慮強(qiáng)化散熱器的傳熱。所以提高散熱器的散熱性能的途徑有：改善傳熱系數(shù)k

33、；增加對(duì)數(shù)平均溫差；擴(kuò)大傳熱面積f；減少散熱器重量4 radiator cooling performance improve effective way according to the heat transfer equation can be seen to increase the heat , whether it is increased , or , can play a certain effect . industrial design and production practice mostly from these considerations strengthen th

34、e radiator heat . therefore, to improve the performance of the heat sink through: improving the heat transfer coefficient k; increase the logarithmic mean temperature difference ; enlarged heat transfer area f; reduce heat sink weight5 管帶數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立 人們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)散熱器時(shí)所追求的目標(biāo)是：根據(jù)冷卻系統(tǒng)的要求，在給定空間容積的條件下求得最大的散熱量，同時(shí)又獲得盡量

35、小的壓降；或者是在q和p值一定的前提下，使散熱器所消耗的材料最省。因此，這是一個(gè)多目標(biāo)的優(yōu)化問(wèn)題。優(yōu)化問(wèn)題的三個(gè)條件主要是優(yōu)化變量的選取，約束條件設(shè)定，目標(biāo)函數(shù)的設(shè)置。5 with a mathematical model people in the design of the radiator when the goal is: according to the requirements of the cooling system in a given volume of space obtained under the conditions of the maximum amount of

36、 heat while to get as small pressure drop ; or q and p values in certain under the premise of the radiator materials consumed most provinces . therefore, this is a multi-objective optimization problem .the three main criteria optimization problem is to optimize the selection of variables , constrain

37、ts set , the objective function is set .6 基于matlab優(yōu)化工具箱實(shí)現(xiàn)散熱管數(shù)學(xué)模型的求解matlab軟件的優(yōu)點(diǎn)包含：1、友好的工作平臺(tái)和編程環(huán)境。 2、簡(jiǎn)單易用的編程語(yǔ)言3、強(qiáng)大的科學(xué)計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)處理能力4、出色的圖形處理功能5、應(yīng)用廣泛的模塊集合工具箱優(yōu)化方法的設(shè)定。優(yōu)化方法是利用matlab的優(yōu)化工具箱，可以求解線性規(guī)劃、非線性規(guī)劃和多目標(biāo)規(guī)劃問(wèn)題。具體而言，包括線性、非線性最小化、最大最小化、二次規(guī)劃、線性與非線性的最小二乘解等問(wèn)題。另外，該工具箱還提供了線性、非線性最小化，方程求解，曲線擬合，二次規(guī)劃等問(wèn)題中大型課題的求解方法，為優(yōu)化方法在工程

38、中的實(shí)際應(yīng)用提供了更方便、快捷的途徑。優(yōu)化的散熱器屬于非線性多變量約束優(yōu)化問(wèn)題，在matlab中，采用fmincon優(yōu)化工具箱中的“active set”算法。計(jì)算的結(jié)果表明，采用優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)具有以下有點(diǎn)：(1)大大節(jié)省了設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間，提高了工作效率；工廠設(shè)計(jì)一臺(tái)散熱器往往是先憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)，制出樣機(jī)，然后用試驗(yàn)方法驗(yàn)證樣機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的合理性(若試驗(yàn)結(jié)果不理想，再重新修改設(shè)計(jì)方案)。(2)散熱面積與原方案相比，優(yōu)化方案可增加1.6%-1.72%。壓降特性與原方案相比，優(yōu)化方案減少6.38%-6.5%。單個(gè)散熱管的質(zhì)量相比，優(yōu)化方案減少1.52%-1.55%。6 based on matlab optimizat

39、ion toolbox to achieve mathematical models for solving the heat pipematlab software advantages include :1 , friendly platform and programming environment.2 , easy to use programming language3 , a powerful data processing capabilities scientific computing4 , excellent graphics capabilities5 , widely

40、used collection of modules toolbox setting optimization method .optimization method is to use matlab optimization toolbox, you can solve linear programming, nonlinear programming and multi- objective programming . specifically, including linear , nonlinear minimize, minimize, maximize , quadratic pr

41、ogramming , linear and non-linear least squares solution of other issues. in addition, the toolkit also provides a linear , nonlinear minimization , equation solving , curve fitting , quadratic programming problems in the method for solving large-scale project for the optimization method in the prac

42、tical application of engineering to provide a more convenient and efficient pathway . optimized non-linear multi-variable radiator constrained optimization problems, in matlab , using fmincon optimization toolbox "active set" algorithms. calculation results show that the optimal design has

43、 the following advantages: ( 1 ) significant savings in design time , improve work efficiency ; factory to design a heat sink design is often the first rule of thumb , a system prototype, and then with the test method to verify the reasonableness of the prototype design ( if the test results are not

44、 satisfactory, and then re- modify the design ) . ( 2 ) cooling area with the original schemes, optimization program to increase 1.6% -1.72% . pressure drop characteristics compared with the original plan and optimize programs to reduce the 6.38% -6.5 % . compared to a single heat pipe quality , opt

45、imizing programs to reduce the 1.52% -1.55 % .總結(jié)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中最重要的一門(mén)科目，它要求我們把大學(xué)里學(xué)到的所有知識(shí)系統(tǒng)的聯(lián)系起來(lái)，進(jìn)行理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的總體考慮。同時(shí)也培養(yǎng)了自學(xué)與創(chuàng)新能力。因此本次設(shè)計(jì)綜合性和實(shí)踐性強(qiáng)、涉及知識(shí)面廣。所以在設(shè)計(jì)中既了解了基本概念、基本理論，又注意了生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐的需要，將各種理論與生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐相結(jié)合，來(lái)完成本次設(shè)計(jì)。我選擇的車(chē)用散熱器的優(yōu)化與設(shè)計(jì)的課題，主要介紹了汽車(chē)散熱器的結(jié)構(gòu)特性和功能特性，理論論述了散熱器的傳熱過(guò)程和壓降特性，提高散熱器性能的有效途徑和散熱器優(yōu)化方法的選擇。在計(jì)算機(jī)中建立數(shù)學(xué)模型的方法來(lái)研究散熱器的特

46、性，將會(huì)對(duì)散熱器的性能測(cè)試、結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、產(chǎn)品選型以及新產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)等起到指導(dǎo)或輔助作用，從而可避免常規(guī)試驗(yàn)分析方法周期長(zhǎng)和費(fèi)用高的問(wèn)題。運(yùn)用工程軟件matlab優(yōu)化工具箱，不僅算法可靠，而且無(wú)需大量的編程程序，大大減少了計(jì)算工作量，提高了工作效率，是一種行之有效的工作方法?？梢约忍岣吡斯ぷ餍剩直苊饬速Y源浪費(fèi)。summary university graduation design is the most important one subject , which requires us to all the knowledge learned in university systems lin

47、king theory with practice for general considerations . but also cultivate self-learning and innovation. therefore, this design comprehensive and practical and involves extensive knowledge . therefore, in the design of both the understanding of the basic concepts and theories , but also pay attention

48、 to the needs of the production practice , the various theories and production practice, to complete this design . i chose the car radiator optimization and design issues , mainly on the structural characteristics of automobile radiators and functional characteristics , the theory discusses the radi

49、ator heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of an effective way to improve the performance of the radiator and cooling optimization method of choice . a mathematical model in the computer methods to study the characteristics of the radiator , the radiator will be on performance testing , st

50、ructural optimization , product selection and development of new products play a guiding or supporting role, thereby avoiding routine test methods cycle length, and cost is high. the use of engineering software matlab optimization toolbox , not only algorithms and reliable, and without a lot of prog

51、ramming procedures , greatly reducing the computational workload, improve work efficiency, is an effective way of working. can only improve the work efficiency, but also to avoid the waste of resources .參考文獻(xiàn) 1楊友麟，曾廣安.我國(guó)化工節(jié)能潛力與對(duì)策.大連:全國(guó)第七屆熱力學(xué)分析與節(jié)能學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告會(huì)論文【r.1994.8 2弗拉克·p·英克魯佩勒.傳熱學(xué)的基本原理m：安徽教育出版社，19893王正林. matlab最優(yōu)化計(jì)算m：電子工業(yè)出版社，2