專生本完型填空2012.4.8

1、1Cloze Test 完完 形形 填填 空空 2012.4. 82第一章第一章 概述：概述：一、完形測(cè)試的形成和發(fā)展一、完形測(cè)試的形成和發(fā)展 (cloze test) 是完形測(cè)試。根據(jù)心理學(xué)理論是完形測(cè)試。根據(jù)心理學(xué)理論:人們觀人們觀察物體形狀時(shí)察物體形狀時(shí),往往下意識(shí)地把不連貫的空缺的部分填往往下意識(shí)地把不連貫的空缺的部分填補(bǔ)上補(bǔ)上,然后把它看成一個(gè)完整的形狀。然后把它看成一個(gè)完整的形狀。 完形測(cè)試最初用于測(cè)試智商完形測(cè)試最初用于測(cè)試智商, 方法是方法是:讓受試看一讓受試看一些畫面不完整的圖畫些畫面不完整的圖畫,檢查他們能否根據(jù)常識(shí)和想象力檢查他們能否根據(jù)常識(shí)和想象力, 發(fā)現(xiàn)畫面的規(guī)律性特

2、點(diǎn)發(fā)現(xiàn)畫面的規(guī)律性特點(diǎn), 辨認(rèn)出畫面的內(nèi)容。辨認(rèn)出畫面的內(nèi)容。 完形測(cè)試被引入語(yǔ)言教學(xué)領(lǐng)域，它可以檢查結(jié)合完形測(cè)試被引入語(yǔ)言教學(xué)領(lǐng)域，它可以檢查結(jié)合背景知識(shí)理解全文主題大意和作者意圖的能力背景知識(shí)理解全文主題大意和作者意圖的能力, 根據(jù)根據(jù)上下文運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)猜測(cè)生詞詞義的能力上下文運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)猜測(cè)生詞詞義的能力, 以及全面以及全面駕馭語(yǔ)篇駕馭語(yǔ)篇,獲取信息的能力。獲取信息的能力。 3二、完形填空測(cè)試的形式二、完形填空測(cè)試的形式 完形填空一般第一句話不出現(xiàn)空白完形填空一般第一句話不出現(xiàn)空白,從第二句開(kāi)始從第二句開(kāi)始, 每每816個(gè)詞之間出現(xiàn)一處空白個(gè)詞之間出現(xiàn)一處空白,空白越多空白越多,難度越大

3、。難度越大。 完形填空一般有以下五種測(cè)試形式完形填空一般有以下五種測(cè)試形式: 1) 最初的測(cè)試方式是按固定比例來(lái)刪詞最初的測(cè)試方式是按固定比例來(lái)刪詞, 即在一篇文章即在一篇文章 中中, 每隔一定數(shù)量的單詞每隔一定數(shù)量的單詞(一般為一般為511個(gè)單詞個(gè)單詞), 有規(guī)律有規(guī)律 地刪去一個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)地刪去一個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ), 有規(guī)則地留出空白有規(guī)則地留出空白, 讓考生來(lái)讓考生來(lái) 填填; 2) 與第一種類型相似與第一種類型相似, 但所有答案已經(jīng)全部給出但所有答案已經(jīng)全部給出, 只是只是 排列無(wú)序排列無(wú)序, 不規(guī)則不規(guī)則, 讓考生采取對(duì)號(hào)入座的選擇方式讓考生采取對(duì)號(hào)入座的選擇方式 做題做題; 4 3) 刪掉

4、的詞僅限于某一類語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象刪掉的詞僅限于某一類語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象, 如動(dòng)詞如動(dòng)詞, 名詞名詞, 介詞等。這樣介詞等。這樣, 原來(lái)隔固定詞數(shù)刪詞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)僅供原來(lái)隔固定詞數(shù)刪詞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)僅供 參考參考; 4) 多項(xiàng)選擇形式多項(xiàng)選擇形式, 試題設(shè)計(jì)者為每個(gè)空白提供四個(gè)試題設(shè)計(jì)者為每個(gè)空白提供四個(gè) 備選答案?jìng)溥x答案, 由考生選擇唯一正確的答案來(lái)填空。由考生選擇唯一正確的答案來(lái)填空。 這種形式是采用最普遍的完形填空測(cè)試形式。這種形式是采用最普遍的完形填空測(cè)試形式。 5) 試題設(shè)計(jì)者把去掉的每個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母給出試題設(shè)計(jì)者把去掉的每個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母給出, 讓考生把其它字母補(bǔ)全。讓考生把其它字母補(bǔ)全。5任意選詞使得段落意

5、思完整：任意選詞使得段落意思完整： Passage One When you laugh, you will 1 your mouth and show your teeth. The healthier those teeth are, the happier you look. Why is that? Its 2 your teeth are important in many ways. If you take care of them, theyll help to take care of you. Strong, healthy teeth help you eat the ri

6、ght food to help you grow. They also help you speak clearly. 1 open 2 because： 回答前面回答前面why6 You can take care of your teeth by doing like these: Brush your teeth 3 after breakfast and before bedtime. If you can, brush 4 or after eating sweet cakes. Brush all of your teeth, not just the front ones. S

7、pend some time on the teeth along the sides and in the back. Take your time while brushing. Spend 5 3 minutes each time you brush. Be sure your toothbrush is soft. Ask your parent to help you get a new toothbrush 6 . 3 twice a day 4 after lunch 5 at least 6 every three months7 Learn how to floss(用牙線

8、清理用牙線清理) your teeth, which is a very important way to keep them healthy. It feels strange when you do it at first, but soon youll 7 doing it. The floss gets rid of food thats hidden between your teeth. Brushing and flossing 8 your teeth healthy. You also need to care about what you eat and drink. Ea

9、t 9 fruits and vegetables and drink water 10 drinks.7 be/ get used to 9 lots of / a lot of / many 8 keep sb./ sth. + adj.10 instead of 81. open 張開(kāi)嘴的張開(kāi)嘴的“張開(kāi)張開(kāi)”應(yīng)用應(yīng)用open。2. because： 回答前面回答前面why提出的問(wèn)題。提出的問(wèn)題。3. twice a day 單位時(shí)間中的次數(shù)。單位時(shí)間中的次數(shù)。4. after lunch： after之后常常跟一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)。之后常常跟一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)。5. 這是一個(gè)固定的短語(yǔ)這是一個(gè)固定的短語(yǔ)6

10、. 又如又如 every four years。7. 后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。8. keep 的一個(gè)常用句型：的一個(gè)常用句型： “keep somebody/ something +形容詞形容詞” 9. lots of / a lot of / many 都可用來(lái)修飾名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。都可用來(lái)修飾名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。10. instead of 短語(yǔ)介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。短語(yǔ)介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。9Passage Two Everyone needs friends. We all like to feel close to someone. It is nice to have a fri

11、end to talk, laugh, and do things with. Surely, there are times when we need to be alone. We dont always want people 1 . But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend. No two people are just the same. Sometimes friends dont 2 . That doesnt mean that they no longer like 3 . Most of the time they

12、will make up and 4 being friends.1_在周圍在周圍 around 3_互相互相 each other 2_相處得好相處得好 get along well 4_繼續(xù)繼續(xù) go on 10 Sometimes friends move away. Then we feel very sad. We 5 them very much. But we call them and write to them. It could be that we would even see them again. And we can 6 . It is surprising to

13、find out how much we like new people when we get to know them. Families sometimes name their children after a close friend. 7 are named after men and women who have been friendly to people in a town. Some libraries are named this way. So are some schools. We 8 these people when we go to these places

14、.5_想念想念miss 6_結(jié)交新朋友結(jié)交新朋友make new friends 8_想起想起think of 7_許多地方許多地方Many places 11 Theres more good news for people who have friends. They live 9 than people who dont. Why? It could be that they are happier. Being happy helps you stay well. Or it could be just knowing that someone cares. If someone ca

15、res about you, you take better care of 10 . 9_長(zhǎng)一些長(zhǎng)一些longer10_你自己你自己 yourself 12三、三、 完形填空測(cè)試要點(diǎn)完形填空測(cè)試要點(diǎn) 從干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)看，近幾年完形填空大體有以從干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)看，近幾年完形填空大體有以下特點(diǎn)下特點(diǎn):1搭配題搭配題 1) 名詞與介詞的搭配，名詞與介詞的搭配， 2) 形容詞和介詞的搭配形容詞和介詞的搭配 3) 動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配，動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配， 4) 動(dòng)詞和名詞的搭配，動(dòng)詞和名詞的搭配， 5) 副詞與分詞的搭配，副詞與分詞的搭配， 這些都是常用的固定搭配這些都是常用的固定搭配,考生只要平時(shí)多加注

16、意，考生只要平時(shí)多加注意，在考試中便可輕松應(yīng)對(duì)。在考試中便可輕松應(yīng)對(duì)。 132 短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ) 另外一類比較簡(jiǎn)單的選項(xiàng)為短語(yǔ)，這些也大都是另外一類比較簡(jiǎn)單的選項(xiàng)為短語(yǔ)，這些也大都是約定俗成的，約定俗成的，3 上下文線索上下文線索 名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞的選擇題中，大多情況下是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞的選擇題中，大多情況下是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有任何聯(lián)系，語(yǔ)義差別也比較大，選擇四個(gè)選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有任何聯(lián)系，語(yǔ)義差別也比較大，選擇時(shí)需根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行語(yǔ)意方面的判斷，多數(shù)情況下，時(shí)需根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行語(yǔ)意方面的判斷，多數(shù)情況下，上下文中有同現(xiàn)和復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象，考生應(yīng)注意利用這些上下文中有同現(xiàn)和復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象，考生應(yīng)注意利用這些提示。提示。14四、完形

17、填空的命題四、完形填空的命題1、詞匯方面、詞匯方面(1) 語(yǔ)義辨析主要集中在實(shí)詞：語(yǔ)義辨析主要集中在實(shí)詞： 名詞，動(dòng)詞，形容詞和副詞；名詞，動(dòng)詞，形容詞和副詞； 選項(xiàng)往往以同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或形近易混詞選項(xiàng)往往以同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或形近易混詞 的形式出現(xiàn)。的形式出現(xiàn)。(2) 固定搭配以動(dòng)詞，形容詞與副詞，介詞構(gòu)成的詞組固定搭配以動(dòng)詞，形容詞與副詞，介詞構(gòu)成的詞組 居多，這些詞組出現(xiàn)在完形填空中，主要以副詞和居多，這些詞組出現(xiàn)在完形填空中，主要以副詞和 介詞為考點(diǎn)。介詞為考點(diǎn)。152、語(yǔ)法方面、語(yǔ)法方面(1) 定語(yǔ)從句：定語(yǔ)從句： 主要考連接詞，主要考連接詞， 限定與非限定定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

18、，限定與非限定定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別， 區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句與其它從句區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句與其它從句。(2) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 ： 動(dòng)詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去分詞，動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去分詞，動(dòng)名詞。(3) 主謂搭配一致：主謂搭配一致： 時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，語(yǔ)氣，人稱，數(shù)。時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，語(yǔ)氣，人稱，數(shù)。16(4) 否定句、各種否定詞及雙重否定。否定句、各種否定詞及雙重否定。(5) 邏輯主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ) (主要是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)主要是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ))，在，在 句法上不是主謂關(guān)系，但在語(yǔ)義上為施動(dòng)者與句法上不是主謂關(guān)系，但在語(yǔ)義上為施動(dòng)者與 動(dòng)作的關(guān)系。動(dòng)作的關(guān)系。(6) 句型句式，包括區(qū)別簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句，對(duì)

19、稱句型句式，包括區(qū)別簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句，對(duì)稱 結(jié)構(gòu)或省略，倒裝及割裂的復(fù)雜句子。結(jié)構(gòu)或省略，倒裝及割裂的復(fù)雜句子。(7) 詞類之間的搭配要求，如動(dòng)詞需要副詞詞組詞類之間的搭配要求，如動(dòng)詞需要副詞詞組 修飾；及物動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)加賓語(yǔ)；名詞需要形容修飾；及物動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)加賓語(yǔ)；名詞需要形容 詞，名詞，冠詞，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，詞組及定語(yǔ)詞，名詞，冠詞，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，詞組及定語(yǔ) 從句修飾等。從句修飾等。173、語(yǔ)篇方面、語(yǔ)篇方面(1)語(yǔ)境，就是我們平常所說(shuō)的上下文，段與段之間語(yǔ)境，就是我們平常所說(shuō)的上下文，段與段之間, 句句子與句子之間，句子與段之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。一切語(yǔ)義的子與句子之間，句子與段之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。一切語(yǔ)義的理解

20、都離不開(kāi)語(yǔ)境。理解都離不開(kāi)語(yǔ)境。(2)句際之間的邏輯關(guān)系句際之間的邏輯關(guān)系并列關(guān)系并列關(guān)系(連接詞有連接詞有and, while等等)；轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(but, however, whereas, nevertheless等等)；因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系(so,therefore, thus, for, since, as等等);讓步關(guān)系讓步關(guān)系(though, despite, in spite of等等)；條件關(guān)系條件關(guān)系(if, unless, once等等)；解釋關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系(i.e., that is to say, in other words等等)；順序關(guān)系順序關(guān)系(連接詞有連接詞有b

21、efore, after, and, first, then, 等等)18(3)詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系 詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系是指某一個(gè)詞以原詞，指代詞，詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系是指某一個(gè)詞以原詞，指代詞，同義詞，近義詞，上義詞，下義詞，概括詞等出現(xiàn)在同義詞，近義詞，上義詞，下義詞，概括詞等出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)篇中，語(yǔ)篇中的句子通過(guò)這種復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系得以相互銜語(yǔ)篇中，語(yǔ)篇中的句子通過(guò)這種復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系得以相互銜接。根據(jù)這個(gè)原則，某一個(gè)空格所對(duì)應(yīng)的答案很可能接。根據(jù)這個(gè)原則，某一個(gè)空格所對(duì)應(yīng)的答案很可能就是在上下文中復(fù)現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞，考生可以根據(jù)這些復(fù)就是在上下文中復(fù)現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞，考生可以根據(jù)這些復(fù)現(xiàn)詞之間的有機(jī)聯(lián)系確定答案。現(xiàn)詞之間的

22、有機(jī)聯(lián)系確定答案。(4)詞匯的同現(xiàn)關(guān)系詞匯的同現(xiàn)關(guān)系 詞匯的同現(xiàn)關(guān)系是指詞匯共同出現(xiàn)的傾向性。在詞匯的同現(xiàn)關(guān)系是指詞匯共同出現(xiàn)的傾向性。在語(yǔ)篇中，圍繞一定的主題，一定的詞就會(huì)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，語(yǔ)篇中，圍繞一定的主題，一定的詞就會(huì)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，這種詞的同現(xiàn)關(guān)系與語(yǔ)篇范圍關(guān)系密切，根據(jù)這個(gè)原這種詞的同現(xiàn)關(guān)系與語(yǔ)篇范圍關(guān)系密切，根據(jù)這個(gè)原則，我們可以刪除一些語(yǔ)篇范圍以外的選項(xiàng)，而將重則，我們可以刪除一些語(yǔ)篇范圍以外的選項(xiàng)，而將重點(diǎn)放在語(yǔ)篇范圍以內(nèi)的選項(xiàng)上。點(diǎn)放在語(yǔ)篇范圍以內(nèi)的選項(xiàng)上。 19五、出題人有以下六種出題思路五、出題人有以下六種出題思路 (一一) 詞義與詞形的辨析。詞義與詞形的辨析。選項(xiàng)與選項(xiàng)之間構(gòu)成同

23、義詞、反義詞、形近詞的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)與選項(xiàng)之間構(gòu)成同義詞、反義詞、形近詞的關(guān)系。有時(shí)考察考生對(duì)詞義的精確理解。舉例：有時(shí)考察考生對(duì)詞義的精確理解。舉例：Geographers compare and contrast 7 places on the earth.7 A) similar B) various C) distant D) famous譯文：地理學(xué)家比較和對(duì)照地球上的譯文：地理學(xué)家比較和對(duì)照地球上的 地方。地方。出題者精心設(shè)計(jì)只為考察出題者精心設(shè)計(jì)只為考察compare和和contrast的的精確含義。精確含義。compare意為意為to exam for similarities a

24、nd differences, contrast意為意為to compare in order to show differences。綜合兩個(gè)詞的含義，。綜合兩個(gè)詞的含義，應(yīng)為應(yīng)為“找出其相似之處與不同之處找出其相似之處與不同之處”。B）various“各種各樣各種各樣”為正確答案。為正確答案。20(二二)邏輯關(guān)系。邏輯關(guān)系。所填空格的句子，與上下文構(gòu)成指代、列舉、因果、比所填空格的句子，與上下文構(gòu)成指代、列舉、因果、比較、對(duì)比、讓步、補(bǔ)充、遞進(jìn)等邏輯關(guān)系。較、對(duì)比、讓步、補(bǔ)充、遞進(jìn)等邏輯關(guān)系。The foreign research scholar usually isolates him

25、self in the lab as a means of protection; 7 what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university system7 A) otherwise B) moreover C) however D) also根據(jù)上下文，空格前為根據(jù)上下文，空格前為“外籍研究學(xué)者通常把自己外籍研究學(xué)者通常把自己隔離在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里作為一種保護(hù)的手段隔離在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里作為一種保護(hù)的手段”。空格后為?？崭窈鬄椤八杷枰谌氲氖歉叨鹊慕M織化的大學(xué)系統(tǒng)要融入的是高度的組織化的大學(xué)系統(tǒng)”。前者是一種孤。前者是一種孤離的

26、狀態(tài)離的狀態(tài)“isolate”，而后者都是一種組織化的系統(tǒng)，從，而后者都是一種組織化的系統(tǒng)，從邏輯的角度而言，前后已然成為對(duì)立、矛盾的關(guān)系。邏輯的角度而言，前后已然成為對(duì)立、矛盾的關(guān)系。所以答案為表示對(duì)比（轉(zhuǎn)折）關(guān)系的連詞所以答案為表示對(duì)比（轉(zhuǎn)折）關(guān)系的連詞however.21(二二)邏輯關(guān)系。邏輯關(guān)系。所填空格的句子，與上下文構(gòu)成指代、列舉、因果、比所填空格的句子，與上下文構(gòu)成指代、列舉、因果、比較、對(duì)比、讓步、補(bǔ)充、遞進(jìn)等邏輯關(guān)系。較、對(duì)比、讓步、補(bǔ)充、遞進(jìn)等邏輯關(guān)系。The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the

27、lab as a means of protection; 7 what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university system7 A) otherwise B) moreover C) however D) also根據(jù)上下文，空格前為根據(jù)上下文，空格前為“外籍研究學(xué)者通常把自己外籍研究學(xué)者通常把自己隔離在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里作為一種保護(hù)的手段隔離在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里作為一種保護(hù)的手段”?？崭窈鬄椤？崭窈鬄椤八枰谌氲氖歉叨鹊慕M織化的大學(xué)系統(tǒng)需要融入的是高度的組織化的大學(xué)系統(tǒng)”。前者是一種。前者是一種孤離的狀態(tài)孤離的狀態(tài)“isola

28、te”，而后者都是一種組織化的系統(tǒng)，而后者都是一種組織化的系統(tǒng)，從邏輯的角度而言，前后已然成為對(duì)立、矛盾的關(guān)系。從邏輯的角度而言，前后已然成為對(duì)立、矛盾的關(guān)系。所以答案為表示對(duì)比（轉(zhuǎn)折）關(guān)系的連詞所以答案為表示對(duì)比（轉(zhuǎn)折）關(guān)系的連詞however.22(三三)結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)別。結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)別。這里講到的結(jié)構(gòu)，是指英文中句子結(jié)構(gòu)的固定詞組，這里講到的結(jié)構(gòu)，是指英文中句子結(jié)構(gòu)的固定詞組，如如not onlybut, as well, somethe others, still others等。等。(四四)固定搭配。固定搭配。 這里的固定搭配，是指動(dòng)詞與名詞之間的搭配。這里的固定搭配，是指動(dòng)詞與名詞之間的搭配。

29、如：同樣是如：同樣是“利用利用”, 卻有不同的搭配卻有不同的搭配 take advantage of sth. /make use of sth.23(五五)動(dòng)詞的用法。動(dòng)詞的用法?？忌鷳?yīng)從動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）考生應(yīng)從動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞）幾個(gè)角度逐一考慮。去分詞）幾個(gè)角度逐一考慮。(六六)介詞的用法。介詞的用法。介詞的用法中多考察介詞與名詞、介詞與形容詞及介詞的用法中多考察介詞與名詞、介詞與形容詞及及介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配和用法。及介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配和用法。 24除了按照以

30、上六種思路從正面逐一解題外，考生還可除了按照以上六種思路從正面逐一解題外，考生還可以靈活多變地從反面入手，利用排除法獲得正確答案。以靈活多變地從反面入手，利用排除法獲得正確答案。 “排除法排除法”的方法能夠快速地縮小可選范圍，找到正的方法能夠快速地縮小可選范圍，找到正確答案。例如：確答案。例如：“In the United States, professors have many other duties 6 teaching, such as administrative or research work . 7 , the time that a professor can spend w

31、ith a student outside of class is limited.” 6. A) but B) except C) with D) besides 7. A) However B)Therefore C) Furthermore D) Nevertheless25在完形填空中，具有相同的含義，同樣的語(yǔ)法功在完形填空中，具有相同的含義，同樣的語(yǔ)法功能以及一致用法的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)選項(xiàng)，那它們相互之間能以及一致用法的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)選項(xiàng)，那它們相互之間就構(gòu)成了同性元素。其實(shí)，同性元素的出現(xiàn)，是出題就構(gòu)成了同性元素。其實(shí)，同性元素的出現(xiàn)，是出題者黔驢技窮的表現(xiàn)，是為了湊足四個(gè)選項(xiàng)不得已而為者黔

32、驢技窮的表現(xiàn)，是為了湊足四個(gè)選項(xiàng)不得已而為之的。之的。 分析以上兩題選項(xiàng)，很明顯，分析以上兩題選項(xiàng)，很明顯，6題中，題中，A與與B互為同互為同性元素，意思與語(yǔ)法功用一模一樣，均表示性元素，意思與語(yǔ)法功用一模一樣，均表示“除了除了”（不包含）。（不包含）。7題中題中A與與D也如出一轍，均是表示轉(zhuǎn)折也如出一轍，均是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，譯為的連詞，譯為“然而，但是然而，但是”，選項(xiàng)中一旦出現(xiàn)同性，選項(xiàng)中一旦出現(xiàn)同性元素，它們必定不是正確答案，考生應(yīng)立即將其排除元素，它們必定不是正確答案，考生應(yīng)立即將其排除掉。掉。 這樣一來(lái)，這樣一來(lái)，6題只剩下可選答案題只剩下可選答案C）、）、D），），7題只題只剩下剩

33、下B）、）、C），可選范圍迅速縮小，再根據(jù)上下文邏），可選范圍迅速縮小，再根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系的判定可得出正確答案輯關(guān)系的判定可得出正確答案6 D），），7 B）。）。26第二章、注意詞匯知識(shí)的運(yùn)用第二章、注意詞匯知識(shí)的運(yùn)用 完形填空中對(duì)詞的考查以實(shí)詞為主，如形容詞、完形填空中對(duì)詞的考查以實(shí)詞為主，如形容詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞等。其中有相當(dāng)一部分詞匯題中名詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞等。其中有相當(dāng)一部分詞匯題中各個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間并無(wú)大的聯(lián)系。各個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間并無(wú)大的聯(lián)系。27一、形容詞一、形容詞選項(xiàng)如果都是形容詞，我們可以從下面的角度考慮：選項(xiàng)如果都是形容詞，我們可以從下面的角度考慮：A. 形容詞的基本意義與搭配形容詞的

34、基本意義與搭配 (如如:形容詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系等形容詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系等);B. 在特定情景、語(yǔ)境中形容詞的意義在特定情景、語(yǔ)境中形容詞的意義(特殊含義特殊含義); 通常來(lái)說(shuō)：要選擇的形容詞與短文所描述的情景通常來(lái)說(shuō)：要選擇的形容詞與短文所描述的情景 或敘述的人、物、事件的性質(zhì)、特征等有關(guān)；或敘述的人、物、事件的性質(zhì)、特征等有關(guān)；C. 上下文內(nèi)容一致關(guān)系上下文內(nèi)容一致關(guān)系: 如與短文前后敘述的話題、主題、中心內(nèi)容相關(guān)如與短文前后敘述的話題、主題、中心內(nèi)容相關(guān);D. 與生活常識(shí)有關(guān)的常識(shí)性問(wèn)題與生活常識(shí)有關(guān)的常識(shí)性問(wèn)題;E. 同近義形容詞的區(qū)分等等。同近義形容詞的區(qū)分等等。 281. In th

35、e low latitude area, it is usually very _ all the year around.2. In 1989, a(n) _law was passed by the United Nations to stop people putting waste into sea.3. The patient suffering from cancer looked dead but the faint pulse proved that he was still_.1.A. warm B. hot C. cold D. heat2. A. national B.

36、local C. internet D. international3. A. live B. life C. alive D. lively B. 0（赤道）30是低緯度 D.國(guó)際法才要聯(lián)合國(guó)通過(guò)。294. What he said sounds _, but it is impractical.5. Both of my parents prefer _ news to foreign news when they listen to the radio.6. The price of the portable computers (手提電腦手提電腦) is still so _that

37、I cant afford to buy one.7. Her trouble was found to be _, not physical. 4. A. interesting B. reasonable C. understandable D. enjoyable5. A. local B. latest C. international D. global 6. A. high B. low C. expensive D. dear7.A. mental B. material C. mad D. spiritualB.聽(tīng)起來(lái)合理，行不通 A. 只有只有A與與foreign對(duì)應(yīng)。對(duì)應(yīng)。

38、 A.價(jià)格high,東西dear。 A.與physical對(duì)應(yīng)。308. After all, not even _ speakers of English find it easy to do some reading aloud correctly in RP. (Received Pronunciation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英音標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英音) 9. He had an _ holiday in Hong Kong, for he got his pocket picked on the first day.10. I dont think she is right, so her words of adv

39、ice were _ on me.8.A. national B. native C. natural D. non-stop9.A. pleasing B. unfortunate C. unfit D. unpleasant10.A. wasted B. useful C. helpful D. effective D.度假第一天錢包被竊。 A.she is not right.B.英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)者。31形容詞專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練形容詞專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練 .One day a police officer managed to get some fresh mushrooms (蘑菇蘑菇). He was so 2

40、1 that he cooked them and offered to share with his fellow officers. “Let the dog try a piece first,” suggested one 22 officer who was afraid that the mushrooms might be 23 . The dog seemed to enjoy his mushroom, and the officers then began to eat their meal, 21.A. sure B. careless C. pleased D. dis

41、appointed22.A. frightened B. shy C. cheerful D. careful23.A. dangerous B. poisonous C. harmful D. smelly D.細(xì)心，害怕有毒。 B.有毒的C. not easy to get them。32saying that the mushrooms had a very strange but quite 24 taste. An hour later, however, they were all 25 when the gardener rushed in and said 26 that th

42、e dog was dead. Immediately, the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the 27 hospital. Pumps(洗胃器洗胃器) were used and the officers had a very 28 time getting rid of the mushrooms that remained in their stomachs. 24.A. special B. delicious C. pleasant D. bitter25.A. glad B. curious C. satisfied

43、 D. astonished26.A. cruelly B. curiously C. seriously D. finally27.A.animal B. biggest C. best D. nearest28.A.hard B. busy C. exciting D. unforgettable D.sth. unexpected happened. A.痛苦時(shí)刻.B. pleasant taste; delicious food。 C. 嚴(yán)肅神態(tài). D. 救命要緊，時(shí)間是生命.33When they returned, they called the gardener to tell

44、how the dog died. “Did it suffer much before death?” asked one of the officers, feeling very pleased that he had escaped a 29 death himself. “No”, the gardener looked rather 30 . “It was killed the moment a car hit it.”29.A. strange B. painful C. peaceful D. natural30.A. happy B. interested C. surpr

45、ised D. excited C.gardener是局外人B.痛苦死去。34二、副詞二、副詞選項(xiàng)如果都是副詞，可以從下面的角度考慮：選項(xiàng)如果都是副詞，可以從下面的角度考慮：A. 副詞基本意義與特殊含義副詞基本意義與特殊含義; B. 與副詞有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)意義、與副詞有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)意義、“動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+副詞副詞”構(gòu)成的動(dòng)構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)意義與用法詞短語(yǔ)意義與用法;C. 在特定語(yǔ)境中在特定語(yǔ)境中, 副詞與其所修飾的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞與其所修飾的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞之間的關(guān)系；副詞之間的關(guān)系；D. 上下文詞與詞之間、句子與句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系上下文詞與詞之間、句子與句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系 (銜接副詞銜接副詞); E. 同

46、近義副詞的區(qū)分同近義副詞的區(qū)分 (如如:原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的副原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的副詞詞) 等等。等等。351. These books are _ written for those who learn how to use computer. Its an ABC of computer learning.2. The rock is _ two hundred kilograms, and almost no one can move it.3. Instead of answering, she _ smiled. 4. It was _ late to catch a bus a

47、fter the party; therefore we called a taxi. 1. A. particularly B. specially C. especially D. peculiarly2. A. nearly B. mostly C. hardly D. partly3. A. merely B. barely C. almost D. scarcely 4. A. too very B. much too C. too much D. farA. 接近-用在數(shù)字前; 平時(shí) mostly = very nearly.B.專門-目的。A_D指程度A. 簡(jiǎn)單地，僅僅 .B.t

48、oo后接adj. 因much語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)too muchmany 后接名詞365. After having failed many times, the young man refused to try it _.6. This novel is _ a good book, but there are many that are better.7. Our cousin who is attending college in New York phones us every Sunday at six, _ as clockwork.（有規(guī)則的）（有規(guī)則的）5.A. again and aga

49、in B. once more C. less D. over and over again6. A. very B. rather C. fairly D. quite7. A. usually B. frequently C. regularly D. commonlyC. fairly,quite,rather,pretty越來(lái)越強(qiáng)B.拒絕再試A.D相等。C.有規(guī)律（題目強(qiáng)調(diào)）378. At the beginning, I had some difficulty with my English, and my teacher pulled me _.9. The internation

50、al police has come into existence and they were _ the key to global security.10. I never expected you to turn _ at the meeting. I thought you were abroad.8. A. down B. over C. up D. through9. A. thus B. for C. or D. otherwise10. A. around B. on C. in D. upD.度過(guò)難關(guān)固定搭配D.固定詞組：出現(xiàn)A. 從而，這樣。其它不合邏輯.38（形容詞與副詞

51、專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（形容詞與副詞專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練) Many people think teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is _21_ for children to work at home in their free time. _ 22 _ they argue that most teachers do not _23 _ plan the homework tasks they give to pupils. The results are that pupils have to repeat tasks which t

52、hey have _ 24_ done at school.21 A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. unfortunate D. unimportant22 A. Nevertheless B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover23 A. considerably B. favorably C. properly D. pleasantly24 A. just B. already C. yet D. still not only that39 Recently in Greece many parents complaine

53、d about the _25_ homework which teachers gave to their children. The parents said that most of the homework was _26_, and they wanted to stop it. Spain and Turkey are two countries which stopped homework recently. In Denmark, Germany and several other countries in Europe, teachers cannot set homewor

54、k at weekends. 25 A. simple B. advanced C. easy D. difficult26 A. impossible B. invaluable C. careless D. uselessD. 太難的，A，C同義B. 沒(méi)價(jià)值，想放棄40In Holland, teachers allow pupils to stay at school to do their homework. The children are free to help one another. _27_ arrangement also exists in some British s

55、chools. Most people agree that homework is not _28 _ . A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and _29_ room is in a much better position than a pupil27 A. Familiar B. Appropriate C. Similar D. Abnormal28 A. fair B. average C. balanced D. comparative29 A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D.

56、suitableA. 不公平.C.相似的作業(yè)布置。C.舒適的41who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. Some parents are ready to help their children with their homework. But other parents _30_take no interest at all in their childrens homework.30 A. even B. ever C. hardly D. almostA. 甚至沒(méi)有絲毫興趣42三、動(dòng)詞三、動(dòng)

57、詞選項(xiàng)如果都是動(dòng)詞，可以從下面的角度考慮選項(xiàng)如果都是動(dòng)詞，可以從下面的角度考慮A. 動(dòng)詞的基本意義、引申意義（一詞多義，特別是一動(dòng)詞的基本意義、引申意義（一詞多義，特別是一些常用動(dòng)詞的意義些常用動(dòng)詞的意義）；（提示注意：）；（提示注意：該動(dòng)詞表示該動(dòng)詞表示的是動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)還是結(jié)果；的是動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)還是結(jié)果；根據(jù)短文或上下句提根據(jù)短文或上下句提供的情景判斷該動(dòng)詞的發(fā)出者是誰(shuí)，如供的情景判斷該動(dòng)詞的發(fā)出者是誰(shuí)，如: 該動(dòng)詞所在該動(dòng)詞所在的句子的主語(yǔ)能否做出這一動(dòng)作）的句子的主語(yǔ)能否做出這一動(dòng)作）;B. 動(dòng)詞的搭配動(dòng)詞的搭配 (如如: 動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系；后接的特動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系；后接的特殊名詞賓

58、語(yǔ)是什么殊名詞賓語(yǔ)是什么、后跟的動(dòng)詞的形式是、后跟的動(dòng)詞的形式是to do / doing 還是還是 do / 等等)；43C. 動(dòng)詞的種類及其用法。如：該動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞的種類及其用法。如：該動(dòng)詞是vt還是還是vi；是；是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞還是瞬間動(dòng)詞；是否是系動(dòng)詞（特殊用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞還是瞬間動(dòng)詞；是否是系動(dòng)詞（特殊用法：后可接法：后可接adj作表語(yǔ)）、助動(dòng)詞（構(gòu)成否定、疑問(wèn)、作表語(yǔ)）、助動(dòng)詞（構(gòu)成否定、疑問(wèn)、do用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等語(yǔ)法形式）等；用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等語(yǔ)法形式）等；D. 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的意義與用法；動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的意義與用法；E. 該動(dòng)詞與上下句子說(shuō)到的內(nèi)容與形式的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系等該動(dòng)詞與上下句子說(shuō)到的內(nèi)容與形式

59、的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系等與生活常識(shí)有關(guān)的常識(shí)性問(wèn)題與生活常識(shí)有關(guān)的常識(shí)性問(wèn)題;F. 同近義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)分等。同近義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)分等。441. John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages _ in the dictionary.2. Mrs. Clarke raised the kettle and _the water over the hand.3. The boy was in the water and his canoe獨(dú)木舟獨(dú)木舟 was_ away. 4. And video cameras can be used t

60、o_ peoples actions at home.1. A. missing B. losing C. dropping D. leaking2. A. spread B. dropped C. poured D. covered3. A. running B. floating C. flowing D. pulling4. A. keep B. make C. record D. watchA.缺頁(yè)。455. Washington D.C. _ between Virginia and Maryland on the Potomac River. 6. He_ me 50 yuan a