人教版英語八年級下冊Unit1知識點(diǎn)

1、Unit 1An. 建議，忠告，勸告advice是不可數(shù)名詞，表示“一條建議”“兩條建議” “一些建議”可用:a piece of advice； two piece of advice； some advice (2)advice作名詞時(shí)的常用搭配：ask sb. for advice征詢某人的建議 give sb. some advice= give some advice to s蛉某人提出一些建議give advice on sth在某方面給出建議take (follow) ones advice接受某人的建議. He often gives us some advice.=He of

2、ten gives some advice to us.他經(jīng)常給我們一些建議。例題：Your is very helpful. I guess llI take it.A. secret B. advice C. promise D. purpose答案： B 秘密；建議；承諾；目標(biāo)。由下句“我想我會(huì)采納。 ”可知“你的建議很有用”。s the matter 怎么了(1)該句用來詢問對方所遇到的麻煩，或醫(yī)生及護(hù)士詢問病人身體情況，常與 with連用，后跟sb./sth.,意為“某人或某物怎么了”.What' s the matter (with you)爾)怎么了 I lost my

3、pen./I have a cold. 我把我的鋼筆弄丟了。/我感冒了。(2)“ (你 )怎么了”各種常見表達(dá)：What s the matter (with you)=What s the trouble (with you)=What s the problem(with you)=What s wrong (with you)=What s up=What happened例題： Nick is not at school. He has a cold.A. Who s that B. What s the matter C. How old is he D. How much is i

4、t 答案：B 句意：一一Nick沒來上學(xué)。怎么回事 一一他感冒了。此類句型中，matter，problem 前需加定冠詞the，trouble 前可加 the 或形容詞性物主代詞；wrong 是形容詞，其前不加任何修飾詞。此類句型中，what 即為句子主語，本身構(gòu)成陳述語序，故當(dāng)句子以賓語從句身份出現(xiàn)時(shí)，不可將be 移至 the matter/trouble/problem 之后。a stomachache 胃疼(1)have +a(n)銘詞，表示患某種病.have a cold 感冒have a toothache 牙疼have a fever 發(fā)燒have a headache疼拓展： s

5、ore 與 pain 也可用于表示疾病的短語.have a sore throat(back/knee )嗓子疼(背疼/膝蓋疼)have a pain in the back(foot/knee)背疼(腳疼/膝蓋疼)stomachache可數(shù)名詞，意為“胃疼；腹疼”，是由名詞stomach(胃；腹部)加 ache佟痛)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞?！吧眢w部位+ache”構(gòu)成疾病名稱headache 頭疼 toothache 牙疼backache 背疼例題： Mom ， I . I mrrsyoto hear that， dear. We must go to see the dentist right aw

6、ay.A. have a headache B. have a stomachache C. have a toothache答案： C 由下文“dentist ”可知孩子牙疼。n. 腳foot 作為可數(shù)名詞用，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是feet。.This kind of animal has four feetii 種動(dòng)物有四只腳。(1)與foot變復(fù)數(shù)的變化形式相似的詞還有：tooth-teeth牙齒goose-geeseH(2)on foot 步行，固定短語，相當(dāng)于walk。.We came here on foot.=We walked her哦們走著來這兒的。n. 發(fā)燒.Tom has a fe

7、ve湯姆發(fā)燒了。(1)have a fever=have a temperature=run a feve 發(fā)燒.I had a temperature last night.昨晚我發(fā)燒了。例題：Nancy took her temperature and found she had a .A. cough B. toothache C. cold D. fever答案 :D 由上文“南希量了一下體溫”可知發(fā)現(xiàn)她發(fā)燒了。(2)拓展：have a high temperature/fever 發(fā)高燒v. 躺，平躺(1)lie的各種含義： lie v. 躺，位于，平放lay-lain-lying.

8、You should lie down 你應(yīng)該躺下。His school lies in the north of the city 他的學(xué)校位于城北。 lie v. 說謊 lied-lied-lying.He often lies他經(jīng)常說謊lie n.謊言lies(復(fù)數(shù)).He often tells lies 他經(jīng)常說謊。例題：Look， there is a wallet on the playground.A. lieB. lyingC. layD. lain答案:BThere be- doing sth.為固定句式，lie躺，位于，平放，其現(xiàn)在分詞是lying。(2)拓展：lay v

9、. 下蛋，放置.The hens lay a lot of eggs every da坤雞每天下很多蛋。Please lay the table before dinner®前請擺好餐具。v. & n. 放松；休息(1)rest作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使休息”，作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“休息”。.You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading大量閱讀之后, 你應(yīng)該休息一下 你的眼睛。I'm tired , and I want to rest.我累了，我想休息。(2)rest 也可以作名詞，have/take a rest=hav

10、e/take a break 意為“休息一下”。.Students have a rest/break after each lessonp：生們每節(jié)課后者 B 休息一下。v. 摸起來(1)feel 常用作系動(dòng)詞，其后跟形容詞作表語。其主要用法有：表示某物摸起來給人的感覺，通常要以被摸之物作主語，不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。.Your hand feels col的的手摸起來很涼。Silk feels soft and smooth絲綢摸起來柔軟平滑。表示某人的感覺，以人作主語，可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。.I feel fine./I m feeling fine.我感覺良好。/我現(xiàn)在感覺良好。(2)歸納：常用的

11、感官動(dòng)詞:feel 摸起來， look 看起來， sound 聽起來， taste 嘗起來， smell 聞起來。(3)拓展：feel like +n.意為“摸起來像”.This wallet feels like leather®個(gè)錢包摸起來像是皮的。例題：This bed soft and comfortable.A. sounds B. tastes C. feels D. smells答案： C 句意 :這張床摸起來柔軟而且舒服。prep. 沒有，缺乏(1)without 后接名詞、代詞賓格或作賓語，其反義詞為with 。. We got there without any

12、trouble.我們到了那兒，一路上沒遇到任何麻煩。Can you finish your homework without him沒有他你能完成你的家庭作業(yè)嗎She left the room without saying a word.她一句話沒有說就離開了房間。例題：The “ teacher-free exam” means that students take their exams teachers. Students must be more honest.A. without B. against C. through D. by答案： A 沒有；反對；通過；被。由后句“學(xué)生們

13、必須更加誠實(shí)”，可知teacher-free exam”意思是沒有老師監(jiān)考的測試。(2)拓展：without用于否定句，還可以表示條件，意為“如果沒有”，相當(dāng)于if 引導(dǎo)的否定條件句。.We couldn't live without air尸We couldn't live if there weren't air.如果沒有空氣，我們就不能活。例題： W your help, I couldnt have passed the exam.答案:Without句意：如果沒有你的幫助，我不能通過考試。v.(使)疼痛；受傷hurt-hurt(過去式)-hurt(過去分詞)(

14、2)hurt作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“使疼痛，受傷；使不快”，后接賓語。.You hurt her feelings because you forgot her birthday.你傷了她的感情因?yàn)槟阃浟怂纳?。A boy hurt himself in . class二個(gè)男孩在體育課上傷著自己了。(3)hurt作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“感到疼痛”。.My feet hurt.我腳疼。11. when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.；就在此時(shí)司機(jī)看到一位老人躺在路邊。(1)when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，除常常有“當(dāng)時(shí)”之意外

15、，放在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成 的主旬之后，還以為 “就在此時(shí) /那時(shí)； 突然” 相當(dāng)于 at this/that time。.He was just getting into the shower when the telephone rang.他正要去沐浴問，這時(shí)(突然)電話響了起來。例題： They were playing soccer on the playground the storm came.A. as soon as B. as long as C. when D. while答案:C句意：他們正在操場上踢足球，這時(shí)暴風(fēng)雨來了。表示某一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生，應(yīng)用 wh

16、en,意為“在那時(shí)”。(2)辨析：see sb. doing sth看見某人正在做某事(看見動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行).I saw him playing the piano in the music room just now.我剛剛看見他正在首樂室彈鋼琴。see sb. do sth看見某人做某事(看見動(dòng)作全過程或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作).I often see him play basketball after school.我經(jīng)?？匆娝艑W(xué)后打籃球。(3)拓展：v. +sb. +doing/do的常見動(dòng)詞：一感(feel), 二聽(listen to, hear), 四看(see, look at, wat

17、ch, notice)例題 1: I see there two boys(pass) my house every day.答案:pass句意：每天我都會(huì)看見這兩個(gè)男孩經(jīng)過我的房子。see sb. do sth.意為“看見某人做某事”例題 2 ：1 tried to make Alice her mind but I found it difficult.Well, I saw you that when I went past.A. changed; do B. changes doing C. change to do ; doing答案:D 意：一一我盡力使艾麗斯改變她的主意，但我發(fā)現(xiàn)

18、很難。一一哦，但我經(jīng)過的時(shí)候，我看到你正在那樣做。make sb. do sth使某人做某事；see sb. doing sth.看見某人正在做某事。off 下車（1）get off的反義短語是get on “上車”。.Don't get on the bus.不要上8路公交車。He got off at Guangming Roadffc在光明路下車了。拓展：get的相關(guān)短語：get up 起床get on 登上（公共汽車、火車等）get off 下 （公共汽車、火車、飛機(jī)）get in 進(jìn)入（小汽車、出租車）get out of從（小汽車、出租車等）下來例題：Steven， we

19、should the bus at the next stop.A. get up B. get off C. get to D. get in 答案 :B 句意“斯蒂文，我們應(yīng)該在下一站下車”。one s surprise 讓某人吃驚的是.To his surprise the plan succeeded讓他吃驚的是，那個(gè)計(jì)劃成功了。surprise及其派生詞的相關(guān)用法： surprise 動(dòng)詞 surprise sb.I don't want to surprise her.我不想讓她驚訝。 surprise 名詞 to one s surprise， give sb. a su

20、rprise， in surprise.Lets give Mom a surprise咱們給媽媽一個(gè)驚喜吧！ surprising 形容詞 常修飾物.What surprising news多么令人驚訝的消息呀！ surprised 形容詞 常用人作主語，be surprised at sth.， be surprised to do sth.，be surprised that .I was surprised at the news我對這個(gè)消息感至U意外。 surprisingly 副詞.She looked surprisingly wel她看上去身體出奇地好。例題： How was

21、your life in England Quite different from here. , people there drink tea with milk.A. In my opinion B. To my surprise C. At the beginning答案:B我看來；使我吃驚的是；at the beginning (of)在(的)開始。由語境可知，使我吃驚的是人們喝茶加牛奶。n. 問題；苦惱trouble常用作不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于difficulty ,意為“困難；苦惱"，常用短語及 句式：（1）get （sb.） into trouble 意為“（使某人）陷入困

22、境”。. If I don t clock in before 9， Ill get into trouble！我要是 9 點(diǎn)前沒有上班打卡，我就會(huì)遇到麻煩的。(2)be in trouble意為“陷入困境中”。.Now he is in trouble, we should go all out to help him.現(xiàn)在他遇到了麻煩，我們應(yīng)該全力以赴去幫助他。(3)have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth尸have trouble/difficulty/problems (in)doing sth.表示“做某事有困難”。.His son had

23、trouble climbing up the hill.他兒子爬這座山很困難。(4)What s the trouble (with you)(你)怎么了例題：Sally is mybest friend. She is always there whenever I' mYeah. A friend in need is a friend indeed.A. in orderB. in troubleC. in public答案:B按順序；深陷困境；在公共場合。根據(jù)最后一句“患難中的朋友才是真正的朋友”可知每當(dāng)“我”身陷困境時(shí)，朋友總是在幫助“我”。(5)拓展：trouble動(dòng)詞，

24、表示“使煩惱，使憂慮；麻煩”。.Could I trouble you to open the door 能麻煩你開一下門嗎v.（用手或器具）擊；打（1）hit-hit（過去式）-hit（過去分詞）-hitting（現(xiàn)在分詞）.The boy hit the dog with a stone那男孩用一塊石頭打那只狗。（2）hit后接人或物的部位時(shí)，常用如下結(jié)構(gòu)：hit sb./sth. on/in +部位.She hit him on the head with her umbrella.她用雨傘打他的頭。注意：打在人體硬部位上用用介詞on,軟部位上用介詞in,且結(jié)構(gòu)中的定冠詞通常不可用物主代

25、詞代替。例題： Dont play near the window. The broken glass may 打到你的頭）.答案：hit you on the head.away立即；馬上right away的同義詞和同義短語分別是 immediately和right now/at once。 .He set off right away hearing the news聽到那個(gè)消息，他立即動(dòng)身了。例題： My father will leave for England at once.A. right away B. at times C. on time D. just now答案：A馬

26、上；有時(shí)；按時(shí)；剛才。句意：我父親將馬上離開去英國。 to帶去.Don't worry. I will take you to the bus stop.別擔(dān)心，我將帶你去公共汽車站。（1）辨析： bring 帶來 （帶到說話人的地方）. Remember to bring your homework to school tomorrow.記得明天把你的作業(yè)帶到學(xué)校來。 take 拿走（拿到遠(yuǎn)離說話人的地方）. Please take the books to the classroom.請把這些書拿到教室去。 carry 扛，搬（任何方向）. Please carry the bag

27、 to my office.請把這個(gè)袋子扛到我辦公室。 fetch 去取來，去拿來（往返取物）. Don t worry. I can fetch the key.別著急，我能把鑰匙拿來。例題：My parents usually me that park when I was young. Wealways enjoyed ourselves there.A. took； toB. fetched； from C. brought； to D. carried； from答案:A 從說話處帶到別的地方；去??；從別處帶到說話人的地方；從 搬(2)take的其他常用含義： take 表示“乘坐某

28、一交通工具”。 take 表示“花費(fèi)”，常用句型：It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間。 take 意為“買”，當(dāng)決定要買某物品時(shí)，可以說“Ill take it/them. ”。take表示“吃喝”時(shí)，與eat, drink, have意思相近；但表示“吃藥”時(shí)，通常只用take。used to doing 習(xí)慣于做.He is used to getting up earlyfifc習(xí)慣于早起。辨析：be/get/become used to doing "習(xí)慣于做 ”前者強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)；后兩者強(qiáng)調(diào)漸變的過程，其中to 為介

29、詞，后接動(dòng)名詞doing。. He has been used to walking to school.他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于步行去上學(xué)。used to do “過去常常”，后接動(dòng)詞原形。. He used to go to work on foot.他過去常常步行上班。be used to do/for doing "被用于做是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。. He used his knife to cut off his arm.=His knife was used to cut off his arm.他用刀子砍掉了他的胳膊。例題 1： I used to newspapers and watch T

30、V after dinner. But now Im usedto a walk.A. read； take B. read； taking C. reading； takingD. reading； take答案:B used to do sth.意為“過去經(jīng)常做某事" ；be used to doing sth.意為“習(xí) 慣于做某事”。 句意： 我過去晚飯后常常讀報(bào)紙和看電視，但是現(xiàn)在我習(xí)慣散步。例題2： Do you know what a writing brush is Yes. Its used writing and drawing.A. withB. toC. for

31、D. by答案:C be used for被用來做 ，be used by s剛某人使用。out 用盡；耗盡.After a long walk, he ran out of his water.長途跋涉后，他用盡了他的水。 辨析： run out 是“動(dòng)詞+副詞”型動(dòng)詞短語，主語通常是時(shí)間、食物、金錢等名詞。.His money soon ran out他的錢很快花完了。run out of作及物動(dòng)詞用(=use up),后接賓語，主語通常是人。. I have run out of my money before payday. 在發(fā)工資的日子之前我已經(jīng)用盡了我的錢。注意：run out

32、of 其愿意為“從中跑出”。. Lots of students ran out of the classroom to see what had happened.很多學(xué)生從教室里跑出來看看發(fā)生了什么事。例題：I will go to buy some paper. My paper has .A. gone out B. come out C. run out D. looked out答案 :C 出去；出版，出來；用完，耗盡；當(dāng)心。句意：我要去買些紙，我的紙用完了。he used his knife to cut off half his right arm. 所以他用刀子將他的右臂切去

33、了 一半。kniveso 類似有:(1)knife 用作名詞，意為“小刀”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為wife fwives 妻子wolffwolves 狼thieffthieves 賊 life-lives 生命 leaff leaves 樹葉shelff shelves 架子 halffhalves 一半(2)cut off 意為“切除，切斷”，是由“動(dòng)詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的短語。后跟代詞時(shí)，代詞應(yīng)放于cut 和 off 之間。. cut off the wire 切斷電線cut it/them off 把它 /它們切斷(3)拓展：與cut 有關(guān)的短語：cut up 切碎cut down 砍倒cut in l

34、ine 插隊(duì)cut- in two/half 把切成兩半cut- into pieces把切成碎片that 以便，為了(1)so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句謂語動(dòng)詞常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may/might/can/could等。.We went early so that we could get good seat時(shí)了 占至U好座位，我們早早就去了。例題：I looked through my test paper again and again I wouldn t make anymistakes.A. soB. becauseC. so that答案 :C 因此；因?yàn)?；為了句意：為了不?huì)出

35、現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，我把試卷檢查了一遍又一遍。(2)so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，當(dāng)主句主語與從句主語一致時(shí)，可用“so as to (inorder to)+動(dòng)詞原形”轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句。. He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.=He got up early in order to/so as to catch the early bus為了趕早班公交車他起床很早。(3)so that 還可以與in order that 互換。. He worked day and night so that/in order that he cou

36、ld succeed.他夜以繼日地工作為的是成功。(4)sothat 表示“如此以至于”引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。. The boy is so young that he can t go to school.這個(gè)男孩太小還不能去上學(xué)。v. 意思是；打算；意欲(1)mean 用作動(dòng)詞，意為“意思是”，后面可以跟that 從句。.Do you mean that its none of my business你的意思是它與我無關(guān)嗎 (2)拓展： mean 名詞形式為meaning， 意為 “含義； 意思” ， 常用句型：What s the meaningof。該句型可與 What does/dome

37、an進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。. Whats the meaning of the word=What does the word mean這個(gè)單詞是什么意思mean to do打算做 . I mean to go tomorrow， but my father will not allow me to.我打算明天去，但我父親不會(huì)允許我去。 mean doing意味著做 . Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味著浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。n. 決定；抉擇decision 常用于短語 make a decision/decisions意為 “作決定”。make a decision t

38、o do sth.=decide to do sth.=make up onW mind to do sth.決定做某 事。.He made a decision/decided to go to New York finally1后他決定去紐約。例題：It was very hard for me to make a , but I decided to leave my job.A. invitation B. decision C. plan D. discussion答案 :B 邀請；決定；計(jì)劃；討論。句意:對于我來說做出決定很難，但我決定辭職。n.& v. 限制；約束；管理(

39、1)be in control of為固定短語，意為“管理；掌管”。.A teacher must be in control of his clas造師必須掌控好自己的課堂。Whos in control of the project 誰是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人(2)拓展:control 的其他相關(guān)短語：under control 在控制之下out of control 失去控制.Everything is under control.一切在控制之下。例題：The car was out of and hit a tree by the road.A. danger B. breath C. co

40、ntrol D. practice答案 :C out of danger 脫離危險(xiǎn)；out of breath 上氣不接下氣；out of cont 失控；out of practice 疏于練習(xí)。on doing 繼續(xù)、重復(fù)做 . Don t keep on interrupting me. 別老是跟我打岔。(1)句型：keep doing sth.一直做某事. Keep smiling保持微笑。keep sb. doing sth讓某人一直做某事. I'm sorry to keep you waiting 對不起讓你久等了。keep on doing sth繼續(xù)/重復(fù)做某事. H

41、e kept on sitting down and standing up他重復(fù)坐下又站起來。(2)英語中后接doing 作賓語的詞(組 )：完成練習(xí)值得忙finish， practice， be worth， be busy繼續(xù)習(xí)慣放棄keep on， be used to， give up考慮建議不禁想consider， suggest， can t help， feel like喜歡思念要介意enjoy， miss， mindof 由于（1）辨析： because 接從句. He is absent because he is 川 todays今天缺席，因?yàn)樗×?。because of

42、接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞. He is absent today because of his 川nes他今天缺席，因?yàn)樗×?。例題：We didn t have a sports meeting yesterday the heavy rain.A. because B. unless C. because of D. across from答案 :C 句意：因?yàn)橄麓笥辏蛱煳覀儧]有開運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。介詞of 之后應(yīng)跟名詞。（2）because（3為）和so（所以）不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)英語句子中，只用其一，類似的 詞還有although（雖然）和but（但是）。. Although he was tire

43、d， he still worked hard.=He was tired, but he still worked hard.雖然他很累了，但他仍然努力工作。up 放棄（1）后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing 形式。. You shouldri t give up running. 你不應(yīng)該放棄跑步。例題：You should smoking. Its really bad for your health.A. put up B. give up C. get up D. set up答案:B搭建；放棄；起床；建立。句意:你應(yīng)該放棄吸煙 吸煙真的有害身體健康。(2)up在此短語中是副詞，故give up與代詞連用時(shí)，代詞需放中間。.I find it too difficult to learn English well. I want to give it up.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語很難。我想放棄它。(3)拓展:give其他相關(guān)短語：give away贈(zèng)送give back歸還； 恢復(fù) give in屈服give off6出；放出 give out分發(fā)12.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法(1)should ”應(yīng)