山東師范大學(xué)大外語(yǔ)教育學(xué)院

1、山東師范大學(xué)大學(xué)外語(yǔ)教育學(xué)院山東師范大學(xué)大學(xué)外語(yǔ)教育學(xué)院book fourunit threegender differencesgender differences preparation reading-centered activities in-class reading after-class reading further development writing and translation preparation task 1 an interesting bible story task 2 whats the difference? task 3 womens career

2、 task 4 a song of romance it is said that the first thing we ask of a new-born baby is is it a boy or a girl? but it might be considered that this is the first thing we ask ourselves whenever we meet anyone new. perhaps this is why we find it so threatening if the cues are uncertain or ambiguous, an

3、d even more so if we find our first assumptions turn out to be incorrect. that is the concept of gender differences in peoples mind.task 1 an interesting bible storyndirections: do you know how man and woman were made according to the bible which is very influential in the western culture? share you

4、r information with your partners.samplengod took some clay from the ground and made the shape of a man. then he breathed gently into the shape. the mans eyes opened and he began to live. god called him adam. the lord made a beautiful garden for him to live in. the garden, called eden, was full of ma

5、ny wonderful things. beautiful flowers grew everywhere. birds sang in the trees, streams flowed through the valley and animals roamed across the fields. god hade made the man in his image to keep him company and look after the world. god brought all the animals to adam one at a time to be given thei

6、r names. elephant, he would say, or tiger, or porcupine. sample but god felt sorry for adam. none of these animals is really like him, thought god, he needs someone to share his life. someone who cares for him and who he can care for.that night, god took a rib from adams side and made a woman. when

7、adam awoke the following morning, he found a wife, eve, lying asleep beside him. adam was so happy. he took her hand and she woke up. she looked up at him and smiled.task 2 whats the difference?ndirections: what is the difference between men and women in your opinion? express your ideas to the class

8、. you may use the following words.words and phrases men: aggressive nature, seldom express feelings, strong and full of vigor, independent, tough and courageous, not bothered by trivial matters, less care about their appearance or looks, make a decision promptly, more dominating, tend to be calm and

9、 cool women: quiet, neat and clean, like to talk, shy and timid, strong need for security, pay attention to their appearance or looks, more sensitive, intuitive, passionate, fashion-aware samplenmen are different from women. that would seem to be self-evident. they are different in aptitude, skill a

10、nd behaviornin general, men are taller and heavier than women. in sports, men tend to outperform women in strength and speed. women seem to have greater endurance. in spite of many attempts, sports have never become completely unisex.nwomen are more sociable, more nurturing, more compliant and have

11、lower self-esteem, are hard to sustain samplenanother is that girls tend to pick up auditory information while boys do better visually. several studies suggested that, from school age on, boys outperformed girls in areas of mathematics involving abstract concepts of space, relationships and theorynm

12、en, it is said, are generally more aggressive, physically and verbally, and enjoy taking risks. they play fighting games and enjoy dares. more men than women are convicted for crimes, especially crimes of violence.task 3 womens careerndirections: watch the following video and talk about the question

13、s:n1. what are womens roles?n2. why was marilyn confused?n3. how did marilyn finally decide?n4. if you were her, what would be your decision?task 3 womens careertask 4 a song of romancendirections: men and women have a lot of differences. maybe because of these differences, they are attracted by eac

14、h other. that is how love happens. enjoy a song-ocean deep, and sing along.nlove, cant you see im alone?cant you give this fool a chance?a little love is all i ask. a little kindness in the night.please dont leave me behind. no, dont tell me love is blind.a little love is all i ask and that is all.o

15、oh love, ive been searching so long.ive been searching high and low.a little love is all i ask. a little sadness when youre gone.maybe you need a friend, only please dont lets pretend.a little love is all i ask and that is all.i wanna spread my wings,but i just cant fly as a string of pearls.pretty

16、girls go sailing by.task 4 a romance songnocean deep,im so afraid to show my feelings.i have sailed a million sealings and a solitary rule.ocean deep,will i ever find a lover? maybe she had found another.and as i cry myself to sleep,i know this love of mine, ill keep. ocean deep.musiclove, cant you

17、hear when i call?cant you hear a word i say?a little love is all i ask. a little feeling when we touch.why am i still alone? ive got a heart without a home.a little love is all i ask and that is all.task 4 a romance songni wanna spread my wings,but i just cant fly as a string of pearls.pretty girls

18、go sailing by.ocean deep, im so afraid to show my feelings.i have sailed a million sealings and a solitary rule.ocean deep, will i ever find a lover?maybe she had found another.and as i cry myself to sleep,i know this love of mine, ill keep. ocean deep.im so lonely lonely lonely.(baby, baby, ocean d

19、eep)on my own, in my room. im so lonely lonely.(ocean deep)im so lonely, oh so lonely. this love of mine ill keep. task 4 a romance songreading-centered activities in-class reading after-class readingtask 1 in-class readinggender roles from a cultural perspective by joan young greggtask 1 in-class r

20、eadingnpre-reading questionsnnew words and phrasesntext structurenlanguage stylenlanguage pointsnsummary of the textpre-reading questions nsample n sample 2.is there any gender-bias in education? if so, whats the situation? can you give an example to illustrate it? new words and phrases1. appropriat

21、ely adv. ncorrectly, suitably for a particular time, situation, or purpose 合適地，恰當(dāng)?shù)豱examplenhis formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion. n他正式的說(shuō)話風(fēng)格很適合這個(gè)場(chǎng)合。2. approve v. n1）have a positive opinion of 認(rèn)可，贊許nexamplena) i dont approve of smoking in public places. 我不我不贊同贊同在公共場(chǎng)合吸煙。在公共場(chǎng)合吸煙。

22、b) marys parents now approve of her marriage. 瑪麗的父母現(xiàn)在瑪麗的父母現(xiàn)在同意同意她的婚事了。她的婚事了。2. approve v.n2）officially accept a plan, proposal, etc 批準(zhǔn)nexamplenthe medical research council said it could not approve the use of the new drug without further tests.n醫(yī)學(xué)研究委員會(huì)聲稱在沒(méi)有進(jìn)一步試驗(yàn)的情況醫(yī)學(xué)研究委員會(huì)聲稱在沒(méi)有進(jìn)一步試驗(yàn)的情況下，不會(huì)下，不會(huì)批準(zhǔn)批準(zhǔn)使用新

23、藥。使用新藥。3. gender n.nthe physical or social condition of being male or female 性別（強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)性別）性別（強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)性別）nexamplena) sometimes gender differences will result in some social problems. n有時(shí)候有時(shí)候性別差異性別差異會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些社會(huì)問(wèn)題會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些社會(huì)問(wèn)題 。nb) gender inequality should not be ignored in todays society. n性別不平等性別不平等在當(dāng)今社會(huì)是不容忽視的問(wèn)題。在當(dāng)

24、今社會(huì)是不容忽視的問(wèn)題。同義詞比較同義詞比較 sexnn. the condition of being either male or female; the set of all male or female people 性別性別, 男性或女性男性或女性 （強(qiáng)調(diào)生理性別）（強(qiáng)調(diào)生理性別）nexamplena) 男性男性 male sex 女性女性 female sexnb) in the space marked “sex”, put an “m” for male or an “f” for female.n 請(qǐng)?jiān)谡?qǐng)?jiān)谛詣e性別一欄填代表男性的字母一欄填代表男性的字母”m”或代表女性或代表

25、女性 的字母的字母”f”。3. constitute v.n1) combine to form; make up 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成nexamplena) 一般情況下，一年一般情況下，一年有有365天。天。three taiwan girls, selina, hebe and ella, constitute popular girl band “s.h.e”. n 三個(gè)臺(tái)灣女孩兒，三個(gè)臺(tái)灣女孩兒，selina, hebe和和ella, 組組成了成了流行女子演唱組流行女子演唱組“s.h.e”。3. constitute v.2) formally establish an organization,

26、 institution, government, etc. 設(shè)立，建立設(shè)立，建立 examplena) the us federal reserve board was constituted in 1913. n 美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備委員會(huì)美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備委員會(huì)成立于成立于1913年。年。nb) chinese consumers association is an organization constituted to protect the legal rights of chinese consumers.n 中國(guó)消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)中國(guó)消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)成立成立的宗旨是保護(hù)中國(guó)消費(fèi)者的宗旨是保護(hù)中國(guó)消費(fèi)者 的權(quán)

27、益的權(quán)益4. assign v.ngive someone a particular job or make them responsible for a particular person or thing 分配，分派，指派（任務(wù)）分配，分派，指派（任務(wù)）nexamplena) 分派分派給她的工作是照顧無(wú)家可歸的孩子。給她的工作是照顧無(wú)家可歸的孩子。n she has been assigned the job of looking after the homeless children. nb) after completing the task successfully, his bro

28、ther was assigned another challenging job.n 在成功地完成了那項(xiàng)任務(wù)之后，他的哥哥被在成功地完成了那項(xiàng)任務(wù)之后，他的哥哥被分派分派了了 另外一項(xiàng)有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作。另外一項(xiàng)有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作。n assignment n. a duty or piece of work that is given to a n particular person n (分派的分派的)任務(wù)任務(wù), 指定的指定的(課外課外)作業(yè)作業(yè)5. subordination n. ninferiority; an inferior or secondary status 從屬，次要地位從屬，

29、次要地位 examplena) we should learn from his subordination of his own wishes to the childrens welfare.服從于服從于nb) male domination and female subordination, to some degree, still exist in many aspects of social lives.卑卑subordinate v(1) v. (+to) （常與（常與to連用）使居次要地位；隸屬連用）使居次要地位；隸屬(2) adj. (+to) （常與（常與to連用）次要的連

30、用）次要的, 從屬的從屬的, 下級(jí)的下級(jí)的(3) n. 下屬，下級(jí)下屬，下級(jí)the prefix sub- has four meanings: n1. under e.g. subway n2. secondary, lower in rank e.g. subculture n3. not quite e.g. subnormal n4. (used with adj. v. ) secondary repetition e.g. subdivide 6. call on n1. ask (students) to answer questions 要求要求n the teacher al

31、ways called on her first.n 老師總是老師總是要求要求她先回答問(wèn)題。她先回答問(wèn)題。 n2. make a short visit to 拜訪，探望拜訪，探望n i shall call on him tomorrow.n 我明天會(huì)去我明天會(huì)去拜訪拜訪他。他。n3. appeal to or urge sb. (to do sth.) n 呼吁，號(hào)召，敦促（某人做某事）呼吁，號(hào)召，敦促（某人做某事）n they called on the workers of the country to support the strike.n 他們他們呼吁呼吁全國(guó)的工人都來(lái)支持罷工。

32、全國(guó)的工人都來(lái)支持罷工。7. put awayn 1. move sth. into the place in which it is usually kept 放好，收好放好，收好 n come on, its time to put these toys away. n 來(lái)，該把玩具來(lái)，該把玩具放起來(lái)放起來(lái)了。n 2. save (money) to use later 儲(chǔ)存，貯存儲(chǔ)存，貯存n he has a good sum of money put away for his old age.n 他他存了存了大筆的錢以備年紀(jì)大了用大筆的錢以備年紀(jì)大了用。 text structure1

33、. introduction (para. 1)1. introduction (para. 1)1. introduction (para. 1)1. introduction (para. 1)1. introduction (para. 1)2. development (para. 2-4)2. development (para. 2-4)2. development (para. 2-4)2. development (para. 2-4)3. conclusion (para. 5)3. conclusion (para. 5)3. conclusion (para. 5)lan

34、guage stylenthe frequency of long sentences in this passage impresses the readers formal and authoritative, brings on an effect of logic in argumentation, strictness in thought, and exactness in expression. language points1. over the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the va

35、rious types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. (line 1)nit has been proven ( innumerable times ) that 被（無(wú)數(shù)次）證明被（無(wú)數(shù)次）證明ntranslationna) it has been proven that the universe is expanding. 宇宙在增大的說(shuō)法宇宙在增大的說(shuō)法已經(jīng)被證實(shí)了已經(jīng)

36、被證實(shí)了。 b)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)已證明已證明吸煙可以引起很多疾病。吸煙可以引起很多疾病。 now it has been proven that smoking can cause many diseases.pattern v.nform the character, qualities, etc., (of oneself) by copying 形成形成的性格的性格/品品質(zhì)，學(xué)質(zhì)，學(xué)的樣的樣ntranslationnhe patterned himself after a man he admired. 他以一個(gè)他欽佩的人為自己他以一個(gè)他欽佩的人為自己模仿的榜樣模仿的榜樣。 2. as a matt

37、er of fact, in the late 1960s, when many of the best all womens college in the northeastern united states opened their doors to male students, it was observed by professors and women students alike that the boys were “taking over” the classroom discussions and that active participation by women stud

38、ents had diminished noticeably. (line 18)1）alike: in the same way nthe climate here is always hot, summer and winter alike. n這里的天氣總是很熱，夏天這樣，冬天這里的天氣總是很熱，夏天這樣，冬天也一樣也一樣。2） were “taking over” the classroom discussionsncontinuous tense used here indicates the male students gradual control of the discussi

39、on.3. research done by the sadkers showed that sometimes teachers unknowingly prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class by assigning them different tasks in accordance with stereotyped gender roles.(line24) nstereotyped: (often in derogatory sense) (of images, ideas, characters

40、, etc.) fixed, unchanging or standardized （指形象、思想、（指形象、思想、人物等）模式化的，無(wú)個(gè)性的人物等）模式化的，無(wú)個(gè)性的ntranslationn在各種廣告中，總是有在各種廣告中，總是有千篇一律千篇一律的女性形象。的女性形象。nstereotyped images of women always appear in various advertisements.4. “比較”表示法1）asas 和和一樣；像一樣；像一樣一樣 a) electromagnetic waves travel as fast as light. 電磁波的傳播速度與光電磁

41、波的傳播速度與光一樣快一樣快。 b) light that is too bright is just as harmful to our eyes as light that is too dim. 光線太亮就像光線太弱光線太亮就像光線太弱一樣對(duì)眼睛有害一樣對(duì)眼睛有害。4. “比較”表示法2）no more than 不比不比多多 a) this material is no more elastic than that one. 這種材料并這種材料并不比不比哪一種哪一種更更有彈性有彈性。 b) our village is no less beautiful than this pictu

42、re. 我們村莊的美我們村莊的美并不遜色于并不遜色于這幅畫這幅畫。 4. “比較”表示法3）the sameas, the same as 像像一樣，與一樣，與相同相同 a) this machine is exactly the same in design as the other one. 這臺(tái)機(jī)器與另一臺(tái)在設(shè)計(jì)上這臺(tái)機(jī)器與另一臺(tái)在設(shè)計(jì)上是完全是完全 一樣的一樣的。 b) although he tried another method, he arrived at the same conclusion as we had. 雖然他嘗試了另外一種方式，但雖然他嘗試了另外一種方式，但得到

43、的結(jié)得到的結(jié) 論論與我們與我們一樣一樣。summary of the textnin the american education process, it has been experimented to prove that sexual discrimination has been existed in education, in which boys are more favored than girls. in this way, society enhances its established values and that each gender should be in its

44、 traditional and expected mold. this phenomenon prevents the education process being successful all over the world. task 2 after-class readingnsummary of passage insummary of passage iipassage iboys are teachers pets ndale spender, a lecturer at the london university institute of education, argues i

45、n her book that discrimination against girls is typical of co-educational schools. teachers spend less time with girls in class than with boys. moreover, teachers set double standards of treatment towards girls and boys. girls are criticized for challenging teachers, ignored when seeking attention,

46、despised for their work and considered unladylike if they behave like boys. hence, spender suggests that boys and girls be separated within schools for certain subjects.passage iiwhat kind of brain do you have?naccording to this passage, the brain type can be divided into three types: type e means e

47、mpathizing is stronger than systemizing; type s means systemizing is stronger than empathizing; and type b means empathizing and systemizing are balanced. on average, more males than females have a brain of type s, and more females than males have a brain of type e. the author provides a lot of evid

48、ence to prove the theory. but both sexes have their strengths and their weaknesses. neither sex is superior overall.further development task 1 ndirections: read the poem by alfred tennyson (1809-1892) carefully. work in groups and answer the questions below.nman for the field and woman for the heart

49、h (爐邊, 喻家庭) man for the sword and for the needle she man with the head and woman with the heart man to command and woman to obey; all else confusion. from the princess (1847)1) how does tennyson see the roles of men and women? explain his poem in your own words. you may begin your explanation with:

50、nhis poem tells us that man works in the field while woman should stay at home. man 2) do you agree with him?sample 1nman for the field and woman for the hearth (爐邊, 喻家庭) man for the sword and for the needle she man with the head and woman with the heart man to command and woman to obey; all else co

51、nfusion. from the princess (1847)the poem can be paraphrased as follows:nmen should work in the field and women in the house;nmen should be trained to fight and women to mend and sew;nmen are motivated by the intellect and women by the heart;nmen are meant to give orders and women to obey orders;nif

52、 the roles arent divided this way, there will be confusion.sample 2 no, i dont agree with tennyson. the roles arent as clearly defined nowadays. his description is old fashioned.task 2 ndirections: if you had to choose between a single-sex class and a co-educational one, which one would you prefer t

53、o be taught in? do you think it makes any difference? justify your answer.sample 1na single-sex class is preferable becausensensitive topics can be discussed;nwhen boys are not around, we can have more opportunities to express ourselves / when girls are around, there are too many distractions;nthere

54、 wouldnt be gender biased education. sample 2na co-educational class is preferable becausensome students become bolder in the company of students of the opposite sex;nwe dont have to pretend to be male / female when role playing;nit would be boring to have only boys or only girls in class.writing an

55、d translation task 1 writing task 2 translation practicetask 1 writingndirections: follow the procedure to conduct a survey to find out the students view of the topic: who are teachers pets, boys or girls? the procedure1. design a written questionnaire.2. interview at least 30 students.3. write a re

56、port of your survey, analyzing the answers of the respondents to your questions both in the questionnaire and the interview. your report should be no less than 120 words. remember to write neatly, whether you are male or female.sample to answer this question, we designed a questionnaire and gave it

57、to 30 students. they just had to put a mark in the square that corresponded to their opinion. we then analyzed the results of our survey. the results of the survey are shown in the following chart:samplewho are teachers pets?boys girls in primary schoolin junior middle schoolin senior middle schoolin college61015 42011 6 4samplein primary schoolin junior middle schoolin senior middle schoolin college 235 16 264 6 sample according to the results of the