Ancient---Chinese---Philosophy中國(guó)古代哲學(xué)

1、Name :Student number:Topic: Ancient Chinese PhilosophyChinese Philosophy Confucianism and Daoism Chinese tradition, culture, religion and historical development are greatly influenced by the philosophy of Confucianism, Daoism, two great indigenous philosophical traditions of China.Confucianism emerg

2、ed between the 6th through 5th century BC. Its founder, Confucius, expanded upon ancient Chinese concepts of humanism. He emphasized the value of the individual, the cultivation of personal ethics, and the importance of moral character. The concepts of benevolence was the centre of Confucianism, and

3、 became the foundation of mainstream Chinese culture. As a teacher, Confucius taught altogether 3,000 students. The landmark of Confucianism is the Analects, which was written by his disciples after his death.“the person who learns but does not think is lost. the person who thinks but does not learn

4、 is in great danger” Confucius(學(xué)而不思則罔，思而不學(xué)則殆）Portrait of Confucius (551-479 BC)仁仁 義義 禮禮 智智 信信 Benevolence, to be humanity, mercy and kindness;Justness, to be righteousness ;Rituals, custom and law, to be polite;Wisdom, to be knowledgeable and well educated;royalty, faithful，reliable，accountable, res

5、ponsible, creditable. RenRen(仁): Confucius defines it as “Airen”(愛人），that is , to love others.The Chinese character “仁”（benevolence) consists of “a person （人）” on the left and “two(二)” on the right indicating the relationship between people.Daoist philosophy teaches that although all things exist in

6、 a state of transformation, they also possess an underlying order. This constantly changing, self-balancing order is known as the Dao, or the Way. Daoism “道可道，非常道” “the Dao that can be told of or illustrated is not the same as the Dao that can not be told of or explained”Stone carving of Laozi, Spri

7、ng and Autumn Period (770-476 BC)Dao a road, the way or the method, the law, the principle people must follow. Dao Dao is the essence and ultimate end of all things ,and it is the process of reality itself, the way things come together while they are still transforming . DaoDao is a kind of constant

8、, universal principle that underlies all phenomenon. De De virtue or quality, and it is the whole of the spontaneity(自發(fā)性) or naturalness of the world derived from DaoDao Laozi held, “daodao produces a thing ; DeDe maintains it ” zhuang zi believed “that which things get in order to live is call DeDe

9、”example: remote and nearThe opposing things are unified.Being and non-being Have and non-haveSuccess and failure WuweiWuwei “non-doing” does not mean “doing nothing”, but means “to do or act naturally”. Daoism has been influential in all aspects of Chinese culture, for example Chinese astrology（占星術(shù)）, fengshu