自動(dòng)售郵票機(jī)的控制電路設(shè)計(jì)務(wù)實(shí)運(yùn)用

1、題目：自動(dòng)售郵票機(jī)的控制電路設(shè)計(jì) 用兩個(gè)發(fā)光二極管分別模擬售出面值為6角和8角的郵票，購買者可以通過開關(guān)選擇一種一種面值的郵票，燈亮表示郵票售出，用開關(guān)分別模擬1角、5角和1元硬幣投入，用發(fā)光二極管分別代表找回的剩余的硬幣，每次只能售出一枚郵票，當(dāng)所投硬幣達(dá)到或超過購買者所選面值時(shí)，售出一枚郵票，并找回剩余的硬幣，回到初始狀態(tài)；當(dāng)所投硬幣值不足面值時(shí)，可以通過一個(gè)復(fù)位鍵退回所投硬幣，回到初始狀態(tài)。eda實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告 題 目：自動(dòng)售郵票機(jī)的控制電路設(shè)計(jì) 班 級： 姓 名： 指導(dǎo)教師： 完成時(shí)間： 2011-5-30 1、 設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)與要求用兩個(gè)發(fā)光二極管分別模擬售出面值為6角和8角的郵票，購買者可

2、以通過開關(guān)選擇一種一種面值的郵票，燈亮表示郵票售出，用開關(guān)分別模擬1角、5角和1元硬幣投入，用發(fā)光二極管分別代表找回的剩余的硬幣，每次只能售出一枚郵票，當(dāng)所投硬幣達(dá)到或超過購買者所選面值時(shí)，售出一枚郵票，并找回剩余的硬幣，回到初始狀態(tài)；當(dāng)所投硬幣值不足面值時(shí)，可以通過一個(gè)復(fù)位鍵退回所投硬幣，回到初始狀態(tài)。2、 設(shè)計(jì)方案找零 1、整體方框圖判決電路脈沖發(fā)生器復(fù)位電路輸入電路 售出郵票 2、設(shè)計(jì)原理利用狀態(tài)機(jī)模擬輸入累加的錢的總數(shù)，通過判決電路對輸入的錢的總值進(jìn)行判斷，根據(jù)判斷結(jié)果做出售票、找零、復(fù)位等相應(yīng)的動(dòng)作。而對狀態(tài)機(jī)得應(yīng)用應(yīng)注意其設(shè)計(jì)步驟：a 邏輯抽象。分析給定的邏輯問題，搞清楚輸入和輸出

3、，通常取原因或者條件為輸入，結(jié)果為輸出。然后定義輸入輸出邏輯狀態(tài)和每個(gè)電路狀態(tài)的含義，并對電路各個(gè)狀態(tài)進(jìn)行排序和它們之間的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系搞清楚。這個(gè)過程非常需要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)務(wù)實(shí)的作風(fēng)，因?yàn)槎x電路的狀態(tài)的優(yōu)劣會(huì)影響你的整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)。如果大方向都沒有搞好，接下來的設(shè)計(jì)會(huì)變得艱難，甚至走入死角。到時(shí)候又回過頭來重新定義分析。b 通過從實(shí)際問題分析出來的時(shí)序問題，通過畫出狀態(tài)圖一目了然搞清楚它們之間的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系。并對狀態(tài)圖進(jìn)行化簡優(yōu)化。對在相同的輸入下有相同輸出，并轉(zhuǎn)換到同樣一個(gè)次態(tài)的。要進(jìn)行合并，這樣設(shè)計(jì)出來的狀態(tài)機(jī)會(huì)更簡單，高效。 3、 設(shè)計(jì)思路利用狀態(tài)機(jī)，分別模擬所輸入的錢的累積值，根據(jù)輸入的錢的面值的不同，進(jìn)入

4、不同的次態(tài)，在各個(gè)不同的狀態(tài)下，又通過比較所輸入的錢的總值與所選郵票的面值，做出售出郵票并找出相應(yīng)的零錢。在下述實(shí)驗(yàn)原理中，進(jìn)程一為脈沖發(fā)生電路，不斷的通過脈沖變化來掃描是否有相應(yīng)的輸入。進(jìn)程二是狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換，將次態(tài)的值重新付給現(xiàn)態(tài)，不斷的改變現(xiàn)有狀態(tài)。進(jìn)程三中，首先判斷了是選擇的何種面值的郵票，而且在復(fù)位信號沒有被按下的情況下對所售面值為六毛的郵票進(jìn)行了分析處理，從剛開始輸入為零時(shí)，根據(jù)輸入不同的面值的錢來判斷下一個(gè)狀態(tài)是什么，并且對在每個(gè)相應(yīng)狀態(tài)下應(yīng)該做什么進(jìn)行了指明，例如如果剛開始輸入了一毛，則由初始狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)到輸入了一毛的這個(gè)狀態(tài)，如果此時(shí)繼續(xù)輸入錢，根據(jù)輸入的面值進(jìn)入下一個(gè)對應(yīng)狀態(tài)，而如果此

5、時(shí)按下復(fù)位信號，則找出這一毛錢，當(dāng)然這時(shí)是不會(huì)售出郵票的，同時(shí)現(xiàn)態(tài)恢復(fù)為初始狀態(tài)在選購六毛郵票的情況下，設(shè)投幣初始狀態(tài)為st0，如果投入一枚一毛硬幣為（累積一毛）st1, 如果投入一枚五毛硬幣為（累積五毛）st5，如果投入一枚一元硬幣則輸出一枚郵票并且找零四毛且次態(tài)重新定義為初始狀態(tài)st0；在st1狀態(tài)下如果再次輸入一枚一毛硬幣（累計(jì)兩毛）為st2，如果投入一枚五毛硬幣（累計(jì)六毛）則輸出一枚郵票且次態(tài)重新定義為初始狀態(tài)st0，如果投入一枚一元硬幣（累計(jì)一塊一）則輸出一枚郵票并且找零五毛且次態(tài)重新定義為初始狀態(tài)st0；在st2狀態(tài)下如果再次輸入一枚一毛硬幣（累計(jì)三毛）為st3，如果投入一枚五毛硬

6、幣（累計(jì)七毛）則輸出一枚郵票并且找零一毛且次態(tài)重新定義為初始狀態(tài)st0，如果投入一枚一元硬幣（累計(jì)一塊二）則輸出一枚郵票并且找零六毛且次態(tài)重新定義為初始狀態(tài)st0；在st3狀態(tài)下如果再次輸入一枚一毛硬幣（累計(jì)四毛）為st4，如果投入一枚五毛硬幣（累計(jì)八毛）則輸出一枚郵票并且找零兩毛且次態(tài)重新定義為初始狀態(tài)st0，如果投入一枚一元硬幣（累計(jì)一塊三）則輸出一枚郵票并且找零七毛且次態(tài)重新定義為初始狀態(tài)st0；在st4狀態(tài)下如果再次輸入一枚一毛硬幣（累計(jì)五毛）為st5，如果投入一枚五毛硬幣（累計(jì)九毛）則輸出一枚郵票并且找零三毛且次態(tài)重新定義為初始狀態(tài)st0，如果投入一枚一元硬幣（累計(jì)一塊四）則輸出一枚

7、郵票并且找零八毛且次態(tài)重新定義為初始狀態(tài)st0；在st5狀態(tài)下如果再次輸入一枚一毛硬幣（累計(jì)六毛）則輸出一枚郵票并且態(tài)重新定義為初始狀態(tài)st0，如果投入一枚五毛硬幣（累計(jì)一元）則輸出一枚郵票并且找零四毛且次態(tài)重新定義為初始狀態(tài)st0，如果投入一枚一元硬幣（累計(jì)一塊五）則輸出一枚郵票并且找零九毛且次態(tài)重新定義為初始狀態(tài)st0。如果選擇的郵票面值為八毛，七基本原理和六毛面值郵票的一樣，在這里就不贅述了。如果在累計(jì)錢數(shù)小于郵票面值的情況下按下復(fù)位鍵，這時(shí)找零端口的輸出為此時(shí)的錢的總和，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)退錢是通過在每個(gè)狀態(tài)下定義了兩個(gè)找零信號，在為按復(fù)位鍵的情況下是將信號sig_zhao賦值給找零信號端口，而

8、在按下復(fù)位鍵的情況下，找零信號端口的輸出為zhaore這個(gè)信號的值，而這兩個(gè)信號的值在不同狀態(tài)下有相應(yīng)的不同的值，根據(jù)以上思路我們便可以進(jìn)行程序的編寫了。4 實(shí)驗(yàn)程序 library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity zidong isport ( reset : in std_logic; -復(fù)位信號clk,liu,ba : in std_logic; -inym,inwm,inyy : in std_logic; -錢輸入端口you : out std_logic; -郵票出口zh

9、ao : out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); -找錢出口end zidong;architecture behav of zidong istype states is (st0,st1,st2,st3,st4,st5,st6,st7);-狀態(tài)定義signal yimao,wumao,yikuai : std_logic; -錢輸入信號signal sig_you : std_logic;-輸出對應(yīng)信號signal sig_zhao : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);-找零對應(yīng)信號signal zhaore :std_logic_ve

10、ctor(3 downto 0);-復(fù)位時(shí)的找零signal current_state : states;-現(xiàn)態(tài)signal next_state : states;-次態(tài)beginp1 :process(clk) -將輸入送相應(yīng)的信號beginif clk'event and clk='1' thenyimao <= inym;wumao <= inwm;yikuai <=inyy;end if;end process p1;p2 :process(reset,clk)-次態(tài)給現(xiàn)態(tài)beginif reset = '1' then c

11、urrent_state <= st0;elsif clk'event and clk='1' thencurrent_state <= next_state;end if;end process p2;p3 :process(clk,current_state,next_state,yimao,wumao,yikuai)-狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換beginif reset ='1' then sig_zhao<=zhaore;next_state<=st0;-復(fù)位找錢elsif liu='1'thencase current_s

12、tate iswhen st0 => zhaore<="0000" -狀態(tài)s0if yimao = '1' then -輸入1毛 sig_you <= '0'-不出郵票 sig_zhao <= "0000"-不找錢 next_state <= st1;-次態(tài)為st1 elsif wumao = '1' then-輸入5毛 sig_you <= '1'-出郵票sig_zhao <= "0000"-不找錢next_state <

13、= st5;-次態(tài)為st5elsif yikuai ='1' then -輸入1塊sig_you <= '1'-出郵票sig_zhao <= "0100"-找4毛next_state <= st0; -次態(tài)為st0elsesig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"-不輸入 都不變next_state <= st0;end if;when st1 => zhaore<="0001" ;if yimao = '1&

14、#39; thensig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st2;elsif wumao = '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st0;elsif yikuai = '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "0101"next_state <= st0

15、;elsesig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st1;end if;when st2 => zhaore<="0010"if yimao = '1' thensig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st3;elsif wumao = '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao &

16、lt;= "0001"next_state <= st0;elsif yikuai = '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "0110"next_state <= st0;elsesig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st2;end if;when st3 => zhaore<="0011"if yimao = '1

17、9; thensig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st4;elsif wumao= '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "0010"next_state <= st0;elsif yikuai= '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "0111"next_state <= st0;els

18、esig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st3;end if;when st4 =>zhaore<="0100" if yimao = '1' thensig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st5;elsif wumao= '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <=

19、"0011"next_state <= st0;elsif yikuai= '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "1000"next_state <= st0;elsesig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st4;end if;when st5 => zhaore<="0101"if yimao = '1' the

20、nsig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st0;elsif wumao= '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "0100"next_state <= st0;elsif yikuai= '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "1001"next_state <= st0;elsesig_y

21、ou <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st5;end if;when others => null;-其他狀態(tài) 空操作end case;elsif ba='1'then-選擇8毛的郵票case current_state iswhen st0 => zhaore<="0000" -狀態(tài)s0if yimao = '1' then -輸入1毛 sig_you <= '0'-不出郵票 sig_zhao <=

22、 "0000"-不找錢 next_state <= st1;-次態(tài)為st1 elsif wumao = '1' then-輸入5毛 sig_you <= '0'-不出郵票sig_zhao <= "0000"-不找錢next_state <= st5;-次態(tài)為st5elsif yikuai ='1' then -輸入1塊sig_you <= '1'-出郵票sig_zhao <= "0010"-找2毛next_state <= st0

23、; -次態(tài)為st0elsesig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"-不輸入 都不變next_state <= st0;end if;when st1 => zhaore<="0001" ;if yimao = '1' thensig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st2;elsif wumao = '1' thensig_you <= 

24、9;0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st6;elsif yikuai = '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "0011"next_state <= st0;elsesig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st1;end if;when st2 => zhaore<="0010"if

25、 yimao = '1' thensig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st3;elsif wumao = '1' thensig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st7;elsif yikuai = '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "0100"next

26、_state <= st0;elsesig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st2;end if;when st3 => zhaore<="0011"if yimao = '1' thensig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st4;elsif wumao= '1' thensig_you <= '1

27、'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st0;elsif yikuai= '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "0101"next_state <= st0;elsesig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st3;end if;when st4 =>zhaore<="0100" if yim

28、ao = '1' thensig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st5;elsif wumao= '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "0001"next_state <= st0;elsif yikuai= '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "0110"next_state

29、 <= st0;elsesig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st4;end if;when st5 => zhaore<="0101"if yimao = '1' thensig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st6;elsif wumao= '1' thensig_you <= '1's

30、ig_zhao <= "0010"next_state <= st0;elsif yikuai= '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "0111"next_state <= st0;elsesig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st5;end if;when st6 => zhaore<="0110"if yimao = &

31、#39;1' thensig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st7;elsif wumao= '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "0011"next_state <= st0;elsif yikuai= '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "1000"next_state <=

32、 st0;elsesig_you <= '0'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st6;end if;when st7 => zhaore<="0111"if yimao = '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zhao <= "0000"next_state <= st0;elsif wumao= '1' thensig_you <= '1'sig_zha