高中英語(yǔ)Unit16StoriesSectionGrammar課件

1、section grammar 探究 語(yǔ)法精要.過(guò)去完成時(shí)一、概念過(guò)去完成時(shí)的基本用法與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相似，所不同的是：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作須在現(xiàn)在以前完成，過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作須在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前完成，也就是說(shuō)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。二、構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)had動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞you abandoned the map because you had learned how to get home.你丟掉地圖，因?yàn)槟阋呀?jīng)學(xué)會(huì)如何回家。三、基本用法1表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去表示在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也就是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”?？梢杂胋y，before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、用一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作

2、以及通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。by nine oclock last night，we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200張從宇宙飛船發(fā)來(lái)的圖片。how long had mr wang taught in the middle school before he came here?王老師來(lái)這里之前，在中學(xué)教了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的書？i was very sad at his death.we had been good friends since our childhood.他的去世使我很悲傷。我們自童年時(shí)代起就是好朋友。2用于賓語(yǔ)

3、從句或間接引語(yǔ)中i wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.我想知道誰(shuí)不經(jīng)允許就把雨傘拿去了。3表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或打算，主要用于表示“愿望，打算”一類的詞，如hope，want，expect，think，suppose，plan，mean，intend等動(dòng)詞。they had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他們本打算去幫忙，但沒(méi)有及時(shí)趕到那里。 4.過(guò)去完成時(shí)用于一些固定句型中，例如this/it/that was the first/second.timet

4、hat從句(從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí))，hardly (scarcely/barely) had.done.when.和no sooner had.done.than.結(jié)構(gòu)。hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他剛開始演講，聽(tīng)眾就打斷了他。no sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他剛到就又走了。it was the third time that he had been out of work that year.這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。5過(guò)去完成時(shí)用

5、于虛擬語(yǔ)氣，在wish，as if/though，if，if only，would rather sb.had done sth.結(jié)構(gòu)或從句中，常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反。if he had caught the early bus this morning，he would not have been late for class.如果他今天早上趕上了早班車，他上課就不會(huì)遲到了。四、語(yǔ)法區(qū)別1一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；而過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一動(dòng)

6、作之前，常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。the sports meeting began at 8 am last saturday.上周六運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是上午八點(diǎn)開始的。the sports meeting had begun when we got to school.我們到學(xué)校時(shí)，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)已經(jīng)開始了。(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)都可以和確定的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同。they had done the work at five oclock.在五點(diǎn)的時(shí)候他們已經(jīng)完成了那項(xiàng)工作。they did the work at five oclock.他們是在五點(diǎn)鐘做那項(xiàng)工作的。上述第一句中只說(shuō)明工作在五點(diǎn)

7、鐘已經(jīng)完成，并未說(shuō)明工作是什么時(shí)候做的；第二句就明確告訴我們，工作是五點(diǎn)鐘做的。2過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動(dòng)作，句中不可有表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，而過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示的是過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過(guò)去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作，句中可有表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。i have finished my homework.我已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。i had finished my homework by 10：00 this morning.到今天早晨10點(diǎn)鐘我已完成了我的作業(yè)。課時(shí) 語(yǔ)法專練用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1he_(work) in the factory for fi

8、ve years before we moved here.答案：had worked2the film_(begin) when they arrived at the cinema.答案：had begun3i_(hope) to meet you at the airport，but i was caught in a traffic jam.答案：had hoped4there was a knock at the door.it was the second time someone _(interrupt) me that evening.答案：had interrupted5i_

9、(mean) to come，but something happened.答案：had meant6(四川高考改編)what a mistake!yes，i_(suggest) his doing it another way，but without success.答案：had suggested7(重慶高考改編)i felt very tired when i got home，and i _(go) straight to bed.答案：went8(新課標(biāo)卷改編)when i first met bryan i didnt like him，but i_(change) my mind

10、.答案：have changed.to have/get something done一、使役動(dòng)詞have的用法1.have sth.done一般有兩層含義：一是表示主語(yǔ)的意志致使某事發(fā)生或被做到；二是表示主語(yǔ)遭遇到不幸的事情，主語(yǔ)是受害者。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可用get代替have。i must have/get this table printed.我必須找人把表格打印出來(lái)。the girl had/got her precious musical instrument broken in the storm last sunday.上星期天，那個(gè)女孩在暴風(fēng)雨中弄壞了她珍貴的樂(lè)器。2have賓語(yǔ)不定

11、式(不帶to)該結(jié)構(gòu)表示“主動(dòng)讓某人做某事”。 i had my children clean the house before you arrived.在你們來(lái)之前，我讓孩子們把屋子打掃干凈了。3have賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞該結(jié)構(gòu)表主動(dòng)，有兩種意思：一是“使持續(xù)做某事”；二是與否定詞連用，表示“不容許某人做某事”。 every time i met her，she would have me listening to her complaints about her job.每次遇到她，她總是讓我聽(tīng)她對(duì)工作的抱怨。 i wont have you speaking to your parents l

12、ike that.我不會(huì)容忍你那樣跟你的父母說(shuō)話。二、使役動(dòng)詞get的用法1get賓語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，譯為“使被” finally i got my pay raised.最后我的工資增加了。2get賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，經(jīng)常譯為“重新開始” the captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線繼續(xù)行進(jìn)。3.get賓語(yǔ)不定式(帶to)表示主動(dòng)，意為“讓去做某事”。 i cant get him to stop smoking.我無(wú)法讓他戒煙。課時(shí) 語(yǔ)法專練用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1well soon have your car _(go) again.答案：going2i wont have my son _(do) such a thing.答案：doing3the teacher had us _(hand) in our homework on time.答案：hand4(陜西高考) claire had her luggage_(check) an hour before her plane left.答案：checked5youd better get the bad tooth _(pull) out.答案：pull