倒裝 inversion

1、倒裝 inversion 語序：一是主語在謂語之前稱為自然語序（Natural Order）；二是主語在謂語之后則稱為倒裝語序（Inverted Order）。倒裝：完全倒裝（Full Inversion）和部分倒裝（Partial Inversion）一、完全倒裝（Full Inversion）又稱全部倒裝,是指將句子中的謂語全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。1.地點副詞here, there, away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首時，其后用完全倒裝語序。Here comes the bus. There go

2、es the bell.There goes the bell.The door opened and in came Mr. Smith.注意：若主語為代詞，則不能完全倒裝Here I am.Here it comes.Away he went. 2.表示地點的狀語或表語位于句首時的倒裝為了保持句子平衡或使上下文銜接緊密，有時可將狀語或表語置于句首，句中主語和謂語完全倒裝:By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. Among these people was his friend Jim. 3. 分詞和不定式置于句首

3、的時候倒裝有時為了強調(diào)，可將謂語部分的現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞或不定式置于句首，從而構(gòu)成倒裝：Buried in the sands was an ancient village.Standing beside the table was his wife. To be carefully considered are the following questions. 二、部分倒裝（Partial Inversion）指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞倒裝至主語之前,而謂語動詞無變化。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。1. 含否定意義的詞

4、(如 never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means 等)置于句首時，其后用部分倒裝。Not until twelve oclock did she go to bed last night .Hardly does she have time to listen to music. Never have I seen read such a book. No sooner had we reached the airport tha

5、n the plane took off. 2. 含有 no 的短語置于句首時也要倒裝。（該類短語一般表示“不，絕不”等意思，如in no way, by no means, in no case, at no time, under/in no circumstances, on no condition等）By no means should you tell him about it. In (Under) no circumstances will I lend money to him.In no case should we be dishonest.注意：in no time(立

6、即，馬上)位于句首時，其后無需用倒裝語序：In no time he worked out the problem.3.only 加狀語(副詞 / 介詞短語 / 從句)放在句首時，其后用部分倒裝。Only in this way can you do it well.Only then did he realize that he was wrong. Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.4. so / neither / nor 表示前面所說的情況也適合于后者時，用“so / neither / nor+助動

7、詞+主語”這樣的倒裝句式。so用于肯定句中, neither/nor用于否定句。He can sing English songs, and so can I.He didnt see the film, and neither did I. She hasnt read it, and nor have I. 注意：該結(jié)構(gòu)與表示強調(diào)或同意的“so+主語+特殊動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別It was cold yesterday. So it was.Father, you promised. Well, so I did. 5. 當(dāng)虛擬條件句含有 were, should, had 時,可省略 if，將

8、 were, should, had 置于句首。Were I Tom(=If I were Tom), I would refuse.Had I realized that(=If I had realized that), I would have done something. Should it rain tomorrow(=If it should rain tomorrow), we would not go camping.6. 在so+形容詞(+that) 和such(+that)引出的結(jié)果狀語從句中常用部分倒裝。Such is life that everyone can un

9、derstand this. So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 7. 當(dāng)not onlybut also放于句首時常用部分倒裝。Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.8.表示祝愿及感嘆句中的部分倒裝。May you all be happy!What a powerful machine it is!9.在as和tho

10、ugh引導(dǎo)的讓步或原因狀語從句中也可以用倒裝，其結(jié)構(gòu)為名詞/形容詞/副詞/動詞原形/分詞+as / though+主語+動詞。Teacher though he is, he cant know everything. Successful as he is(=Though he is successful), he is not proud. Much as I like Paris(=Though I like Paris much), I couldnt live there.Object as you may(=Though you may object), Ill go.Rainin

11、g hard as it is(=Though it is raining hard), Im going out for a walk. Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. Tired as he was, he went to bed early. Young as he was, he was not equal to the task. Exercise:1. Only when you have obtained sufficient data _ come to a sound concl

12、usion.a. can you b. you can c. would you d. you would2. _ that this region was so rich in natural resources.a. Little he knew b. Little did he knowc. Little he did know d. Little he had known3. Never again _ political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency.a. Alfred E. Smith seriously sough

13、t b. seriously Alfred E. Smith soughtc. when did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek d. did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek4. Only in recent years _ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.a. people have b. since people have c. have people d. people who have5. Not

14、 until I shouted at the top of my voice _ his head.a. that he turned b. did he turn c. he didnt turn d. he had turned 6. _ received law degrees as today.a. Never so women have b. The women arent everc. Women who have never d. Never have so many women7. On no account _ to anyone.a. my name must be me

15、ntioned b. must my name mentionc. must my name be mentioned d. my name must mention8. _ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.a. Such construction robots are clever b. So clever the construction robots arec. So clever are the construction robo

16、ts d. Such clever construction robots are9. _ do we go for picnics.a. Certainly b. Sometimes c. Seldom d. Once10. Her answer is not acceptable, and _.a. neither am I b. either is mine c. neither is mine d. mine is neither11. So fast _ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.a. light travel

17、b. travels the light c. do light travel d. does light travel12. _ notebook and report that I promised you last week.a. Here is the b. Here are the c. Is here the d. Are here the13. _ a little more time to think, he might have acted more sensibly.a. If he took b. If he has taken c. had he taken d. Sh

18、ould he take14. Beneath our feet _ that our life depends on for food and clothing.a. the earth lay b. the earth lies c. lie the earth d. lies the earth15. _ the beginning of the 19th century did scientists know that all matter is made up of atoms.a. At b. By c. Up to d. Not until 16. Hardly _ he got

19、 out of the court _ the reporters raised a lot of questions to him.a. had when b. hadthan c. didwhen d. hasthan17. Among these books _ a dictionary that his father gave him as a birthday present.a. have included b. is included c. has included d. are included18. Important _ his discovery was, it was

20、regarded as a matter of no account in his time.a. to b. for c. as d. although19. According to the periodic table, _ still some elements undiscovered.a. there seem to be b. it seems c. it seems to be d. here seems20. Here _ you want to see.a. the manager comes b. comes the managerc. comes a manager d

21、. is coming a manager21. Barry can hardly drive a car, _.a. so cant Molly b. cant Molly either c. Molly cant too d. neither can Molly22. _ for the leadership of the Party, we should not have succeeded.a. Had not it been b. Had it not been c. There was d. Is there23. _ no air or water, there would be

22、 no life in the world.a. Were there b. There are c. There was d. Is there24. Not only _ the data fed into it, but it can also analyze them.a. the computer can memorize b. can the computer memorize c. do the computer memorize d. can memorize the computer25. Not once _ his view of life.a. did the gentleman mention b. the gentleman mentioned thatc. the gentleman mentioned d. does gentleman mentioned26. By no means _ their own language well.a. it is true that all English people know b. is it true that do al