朝鮮族純英文介紹_帶水印

1、MusicMain article: Music of KoreaPansori PungmulApart from the instruments used, traditional Korean music is characterized by improvisation and the lack of breaks between movements. A pansori performance can last for over eight hours during which a single singer performs continuously.Rather tha

2、n contrasting different speeds as it is common in Western music, most traditional Korean music begins with the slowest movement and then accelerates as the performance continues.Korean court music, called jeongak, is closely related to the literate upper-class, and has a strong intellectual emphasis

3、. Jeongak is played at a very slow pace, with single beats taking as long as three seconds. The beat matches the speed of breathing rather than the heartbeat as in most Western music, and feels static and meditative.The tone of Jeongak is soft and tranquil because the traditional instruments are mad

4、e of non-metallic materials. String instruments have strings made of silk rather than wire. Almost all wind instruments are made of bamboo.Pungmul is Korea's folk music and is full of expressions and emotions. This kind of traditional music is closely related to the lives of common people. As wi

5、th the Jeongak, improvisation is common in Minsogak.Traditional Korean musical instruments can be divided into wind, string, and percussion types. Wind instruments include the piri (cylindrical oboe), taepyeongso (metal-bell shawm), daegeumsaenghwang (mouth organ) and the hun (ocarina). Traditional

6、string instruments include zithers such as the gayageum, geomungo, and ajaeng, and the haegeum, a two-stringed fiddle.A great number of traditional percussion instruments are used including the kkwaenggwari (hand-held gong), the jing (hanging gong), buk (barrel drum), janggu, (hourglass drum), bak (

7、clapper), and pyeonjong (bell chimes or stone chimes), as well as the eo (tiger-shaped scraper) and the chuk (wooden box).DanceMain article: Korean danceJinju geommuAs with music, there is a distinction between court dances and folk dances. Common court dances are jeongjaemu performed at banquets, a

8、nd ilmu, performed at Confucian rituals. Jeongjaemu is divided into native dances (hyangak jeongjae) and forms imported from China (dangak jeongjae). Ilmu are divided into civil dance (munmu) and military dance (mumu).Religious dances include all the performances at shamanistic rites (gut). Secular

9、dances include both group dances and individual performances.Traditional choreography of court dances is reflected in many contemporary productions.PaintingMain article: Korean paintingA scenery on Dano dayThe earliest paintings found on the Korean peninsula are petroglyphs of prehistoric times. Wit

10、h the arrival of Buddhism from China, different techniques were introduced. These techniques quickly established themselves as the mainstream techniques, but indigenous techniques still survived.There is a tendency towards naturalism with subjects such as realistic landscapes, flowers and birds bein

11、g particularly popular. Ink is the most common material used, and it is painted on mulberry paper or silk.In the 18th century indigenous techniques were advanced, particularly in calligraphy and seal engraving.Arts are both influenced by tradition and realism in North Korea. For example, Hans near-p

12、hotographic "Break Time at the Ironworks" shows muscular men dripping with sweat and drinking water from tin cups at a sweltering foundry. Sons "Peak Chonnyo of Mount Kumgang" is a classical Korean landscape of towering cliffs shrouded by mists (source : "The New York Times&

13、quot;, 5. Sisters Duk Soon Fwhang and Chung Soon Fwang O'Dwyer who fled to the United States in the late 1950s avoid overtly political statements, and render seemingly benign subjects of natureflowers, birds, fields, insects, mountainsas tempestuous and emotionally charged zones of conflict.

14、0;CraftsLacquer drawer with mother-of-pearl inlay, at the National Museum of Korea in Seoul.There is a unique set of handicrafts produced in Korea. Most of the handicrafts are created for a particular everyday use, often giving priority to the practical use rather than aesthetics. Traditionally, met

15、al, wood, fabric, lacquerware, and earthenware were the main materials used, but later glass, leather or paper have sporadically been used.Ancient handicrafts, such as red and black pottery, share similarities with pottery of Chinese cultures along the Yellow River. The relics found of the Bronze Ag

16、e, however, are distinctive and more elaborate.Many sophisticated and elaborate handicrafts have been excavated, including gilt crowns, patterned pottery, pots or ornaments. During the Goryeo period the use of bronze was advanced. Brass, that is copper with one third zinc, has been a particularly po

17、pular material. The dynasty, however, is renowned for its use of celadon ware.During the Joseon period popular handicrafts were made of porcelain and decorated with blue painting. Woodcraft was also advanced during that period. This led to more sophisticated pieces of furniture, including wardrobes,

18、 chests, tables or drawers.CeramicsMain article: Korean pottery and porcelainA celadon incense burner from the Goryeo Dynasty with Korean kingfisher glaze.The use of earthenware on the Korean peninsula goes back to the Neolithic. The history of Korean Ceramics is long and includes both Korean potter

19、y a later development after the traditional use of coils and hammered clay to create early votive and sculptural artifacts. During the Three Kingdoms period, pottery was advanced in Silla. The pottery was fired using a deoxidizing flame, which caused the distinctive blue grey celadon color. The surf

20、ace was embossed with various geometrical patterns.In the Goryeo period jade green celadon ware became more popular. In the 12th century sophisticated methods of inlaying were invented, allowing more elaborate decorations in different colours.White porcelain became popular in the 15th century. It so

21、on overtook celadon ware. White porcelain was commonly painted or decorated with copper.With the Japanese invasions of Korea in the 16th century, many potters were kidnapped to Japan where they profoundly influenced Japanese ceramics.4 5 6 Many leading Japanese pottery families today can trace their

22、 art and ancestry to these Korean potters whom the Japanese kidnapped by the thousands, such as during the Japanese Assault on Korea of 1592.678In the mid Joseon period (late 17th century) blue-and-white porcelain became popular. Designs were painted in cobalt blue on white porcelain. With the growt

23、h of Japan's hegemony on the peninsula towards the end of the 19th century the tradition of porcelain largely declined in favour of Japanese imports. However, the fact that Japan's relocating whole cities of Korean potters by force to boost pottery culture in Japan annuls the misconception t

24、hat the Japanese pottery culture flourished at the time.HomesMain article: Korean architectureTraditional house, hanok Traditional farmer's house; Folk Village, SeoulSites of residence are traditionally selected using geomancy. It is believed that any topographical configuration generates i

25、nvisible forces of good or ill (gi). The negative and positive energies (yin and yang) must be brought into balance.A house should be built against a hill and face south to receive as much sunlight as possible. This orientation is still preferred in modern Korea. Geomancy also influences the shape o

26、f the building, the direction it faces and the material it is built of.Traditional Korean houses can be structured into an inner wing (anchae) and an outer wing (sarangchae). The individual layout largely depends on the region and the wealth of the family. Whereas aristocrats used the outer wing for

27、 receptions, poorer people kept cattle in the sarangchae. The wealthier a family, the larger the house. However, it was forbidden to any family except for the king to have a residence of more than 99 kan. A kan is the distance between two pillars used in traditional houses.The inner wing normally co

28、nsisted of a living room, a kitchen and a wooden-floored central hall. More rooms may be attached to this. Poorer farmers would not have any outer wing. Floor heating (ondol) has been used in Korea for centuries. The main building materials are wood, clay, tile, stone, and thatch. Because wood and c

29、lay were the most common materials used in the past not many old buildings have survived into present times. Japan's kidnapping of an entire city known for its castle building skills built Japan's most famous castles and palaces, an act which the Japanese government has formally accepted and

30、 apologized for.But now days, people live in apartments and more modernized houses.GardensMain article: Korean gardenHyangwonjeong, a garden in Gyeongbokgung, SeoulThe principles of temple gardens and private gardens are the same. They generally resemble gardens in China, and the Japanese in turn ad

31、opted a similar garden layout from Korea. Part of the reason is because gardening in East Asia is heavily influenced by Taoism. Taoism emphasizes nature and mystery, paying great attention to the details of the layout. In contrast to Japanese and Chinese gardens which fill a garden with man made ele

32、ments, traditional Korean gardens avoid artificialities, trying to make a garden more natural than nature.The lotus pond is an important feature in the Korean garden. If there is a natural stream, often a pavilion is built next to it, allowing the pleasure of watching the water. Terraced flower beds

33、 are a common feature in traditional Korean gardens.The Poseokjeong site near Gyeongju was built in the Silla period. It highlights the importance of water in traditional Korean gardens. The garden of Poseokjeong features an abalone-shaped watercourse. During the last days of the Silla kingdom, the

34、king's guests would sit along the watercourse and chat while wine cups were floated during banquets.DressMain article: HanbokHanbok Hwarot, bridal robeSee also List of Korean clothing. The traditional dress known as hanbok (, 韓服) (known as joseonot in the DPRK) has been worn since ancient t

35、imes. The hanbok consists of a shirt (jeogori) and pants (baji). The traditional hat is called gwanmo and special meaning is attached to this piece of clothing.According to social status, Koreans used to dress differently, making clothing an important mark of social rank. Impressive, but sometimes cumbersome, costumes were worn by the ruling class and the royal family. Jewelry was also used to distance themselves f