fog and haze

1、fog and hazeHow do we know the air is polluted?Haze is a kind of air pollution.Air Quantity Index(空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)）An air quality index (AQI) is a number used by government agencies to communicate to the public how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it is forecast to become.It has 6 levels,if the i

2、ndex is bigger,the air pollution is much more heavier.As the AQI increases, an increasingly large percentage of the population is likely to experience increasingly severe adverse health effects. 空氣質(zhì)量等級(jí)空氣質(zhì)量等級(jí)空氣質(zhì)量空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)指數(shù)優(yōu)050良50100輕度污染100150中度污染150200重度污染200300嚴(yán)重污染300及以上空氣污染物空氣污染物污染氣體 酸性氣體 ( 如二氧化硫、氮氧化

3、物) 溫室氣體 ( 如二氧化碳、氟氯碳化物) 對(duì)流層臭氧懸浮物 TSP ( 總懸浮顆粒物) PM10 ( 可吸入顆粒物) PM2.5 ( 可入肺顆粒物) Chinas Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) is responsible for measuring the level of air pollution in China. As of 1 January 2013, MEP monitors daily pollution level in 163 of its major cities. The API level is based

4、 on the level of 6 atmospheric pollutants, namely sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), suspended particulates smaller than 10 m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), suspended particulates smaller than 2.5 m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)， carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) measured at the mon

5、itoring stations throughout each city.PM2.5 Fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less,which can be breathed into lung. 中文名中文名細(xì)微顆粒細(xì)微顆粒英文全稱英文全稱fine particulate matter外文名PM2.5單 位微克每立方米當(dāng)量直徑2.5微米定名時(shí)間2013年4月19日空氣質(zhì)量等級(jí)空氣質(zhì)量等級(jí)空氣質(zhì)量空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)指數(shù)24小時(shí)小時(shí)PM2.5平均值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值平均值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值優(yōu)050035ug/m良501003575ug/m輕度污染1001

6、5075115ug/m中度污染150200115150ug/m重度污染2003000150150ug/m嚴(yán)重污染300及以上大于250ug/m及以上bad influence cause cancer (WHO admited that PM2.5 can cause cancer in 2013) bring damage to human organs lead to the formation of fog and haze in a large extent.Formation of fog and haze Haze is composed of sulfur dioxide (SO

7、2),nitrogen dioxide (NO2)and aerodynamic diameter (PM10,including PM2.5) . haze and fog combine together ,which can obscure the clarity of the sky and cause damage to humans heath.Main source of haze Car exhaustindustrial gasesCoal heating exhaust in winterdust from construction sites and roadsbad i

8、nfluence cause damage to resoiratory system(呼吸系統(tǒng))and vascular system(血管系統(tǒng)) cause cancer（if human exposed in such weather for a long time) bad for chidren s growth bring traffic problemsPreventive measures1. open windows and doors as less as possible 2. wear a mask when you go out3. drink more water4. eat more fruits and vegetables5. avoid to do exercise 相比于京霾的沉重，晉霾的激烈，滬霾的濕熱和粵霾的陰冷，我更喜歡豫霾的醇厚，它是如此的真實(shí)，又是如此的具體。黃土的甜腥與秸稈