語法互動十一非謂語動詞

1、語法互動（十一）非謂語動詞語法互動（十一）非謂語動詞名名 師師 點點 睛睛名名 師師 點點 睛睛考考 點點 過過 關(guān)關(guān)考考 點點 過過 關(guān)關(guān)語法互動（十一）語法互動（十一） 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞名名 師師 點點 睛睛 非謂語動詞包括動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞，沒有人稱非謂語動詞包括動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。中考側(cè)重對不定式作賓語、賓語補足語、狀語和數(shù)的變化。中考側(cè)重對不定式作賓語、賓語補足語、狀語的考查。的考查?？键c一動詞不定式考點一動詞不定式1 1作主語作主語不定式作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，常用于不定式作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，常用于itit作形式主語的句型作形式主語的句型中。

2、如：中。如：to ask the teacher for help is necessary. to ask the teacher for help is necessary. it is necessary to ask the teacher for help.it is necessary to ask the teacher for help.向老師求救是必要的。向老師求救是必要的。名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十一）語法互動（十一） 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞2 2作賓語作賓語 常接不定式作賓語的動詞有常接不定式作賓語的動詞有want, like, hope, agree,w

3、ant, like, hope, agree,decide, wish, learn, remember decide, wish, learn, remember 等。如：等。如：i hope _ there before dark.i hope _ there before dark.我希望天黑以前到那兒。我希望天黑以前到那兒。 提醒提醒 在在 think, find, make think, find, make 等動詞后常用等動詞后常用 it it 作形作形式賓語，真正的賓語是不定式。如：式賓語，真正的賓語是不定式。如：i found it difficult _ the proble

4、m. i found it difficult _ the problem. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個問題很難。我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個問題很難。to get to get to solve to solve 名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十一）語法互動（十一） 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞3 3作賓語補足語作賓語補足語常接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有常接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有tell, ask, allow, want,tell, ask, allow, want,help, wish, teach, warn, encouragehelp, wish, teach, warn, encourage等。等

5、。 如：如：ill ask tom _ with me.ill ask tom _ with me.我將邀請湯姆和我一起去。我將邀請湯姆和我一起去。 提醒提醒 常見的后接不帶常見的后接不帶toto的不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有的不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有hear, see, watch, let, have, makehear, see, watch, let, have, make等。如：等。如：i often see them _ basketball on thei often see them _ basketball on theplayground. playground. 我經(jīng)?？?/p>

6、見他們在操場上玩。我經(jīng)常看見他們在操場上玩。to go to go play play 名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十一）語法互動（十一） 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞4. 4. 作狀語作狀語不定式作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞，表示目的、結(jié)果、不定式作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞，表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。中考重點考查不定式作目的狀語。原因、條件等。中考重點考查不定式作目的狀語。 如：如：later he left home _ in different cities.later he left home _ in different cities.后來他離開家到不同的城市工作。后

7、來他離開家到不同的城市工作。5 5作定語作定語( (須后置須后置) )i dont have a partner to practice english with.i dont have a partner to practice english with.我沒有一個一起練習(xí)英語的同伴。我沒有一個一起練習(xí)英語的同伴。6 6用在用在how, when, where, what, whichhow, when, where, what, which等疑問詞之后。等疑問詞之后。如：如：he didnt know what to do next.he didnt know what to do nex

8、t.他不知道接下來做什么。他不知道接下來做什么。to work to work 名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十一）語法互動（十一） 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞考點二動名詞考點二動名詞1. 1. 作主語作主語動名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：動名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.過多地玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ泻?。過多地玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ泻Α? 2作賓語作賓語常接動名詞作賓語的動詞或

9、短語有常接動名詞作賓語的動詞或短語有 enjoy, finish,enjoy, finish,consider, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be consider, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, cant helpbusy, feel like, give up, cant help等。如：等。如：have you finished reading the book?have you finished reading the book?你讀完這本

10、書了嗎？你讀完這本書了嗎？名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十一）語法互動（十一） 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞3 3作表語作表語the nurses job is taking care of the patients.the nurses job is taking care of the patients.護士的工作是護理病人。護士的工作是護理病人。4 4作定語作定語i often go to the reading room. i often go to the reading room. 我經(jīng)常去閱覽室。我經(jīng)常去閱覽室。 提醒提醒 有些詞既可接不定式又可接有些詞既可接不定式又可接v.

11、v.inging形式作賓語，形式作賓語，但表達的意義不同，常見的有：但表達的意義不同，常見的有：(1)stop to do sth.(1)stop to do sth.停下來去做另外一件事停下來去做另外一件事( (不定式作目的不定式作目的狀語狀語) )stop doing sth.stop doing sth.停止做某事停止做某事( (動名詞作賓語動名詞作賓語) )(2)try to do sth. (2)try to do sth. 試圖試圖/ /企圖做某事企圖做某事 try doing sth.try doing sth.嘗試著做某事嘗試著做某事名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十

12、一）語法互動（十一） 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞(3)forget to do sth.(3)forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事忘記要去做某事( (還沒做還沒做) )forget doing sth.forget doing sth.忘記做過某事忘記做過某事( (已做已做) )(4)remember to do sth.(4)remember to do sth.記著要去做某事記著要去做某事( (還沒做還沒做) )remember doing sth.remember doing sth.記得做過某事記得做過某事( (已做已做) )(5)go on to do sth.(5)go on

13、 to do sth.做完一件事后繼續(xù)做另外一件不同的事做完一件事后繼續(xù)做另外一件不同的事go on doing sth.go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做原來所做的同一件事繼續(xù)做原來所做的同一件事(6)sth.need doing(6)sth.need doing(某事某事) )需要被做需要被做( (含被動意思含被動意思) )need to do sth.need to do sth.需要去做某事需要去做某事( (含主動意思含主動意思) )名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十一）語法互動（十一） 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞考點三分詞考點三分詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞有主

14、動、進行之分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。現(xiàn)在分詞有主動、進行之意；過去分詞有被動、完成之意。意；過去分詞有被動、完成之意。1 1作定語作定語china is a developing country. america is a developedchina is a developing country. america is a developedcountry.country.中國是一個發(fā)展中國家，美國是一個發(fā)達國家。中國是一個發(fā)展中國家，美國是一個發(fā)達國家。i know the boy called li ming. i know the boy called li ming. 我認識

15、那個叫李明的男孩。我認識那個叫李明的男孩。2 2作表語作表語the book is interesting. im interested in it. the book is interesting. im interested in it. 這本書很有趣，這本書很有趣， 我對它很感興趣。我對它很感興趣。名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十一）語法互動（十一） 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞3 3作賓語補足語作賓語補足語i saw her going upstairs. i saw her going upstairs. 我看見她正在上樓。我看見她正在上樓。i want to have some

16、 photos taken. i want to have some photos taken. 我想拍幾張照片。我想拍幾張照片。4 4作狀語作狀語laughing and talking, they went into the room.laughing and talking, they went into the room.他們有說有笑地走進了房間。他們有說有笑地走進了房間。faced with difficultiesfaced with difficulties，we must try to overcomewe must try to overcomethem. them. 在遇到

17、困難的時候，我們必須設(shè)法克服。在遇到困難的時候，我們必須設(shè)法克服。名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十一）語法互動（十一） 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞考考 點點 過過 關(guān)關(guān)根據(jù)句意及漢語提示完成句子根據(jù)句意及漢語提示完成句子1. _(1. _(找到找到) a book in the library) a book in the library，enter aenter a key word into the computer. key word into the computer.2 2whenever you have a chance _(whenever you have a chan

18、ce _(說說)english)english， you should take it.you should take it.3 3parents often warn children _parents often warn children _ ( (不踢足球不踢足球) on) on the road. its dangerous. the road. its dangerous.4 4when the national flag goes upwhen the national flag goes up，it makes meit makes me _( _(感覺感覺) proud.)

19、proud.to find to find to speak to speak not to play football not to play football feel feel 名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十一）語法互動（十一） 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞5 5would you like _ (would you like _ (爬爬)the wutong mountain)the wutong mountain tomorrow? tomorrow? if my mother _ ( if my mother _ (允許允許) )，ill go with you.ill go

20、 with you.6 6more and more young people are trying to domore and more young people are trying to do something to_ ( something to_ (照顧照顧)the old.)the old.7 7mr. li often encouraged his son _(mr. li often encouraged his son _(做做) well) well in school. in school.to climb to climb allows allows look aft

21、er/take care of look after/take care of to do to do 名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十一）語法互動（十一） 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞8 8_(_(節(jié)省節(jié)省)the energy)the energy，turn off the lightturn off the light before leaving the room. before leaving the room.9 9helen often asks her students _ (helen often asks her students _ (不游泳不游泳) ) in riv

22、ers, because its not safe. in rivers, because its not safe.1010why not _ (why not _ (參加參加)an english club to)an english club to practice speaking english? practice speaking english?to save to save not to swim not to swim join join 名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十二）主謂一致語法互動（十二）主謂一致名名 師師 點點 睛睛名名 師師 點點 睛睛考考 點點 過

23、過 關(guān)關(guān)考考 點點 過過 關(guān)關(guān)語法互動（十二）語法互動（十二） 主謂一致主謂一致名名 師師 點點 睛睛 主謂一致主要掌握它的三個原則：就近一致原則、意義主謂一致主要掌握它的三個原則：就近一致原則、意義一致原則和語法一致原則。一致原則和語法一致原則。考點一就近一致原則考點一就近一致原則1. there be 1. there be 句型。當主語是系列事物時，謂語與鄰近的主句型。當主語是系列事物時，謂語與鄰近的主語保持一致。語保持一致。如：如：there is a table and two chairs in the room.there is a table and two chairs in

24、 the room.房間里有一張桌子和兩把椅子。房間里有一張桌子和兩把椅子。there are two chairs and a table in the room.there are two chairs and a table in the room.房間里有兩把椅子和一張桌子。房間里有兩把椅子和一張桌子。名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十二）語法互動（十二） 主謂一致主謂一致2. either2. eitheror, neitheror, neithernor, not onlynor, not onlybut alsobut also等連接并等連接并列主語時，謂語動詞跟鄰近后

25、者的主語保持一致。列主語時，謂語動詞跟鄰近后者的主語保持一致。如：如：neither you nor he is right.neither you nor he is right.你和他都不對。你和他都不對。either you or i am wrong. either you or i am wrong. 不是你就是我錯了。不是你就是我錯了。not only he but also i _ invited.not only he but also i _ invited.不僅他被邀請了我也被邀請了。不僅他被邀請了我也被邀請了。am am 名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十二）語

26、法互動（十二） 主謂一致主謂一致考點二意義一致原則考點二意義一致原則1. 1. 表示時間、金錢、距離、重量、長度等的復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞作表示時間、金錢、距離、重量、長度等的復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞作主語時，常被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。主語時，常被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：如：twenty years is a long time.twenty years is a long time.二十年是一段很長的時間。二十年是一段很長的時間。ten dollars _ enough. ten dollars _ enough. 十美元足夠了。十美元足夠了。2. 2. 以以s s 結(jié)尾的名詞結(jié)尾的名詞(new

27、s, maths, physics(news, maths, physics等等) )，本身不表復(fù)，本身不表復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。數(shù)意義，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。如：如：maths isnt very hard.maths isnt very hard.數(shù)學(xué)不是很難。數(shù)學(xué)不是很難。i dont think the news in the newspaper is true.i dont think the news in the newspaper is true.我認為報紙上的消息不是真的。我認為報紙上的消息不是真的。is is 名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十二）語法互

28、動（十二） 主謂一致主謂一致3 3“the the 形容詞形容詞”( (如如the poor, the rich, the oldthe poor, the rich, the old等等) )表表示示“一類人一類人”，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：如：the old _ taken good care of in this area.the old _ taken good care of in this area.這個地區(qū)的老人被照顧得很好。這個地區(qū)的老人被照顧得很好。4 4集體名詞集體名詞( (如如family, class, team, groupfamil

29、y, class, team, group等等) )作主語時，若作主語時，若指一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若指具體成員，謂語動詞指一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若指具體成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。用復(fù)數(shù)形式。people, policepeople, police等作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。等作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：如：class 5 is the best class in our school.class 5 is the best class in our school.五班是我們學(xué)校最好的班級。五班是我們學(xué)校最好的班級。 class 5 _ the winners.class

30、 5 _ the winners.五班是勝利者。五班是勝利者。are are areare名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十二）語法互動（十二） 主謂一致主謂一致the chinese people are very friendly. the chinese people are very friendly. 中國人是很友好的。中國人是很友好的。5. each 5. each 作主語的同位語時，謂語動詞由主語來決定，作主語的同位語時，謂語動詞由主語來決定，與與 each each 無關(guān)。無關(guān)。如：如：they each have a bike. they each have a b

31、ike. 他們每人有一輛自行車。他們每人有一輛自行車。6. 6. 代詞代詞( (如如some, all, none, anysome, all, none, any等等) )作主語時，若表示作主語時，若表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：如：some of the work was done by me.some of the work was done by me.一些工作是由我來做的。一些工作是由我來做的。some of the students work hard.some of th

32、e students work hard.一些學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)很努力。一些學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)很努力。名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十二）語法互動（十二） 主謂一致主謂一致7 7由由andand連接的兩個名詞作主語，指同一概念時，謂語連接的兩個名詞作主語，指同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。動詞用單數(shù)。如：如：the doctor and writer is very famous.the doctor and writer is very famous.這位醫(yī)生兼作家非常出名。這位醫(yī)生兼作家非常出名。8 8書名、報紙名、國家等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞書名、報紙名、國家等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

33、用單數(shù)。如：如：the united states is a developed country.the united states is a developed country.美國是一個發(fā)達國家。美國是一個發(fā)達國家。名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十二）語法互動（十二） 主謂一致主謂一致考點三語法一致原則考點三語法一致原則1. 1. 介詞或介詞短語作插入語。主語后有介詞或介詞短語作插入語。主語后有with, togetherwith, togetherwith, including, besides, except, butwith, including, besides, ex

34、cept, but等引導(dǎo)的短語作等引導(dǎo)的短語作插入語時，謂語動詞與主語一致，與插入語無關(guān)。插入語時，謂語動詞與主語一致，與插入語無關(guān)。如：如：mary with her mother _ shopping now. mary with her mother _ shopping now. 現(xiàn)在瑪麗和她媽媽正在一起購物。現(xiàn)在瑪麗和她媽媽正在一起購物。2. 2. 非謂語動詞作主語或從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。非謂語動詞作主語或從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：如：doing a lot of practice is a good way to improvedoing a lot of pr

35、actice is a good way to improveyour english. your english. 做大量練習(xí)是提高你英語的好方法。做大量練習(xí)是提高你英語的好方法。is is 名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十二）語法互動（十二） 主謂一致主謂一致3. 3. 不定代詞不定代詞something, anything, nothing, everybody,something, anything, nothing, everybody,one, neither one, neither 等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：如：someon

36、e is waiting for you.someone is waiting for you.有人正在等你。有人正在等你。4. 4. 常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞( (如如shoes, pants, clothesshoes, pants, clothes等等) )作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但當這些名詞有作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但當這些名詞有a paira pairofof或或pairs of pairs of 修飾時，謂語動詞由修飾時，謂語動詞由pairpair的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。如：如：the shoes _ under the bed.the shoe

37、s _ under the bed.鞋子在床下。鞋子在床下。a pair of shoes is under the bed.a pair of shoes is under the bed.床下面有一雙鞋。床下面有一雙鞋。are are 名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十二）語法互動（十二） 主謂一致主謂一致5. “one of 5. “one of 名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式”和和“the number ofthe number of名詞名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)形式”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：如：one of the boys is intereste

38、d in the story.one of the boys is interested in the story.其中有一個男孩子對這個故事感興趣。其中有一個男孩子對這個故事感興趣。the number of the students in the school is 2the number of the students in the school is 2，000. 000. 這所學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)是這所學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)是20002000。名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十二）語法互動（十二） 主謂一致主謂一致6 6“many a (more than one)many a (mor

39、e than one)單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。用單數(shù)。如：如：more than one student is fond of playing computer games.more than one student is fond of playing computer games.不止一個學(xué)生喜歡玩電腦游戲。不止一個學(xué)生喜歡玩電腦游戲。7 7“a lot of, lots of, plenty ofa lot of, lots of, plenty of名詞名詞”和和“分數(shù)或百分分數(shù)或百分數(shù)名詞數(shù)名詞”等作主語，謂語動詞與名詞的數(shù)保持一致。等作主語，謂語動

40、詞與名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如：如：three fifths of the forest was destroyed.three fifths of the forest was destroyed.五分之三的森林被毀壞了。五分之三的森林被毀壞了。名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十二）語法互動（十二） 主謂一致主謂一致8 8在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that, who, whichthat, who, which等作主語時，等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。如：如：this is the boy who wants t

41、o see you.this is the boy who wants to see you.這就是想要見你的那個男孩。這就是想要見你的那個男孩。9 9在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語的數(shù)保持一在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語的數(shù)保持一致。致。如：如：here are some flowers and some money for you.here are some flowers and some money for you.這兒有一些為你準備的花和錢。這兒有一些為你準備的花和錢。名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十二）語法互動（十二） 主謂一致主謂一致考考 點點 過過

42、關(guān)關(guān)1. david, there _ a dictionary and some1. david, there _ a dictionary and some books on your desk. are they yours? books on your desk. are they yours? a. is a. isb bareare c chave dhave dhashas2. not only you but also he _ paris. 2. not only you but also he _ paris. a. have been to b a. have been

43、to bhas gone to has gone to c chas been to dhas been to dhave gone in have gone in a a c c 名師點睛名師點睛考點過關(guān)考點過關(guān)語法互動（十二）語法互動（十二） 主謂一致主謂一致3 3this year, zhang hao, one of the best studentsthis year, zhang hao, one of the best students， _ to work for the olympic games. _ to work for the olympic games. a ais choosing bis choosing bare chosen are chosen c cwas choosing d. was chosenwas choosing d. was chosen4 4the number of the students who go to the summerthe number of the students who go to