初中單詞B S

1、英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)單詞 B教學(xué)目標(biāo)：1.初高中以B字母開(kāi)頭的單詞用法 2.初高中重點(diǎn)句型應(yīng)用教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)：1.初高中以B字母開(kāi)頭的單詞用法聯(lián)合記憶 2.初高中重點(diǎn)句型應(yīng)用一. 重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語(yǔ)1. because 【用法】conj.因?yàn)?；由于【辨析】because, because of, thanks to, due to, owing to, on account ofbecause 后接句子。 because of (接名詞或者名詞詞組) 因?yàn)椋?He begs because of poverty, not hunger.他不是因?yàn)轲I了，而是因?yàn)樨毟F才要飯的。owing to與because of一

2、樣，也強(qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系，除作狀語(yǔ)外，也可作表語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)修飾整個(gè)句子，可在句首或句末，用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。He arrived late due to（owing to）the storm由于暴風(fēng)雨他來(lái)晚了。 due to引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與owing to同義，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般不與其他成分隔開(kāi)。This accident was due to（owing to）his careless driving on account of與because of，owing to同義，但語(yǔ)氣較為正式。可作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，不作定語(yǔ)。He could not come on acco

3、unt of his illness他因病不能前來(lái)。 thanks to表示"幸虧，多虧"多用于表達(dá)正面意思，相當(dāng)于感謝，在句中作狀語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。Thanks to your advice，much trouble was saved【舉例】1 I was well again, _ the doctor. 2. Jobs are hard to get and, _, more young people want to continue their education. 3. Over 60 drugs have been removed from sale _ recent

4、 test. 4. _ his youth, he was not allowed to take the senior course. 5. That was _ the lack of exercise. 6. The failure of the plan was in part _ financial difficulties 7. Mistakes _ carelessness may have serious consequence. 8. The wages _ him will be paid tomorrow. 9. _ problems with the fuel syst

5、em, the launch has been put back a week. 10. She won the Peace Prize _ her courageous fight for democracy. 2. begin【用法】v. 開(kāi)始；著手【搭配】begin with 從開(kāi)始；先做某事【拓展】beginning n. 開(kāi)始,開(kāi)端 at the beginning of【辨析】begin / start 二者都表示“開(kāi)始”后面可以接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，一般可以互換使用。 區(qū)別是：1.begin 側(cè)重于時(shí)間上一個(gè)過(guò)程的開(kāi)始，指邁出第一步、采取第一個(gè)行動(dòng)，與and相對(duì)； 2.start 側(cè)

6、重于形態(tài)上的開(kāi)始，通常指由靜到動(dòng)的過(guò)程，與stop相對(duì)。3. beside 【用法】prep 在旁邊；在附近【拓展】besides prep. & adv.除之外；還有【辨析】區(qū)別例子besides除了，（還，也）”，表示的是追加關(guān)系，整體中包括了“除了”的部分Besides his wife, his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女兒也去看過(guò)他。except“除了，（其余的都）”，表示的是剔除的關(guān)系，整體中不包括“除了”的部分，except 除了后面接名詞、代詞外，還可接介詞短語(yǔ)或從句All the other five represe

7、ntatives arrived late except me. 除了我，其他的五位代表都來(lái)晚了。（晚到的代表中不包括“我”）except for在整體上給以定論后，再?gòu)木植可霞右孕拚齟xcept 所“排除”的部分與前面所述整體詞屬于同類(lèi)，是部分與整體的關(guān)系；而except for 所“排除”的部分與前面所述的整體詞往往不是同類(lèi)。Your essay is well written except for one or two minor grammatical mistakes. 你的作文除了一兩處小的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤外，寫(xiě)得很好。（“作文”與“語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤”不是同類(lèi)事物）butbut與except的用法

8、基本相同并?；Q使用但but多與no, nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, all, anything, who等詞連用，but所引出的事物常是句子的重心，有一定的強(qiáng)調(diào)意味當(dāng)but / except后面跟不定式時(shí)，如果but / except前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do或do的其他形式，后面的不定式符號(hào)要省略。They are all from the countryside but / except John. 除了約翰外，他們都來(lái)自鄉(xiāng)下。In winter the bear does nothing but lie down and sleep. 冬天，熊

9、除了躺下睡覺(jué)什么也不干but for否定復(fù)合介詞，用在名詞前構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，意思是“要不是”，等于 without。句子中只要有 but for，該句子必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。But for your help （if you had not helped us）we should not have finished in time.要不是你的幫助，我們就不會(huì)及時(shí)完成。apart from既有besides的含義，又有except和except for的含義，要根據(jù)上下文來(lái)判別。He has no interests, apart from his work. 他除了自己的工作外，沒(méi)什么興趣愛(ài)好。（=

10、except )【舉例】1. I know nothing about the young ladyshe is from Beijing. A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides 2. The suit fitted him wellthe colour was a little brighter. A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides 3. He did have nothing to eat but. A. to steal some food from t

11、he shop B. to rob some food of the shop C. steal some food from the shop D. rob some food of the shop 4. Jane was quite alone in the worldan aunt in Brazil. A. except B. except for C. besides D. instead of 5.being a little largethe hat looks nice. A. Apart from B. Except C. But D. Besides for 4. bor

12、row 【用法】v.借入；采用【辨析】lend, borrow lend 借出 搭配lend. to. borrow 借入 搭配borrow .from.【舉例】Jack 100 dollars me last month. = I 100 dollars Jack last month.5. believe 【用法】v. 認(rèn)為,相信 【搭配】believe in 信任【辨析】區(qū)別搭配consider指經(jīng)過(guò)考慮和觀察后得出的結(jié)論。u consider .as/to be. 認(rèn)為.是 u consider doing sth. 考慮要做某事, u consider that+從句 認(rèn)為；考慮th

13、ink 普通用詞，指按照自己的意見(jiàn)提出看法think of 考慮；關(guān)心；想起think about 考慮；思考think over 仔細(xì)考慮believe通常指根據(jù)一定的證據(jù)，經(jīng)思考后而認(rèn)為屬實(shí)regard側(cè)重憑外表或表面現(xiàn)象作判斷。多強(qiáng)調(diào)觀點(diǎn)regard.as.視.為.【舉例】1. What do you think _ we should do to improve our English?     A. that

14、0; B. X  C. which  D. how  2. Do you think _ Jim and Della loved each other?      A. that   B. when   C. why   D. how  3.

15、0;_ is the richest man in the town?    A. Whom do you think  B. Who do you think   C. Do you think who   D. Do you think whom  4. -Will

16、 it rain tomorrow?       - _.    A. I dont think it   B. I dont hope so    C. I hope       D. I dont

17、 think so  5. What do you think _ an apple _ to the ground    A. cause; to fall    B. to cause; falling    C. causes; to fall  6. both

18、【用法】pron. & adj. 兩者都；雙方的【搭配】1. bothand, 2both of,【辨析】both, all, either, neither, noneall 三者及三者以上修飾可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)none三者及三者以上是all的全否形式【舉例】1.May I have two tickets, please? Sorry theres _ left.A. both B.neither C.any D.none2.On _ side of the road there are many white tall buildings.A.all B.both C.eithe

19、r D.every3.Not _ woman can do that kind of work.A.each B.every C.all D.both7. break (broke, broken) 【用法】n. & v. 打破；損壞【搭配】break down 損壞，壞掉，分解break the rule 違反規(guī)則break into破門(mén)而入，突然起來(lái) break out戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)，爭(zhēng)吵爆發(fā),（火災(zāi)）發(fā)生break up絕交【舉例】1. 與他絕交是明智的。Its wise _ you _ _ _ _ _.2. 這個(gè)部門(mén)很快與公司分離成立了一個(gè)新公司。The branch soon _

20、_ _ the company and founded a new one.3. 警察發(fā)現(xiàn)有人破門(mén)而入，很多車(chē)輛被盜。The police found that the house _ _ _ _ and a lot of cars stolen.4. 內(nèi)戰(zhàn)很快就爆發(fā)了。The Civil War _ _ 4. The computer system _suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.     A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up

21、 D. broke in8. bring 【用法】v. 帶來(lái)【辨析】區(qū)別圖例bring意為“拿來(lái)”、“帶來(lái)”是指某物或某人從別處帶到說(shuō)話(huà)者所在的地方來(lái)，動(dòng)作由遠(yuǎn)及近。speakertakespeaker為“帶去”、“拿走”之意，指人或物從說(shuō)話(huà)人所在地帶到別處去，動(dòng)作由近及遠(yuǎn)。carry表示搬運(yùn)，也可以表示“肩挑”、“手提”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的移動(dòng)性，不強(qiáng)調(diào)方向。objectget意為“拿”、“取”指說(shuō)話(huà)人所在地出發(fā)，把人或物帶回原處，表示動(dòng)作的往返。speakerlift意為“抬、提、舉”，表示把某物從某一低處般到某一高處，動(dòng)作由低到高。低高【舉例】1、seeing the clouds in the

22、 sky, she went back to the house to _ her umbrella. A carry B fetch C bring D reach 2、Trucks _ all kinds of goods here and there. A. carry B. take C. bring D. hold3、 -Will you show us the photos?-OK. Ill _ them here tomorrow. A. take B. carry C. bring D. get9. breathe:to take air into your lungs and

23、 send it out again【用法】：v.呼吸；吸氣；呼氣【搭配】：breathe in吸氣； breathe out呼氣【舉例】：He breathed deeply and expanded his chest.他深呼吸使胸部擴(kuò)張。 The doctor told me to breathe in and then breathe out again slowly.醫(yī)生叫我吸氣然后再慢慢地呼出。【拓展】：breath n.呼吸；氣息常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)：hold ones breath屏住呼吸 out of breath 喘不過(guò)氣 take a (deep) breath(深深地)吸一口氣 w

24、aste ones breath白費(fèi)口舌 get ones breath恢復(fù)正常呼吸【演練】：完成句子： The doctor told me _.(做深呼吸)。二. 重要句型1So + be助動(dòng)詞情牽動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ) 前面陳述的肯定情況也適于另一人（物）時(shí)，常用到這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“另一人（物）也如此。”前面陳述的否定情況也適于另一人（物）時(shí)，常用“Neither/ Nor + be助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 注意：“So+主語(yǔ)+be助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”這一句型常用于表示贊同，進(jìn)一步肯定對(duì)方的看法，表示“的確如此。”“是呀?！?2Turn rightleft at the firstsecon

25、dcrossing. 這一指路的句型意為“在第一二個(gè)十字路口向右左拐?！毕喈?dāng)于Take the first secondturning on therightleft. 3It takes sbsome time to do sth 此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段時(shí)間?！逼渲械膇t是形式主語(yǔ)，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）才是真正的主語(yǔ). 4thinkfind + it + adj. + to do sth. 此句型中的it是形式賓語(yǔ)，不可用其它代詞替代，形容詞作賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）才是真正的賓語(yǔ)。 5Whats wrong with？ 此句型相當(dāng)于Whats the matter

26、/ trouble with？后跟某物作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“某物出什么毛病了？”后跟某人作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“某人怎么了？” 6tooto 在sothat復(fù)合句中，that后的句子是否定句時(shí)，常與簡(jiǎn)單句tooto （太而不能）進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 在sothat復(fù)合句中，that后的句子是肯定句時(shí)，常與簡(jiǎn)單句enough to 進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換. 7Sorry to hear that. 全句應(yīng)為Im sorry to hear that. 意為“聽(tīng)到此事我很難過(guò)（遺憾）?！背Ｓ糜趯?duì) 別人的不幸表示同情、遺憾之意。 三. 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。I. 不定冠詞的用法：

27、1指一類(lèi)人或事，相當(dāng)于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相當(dāng)于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有類(lèi)似性質(zhì)的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定詞組中A coup

28、le of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容詞之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II. 定冠詞的用法：1表示某一類(lèi)人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前the universe, the moon,

29、 the Pacific Ocean3表示說(shuō)話(huà)雙方都了解的或上文提到過(guò)的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4用于樂(lè)器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類(lèi)人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前He is the taller of the two children.8用于國(guó)家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前the United States, the Comm

30、unist Party of China, the French9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代in the 1990s11用于表示單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示時(shí)間的詞組前He patted me on the shoulder.III. 零冠詞的用法：1專(zhuān)有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名詞前有this, my,

31、whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.5學(xué)科，語(yǔ)言，球類(lèi)，棋類(lèi)名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前by train, by air, by land7以and連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)hu

32、sband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8 表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horses are useful animals.四. 課后練習(xí)(一) 單詞填空51. Jim is _(澆) the flowers.52. The shop in our school _(關(guān)門(mén)) at 9 p.m.53. We have a class _(會(huì)議) every week.54. To many people, the meaning of a name is _(重要的).55. I don't want to go to Gansu, becaus

33、e the weather there is too _(壞).56. My grandpa often _(講) us stories.57. You can give him your best _(祝愿).58. Be quiet, the students are _(上) lessons.59. They are going to their _(故鄉(xiāng)) next week.60. _(或許) that man is a teacher; I think.61. Would you like to go for a _(野炊) with us tomorrow?62. I'm

34、 very _(累), and I want to have a good rest.63. Beijing, Shanghai and Wuhan are all big _(城市).64. I'm going to give my English teacher some _(漂亮的) flowers for Teachers'Day.65. Beijing is very _(遠(yuǎn)). We have to go there by air.66. Let's go _(劃船) on the river.67. The monkeys climb up the tre

35、es _(快).68. September is the _(九) month of the year.69. Let's meet _(在外面) the school gate.70. Which month is hotter, _(十月) or September?71. We are going to have a party to _(慶祝) Teachers' Day.72. They are going shopping _(一起) tomorrow.73. Who' s _(高), Lily or Lucy?74. Who is the _(年輕) in

36、 your class?75. Our teacher comes into the classroom _(拿著) a book in his hand.76. I think his story is _(有趣) of the three.77. You must wait at home _(直到) he comes back.78. His door is closed, _(沒(méi)有人) is in.79. The farmers _(種) potatoes on this farm.80. It's not a truck but a _(拖拉機(jī)).81. How many _

37、(星星) can you see in the sky?82. Tom runs _(快) than Jim.83. 'John wants to _(飼養(yǎng)) the animals on the farm,84. Of all the animals, tigers are the _(危險(xiǎn)).85. Tomorrow we are going to learn the _(十二) lesson.86. -Shall we go to the _(電影院) this afternoon? -OK.87. -How many _(嬰兒) deer are there? -Three.8

38、8. Please _(給看) me your new watch, I' d like to have a look.89. Why don't we meet a little _(早)? Let's make it 1:30.90. Sheep and rabbits just eat _(草).91. Shall we go and see the clothes _(表演) this evening,992. He says we must keep our eyes _(閉).93. Can you show me the way to the _(博物館)

39、?94. My home is about three _(公里) from our school.95. You'd better _(說(shuō)) it in English.96. I'm sorry he's not at home at the _(瞬間,片刻).97. I think it's very hard to travel _(環(huán)繞) the big city.98. There' s a lake _(在內(nèi)) the park.99. We can't help him, he has to ask a _(女警察) for he

40、lp.100. In a few _(月)time,it will be covered with green things. （二）語(yǔ)法練習(xí)1、 We cant live withoutair.AanB×CtheDsome2、Have you seenpen? I left it here this morning.Is itblack one? I think I saw it somewhere.Aa; theBthe; theCthe; aDa; a3、Ive been waiting for him forhour andhalf.A× ×Bthe; a

41、Ca; theDan; a4、Whatfine weather we have today!AaB×CsomeDan5、Have you ever seenas tall as this one?Aa treeBsuch treeCan treeDtree6、Children usually go toschool atage of six.A× theBa; anCthe; ×Dthe; the7、Himalayas ishighest mountain inworld.A× the;×BThe; the; theCA; a; aD×××