新英語四級段落翻譯解題技巧

1、.n段落漢譯英。翻譯內(nèi)容涉及中國的歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會發(fā)展等。四級長度為140160個漢字；六級長度為180200個漢字。翻譯題型概述.翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)n譯文應(yīng)該完整地再現(xiàn)原文內(nèi)容n譯文應(yīng)像原文一樣流暢自然。n譯文的風(fēng)格、筆調(diào)應(yīng)與原文性質(zhì)相同。.翻譯三部曲翻譯三部曲.n1. 通讀并透徹理解原文漢語句子，確定通讀并透徹理解原文漢語句子，確定語法成分和句型。語法成分和句型。n中國剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時期特別流行。n譯文：Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widesprea

2、d particularly during the Ming and Qing dynasties. . 漢語段落可以包含一個或一個以上的主題；而英語段落一般只有一個主題，如往往有一個明顯的主題句（主題句多置于句首），其他句子則層層展開，以支持主題句.n2. 付諸筆墨，保證拼寫無誤付諸筆墨，保證拼寫無誤。n人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境。n譯文1：People often make their home beautiful with paper cuttings.n譯文2：People often beautify their home with paper cuttings.n3. 重新審視，確認(rèn)

3、句法合理。重新審視，確認(rèn)句法合理。n重點(diǎn)檢查時態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫、大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號、冠詞和代詞的使用以及主謂一致等問題。.翻譯技巧翻譯技巧.n恰當(dāng)選詞恰當(dāng)選詞 （避免過于籠統(tǒng)，選表達(dá)更確切的詞）n中英文句式之間的對應(yīng)和轉(zhuǎn)換。中英文句式之間的對應(yīng)和轉(zhuǎn)換。n語態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換語態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換e.g. 通常中文中的主語過于寬泛的時候，如“人們”、“別人”、“這”等，可以轉(zhuǎn)化成英文的被動語態(tài)，省略原來的主語原文：現(xiàn)在人們必須采取措施來保護(hù)環(huán)境。譯文：Measures should be adopted/taken to protect the environment. .n詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換n1）名詞

4、轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞n例如：改革開放政策受到了全國人名的擁護(hù)。n譯文：The reform and opening-up policy is supported by the whole Chinese people. n2) 動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞n例如：他善于觀察n譯文： He is a good observer.3) 名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞例如： 在這緊張的時刻，他感到非常害怕。譯文：The intensity of the moment filled his mind with fear.練習(xí)練習(xí)1n農(nóng)歷五月五日的端午節(jié)是為了紀(jì)念被昏庸君主貶官放逐而投江自盡的古代詩人和忠臣屈原。最初人們將竹葉包扎好的糯米棕

5、子投入屈原自盡的那條江，以祭祀亡靈。今天，人們在端午節(jié)舉行龍舟賽，而粽子則由活生生的人來享用。.譯文譯文nThe Dragon Boat Festival on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month is celebrated in memory of Qu Yuan, an ancient poet and loyal monister who drowned himself while in exile from a corrupt court. Zongzi, a kind of glutinous rice dumpling wrapped in bam

6、boo leaves, was originally prepared as sacrificial offerings for Qu Yuans departed soul and dropped into the river where he drowned himself. Today, however, dragon boat races are held during the festival and the zongzi is consumed by the living.練習(xí)練習(xí)2n筷子是中餐桌上最具特色的用餐工具。我們中國人使用筷子的方法很有藝術(shù)性，各人有各人的方法，就好像簽名

7、一樣，不盡一致。中國人一般都能隨心所欲地使用筷子夾起米飯，一粒豌豆，一只滑溜溜的蘑菇或海參。有人些人還能夾起一整塊易碎的豆腐。.nChopsticks are the most distinvtive eating tool on the Chinese dinng table. The way we Chinese use our chopsticks is quite artistic and varies from persson to person like ones signature. An average Chinese person can very easily pick u

8、p pea, or a slippery button mushroom or sea cucumber with a pair of chopstics. Some are even able to pick up a piece of bean curd that crumbles easily. .核心語法考點(diǎn)核心語法考點(diǎn). 一、一、 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn)可以歸納如下：虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn)可以歸納如下：n1. (should)+動詞原形的情形n2. if或but for等引導(dǎo)的條件句n3. wish, if only, it is time的用法.(should)+動詞原形的情形動詞

9、原形的情形 n1.1在動詞suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建議”、“要求”動詞后的賓語從句中。nShe insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她堅持要預(yù)定座位。nHe advised that the doc

10、tor (should) be sent for. 他勸我們派人請醫(yī)生。n注：如果上述動詞作其他意思解釋，或者說話者認(rèn)為所講的事是事實(shí)，要用陳述語氣。nWhen asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director. 真題重現(xiàn)真題重現(xiàn)n【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that _(我們交研究報告)。參考答案：we hand in our research report(s).n1.2 在advice, dema

11、nd, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名詞后的主語從句或表語從句中-上面動詞對應(yīng)的名詞He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部隊(duì)馬上撤退。.1.3 在形容詞important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, des

12、irable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短語no wonder, a pity等可以構(gòu)成“It is +形容詞（名詞）+that”句型中。 It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必須立即采取行動。. 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-6:2007.6】It is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剝奪了受教育的權(quán)利).參考答案：These children (should) be deprived of the righ

13、t to receive education.if或或but for等引導(dǎo)的條件句等引導(dǎo)的條件句 .if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句的用法引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句的用法 條件從句 結(jié)果主句 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 動詞過去式(be動詞用were) would+動詞原形 與過去事實(shí)相反 had+過去分詞(had done) would have done 與將來事實(shí)相反 一般過去時/were+不定式/should+動詞原形 would(should)+動詞原形 .nHe wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.n他要是在室內(nèi)就不會覺得冷了（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）nI am sorry I am

14、 very busy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.n我很抱歉，現(xiàn)在很忙。如果有時間，我肯定陪你去看電影了。（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）nThe conference wouldnt have been so successful if we hadnt made adequate preparations.n如果我們不做充分的準(zhǔn)備，會議是不會開得這么成功的。（與過去事實(shí)相反）nIf it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, I should (wo

15、uld) stay at home.n如果明天下雪，我就呆在家里。nbut for=if it were not for/if it had not been forlnBut for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.n如果沒有你的幫助，他們不可能按時完成任務(wù)。. 真題重現(xiàn)真題重現(xiàn)n【CET-4:2006.12】The victim -(本來會有機(jī)會活下來)if he had been taken to hospital in time. n參考答案：would have a chance to surviven

16、【CET-6:2007.12】But for mobile phone, _（我們的通訊就不可能如此迅速和方便)n參考答案：our communication would not be so efficient and convenient.n【CET-6:2007.1】If you had _(聽從了我的忠告， 你就不會陷入麻煩). n參考答案：followed my advice/suggestion, you would not have been/be in trouble.It is (high, about) time 此句型要求用虛擬語氣此句型要求用虛擬語氣n謂語動詞用過去式，指

17、現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r，表示“早該干某事而已經(jīng)有些晚了”nIts time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.nsomething was done/some measures were taken.動詞動詞wish后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 were或動詞的一般過去與過去事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反 had done或would/could have done將來沒有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望將來沒有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 would/should(could, might)+動詞原形nI wish she

18、 were here. n她在這里就好了。nI wish you would go with us tomorrow. n但愿你明天跟我們一塊去。nI wish she had taken my advice. n那時她要是聽我的話就好了。.if only后用虛擬語氣（要是后用虛擬語氣（要是就太就太好了）好了）n現(xiàn)在沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 一般過去式n過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 過去完成式nIf only she had known where to find you. n他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。nIf only I could speak several foreign languages!n我要是能

19、講幾種外語就好了！. 從句從句n從句的內(nèi)容非常龐雜，該專題主要講解在翻譯題可能考察的名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句等。.一一 名詞性從句名詞性從句n名詞從句是指行使名詞功能的從句，包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句以及補(bǔ)語從句。.1.主語從句-從句作主語n主語從句主要由that, what, whether, how以及其它詞引導(dǎo)，還有就是由代詞it作形式主語。nThat he survived the accident is a miracle.n他在這場事故中幸免于難，真是奇跡。n特別提示：盡管that并沒有實(shí)際含義，但是他起到引導(dǎo)主語從句的功能，在這里不可或缺。nWhat he

20、 enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.n他喜歡做的事情被社會所忽視認(rèn)為毫無價值，無足輕重。nHow he managed to finish the job is of interest to us all.n他是如何設(shè)法完成這項(xiàng)工作的，我們對此都很感興趣nWhether the results will be valuable depends partly on our attitudes towards it.n結(jié)果是否有價值在部分程度上取決于我們對此的態(tài)度n特別提示：whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句位

21、于句首時，whether不能由if代替。.2.賓語從句賓語從句-從句作賓語。從句作賓語。nThe court decisions have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.n法院裁決責(zé)令公立學(xué)校必須采取必要步驟提供這種教育。nI cant understand why he avoided speaking to me.n我不理解他為什么不跟我說話。 真題重現(xiàn)真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：2007.12】Many Americans live on credit, and th

22、eir quality of life _(是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的), not how much they can earn.n參考答案：is measured by how much they can loan.3.表語從句表語從句-從句作表語從句作表語nThe next question we have to decide is when we have to submit the annual report.n我們必須決定的下一個問題是，什么時候我們必須呈交年度報告。n【CET-4：2007.12】In my sixties, one change I notice is that

23、 _(我比以前更容易累了)。n參考答案：I am more likely to get tired than before.二 定語從句n定語從句是修飾限定名詞或代詞的從句。掌握定語從句的關(guān)鍵在于把握引導(dǎo)詞，既用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞。定語從句的內(nèi)容比較龐雜，希望同學(xué)們在復(fù)習(xí)時多總結(jié)和歸納。 真題重現(xiàn)真題重現(xiàn)n【CET-4：2007.6】The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _ (我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域).n參考答案：a field where(in which) we can cooperate.三三 狀語從句狀語從句n狀語從句分為：時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、地

24、點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、方式狀語從句、讓步狀語從句和比較狀語從句 真題重現(xiàn)真題重現(xiàn)n【CET-4：2007.12】 I am going to pursue this course, _(無論我要作出什么樣的犧牲)。n參考答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to maken【CET-4：2006.12】Some psychologists claim that people_(出門在外時可能會感到孤獨(dú))n參考答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home. 四、倒裝四

25、、倒裝n1當(dāng)當(dāng)“only+狀語狀語”位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時用倒裝，如位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時用倒裝，如不在句首或雖在句首但不修辭狀語時用正常語序。不在句首或雖在句首但不修辭狀語時用正常語序。nOnly when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.n只有當(dāng)你獲得足夠的數(shù)據(jù)時，你才能得出正確的結(jié)論nOnly in this way can we catch up with the worlds advanced levels in science and technology.n只有這樣我們才能趕上世界的

26、先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)水平。n其他如：only then, only once, only in AmericaChina, only after the accident等。 真題重現(xiàn)真題重現(xiàn)n【CET-6：2007.6】Only in the small town_. (他才感到安全和放松)n參考答案：does she feel secure and relaxed.2. never等具有否定意義的詞或詞組居于句首時用倒裝。等具有否定意義的詞或詞組居于句首時用倒裝。n這類詞或詞組常用的有：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not unt

27、il, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(決不), in no case(決不), neither (nor), no sooner(than), hardly(when), barely(僅僅，幾乎不), on no account, in no circumstances(決不), not a bit, nowhere, not onlybut also等。nNot only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet. 丘吉爾不僅是一位政治家，還是

28、一位詩人。nNever in all my life have I heard such nonsense. 我從未聽到過這種胡說！ 真題重現(xiàn)真題重現(xiàn)n【CET-6：2007.12】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_.(他都不應(yīng)該對法庭說謊)n參考答案：should he lie to the court.n【CET-6：2007.1】 _(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. n參考答案Not until the deadline did he send (out).3the more, the m

29、ore結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝。結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝。n【CET-4：2006.6】90. The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂). n參考答案：the more confused I am. 四、強(qiáng)調(diào)句四、強(qiáng)調(diào)句 It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who 對于這個結(jié)構(gòu)，需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：n強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的系動詞除is和was之外，沒有其他形式的變化;n被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分如果是人，可以用who, 也可以用that,其他情況用that（常識性知識，一般不能作為考點(diǎn)）。n在notuntil句型里，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)由until所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語時，not須跟在until之前，即構(gòu)成It is not

30、untilthat結(jié)構(gòu)。.n It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the serious situation.n她不知道如何應(yīng)對這種嚴(yán)重情況是因?yàn)樗狈?jīng)驗(yàn)了。nIt is because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.n正是因?yàn)樗疂q了，他們沒有渡過河去。n注：強(qiáng)調(diào)的如果是原因狀語從句，只能由because引導(dǎo)，不能由since, as或why引導(dǎo)。nIt was not until the

31、 second year that he has adapted himself to the college life.n直到第二年他才適應(yīng)了大學(xué)生活。. 真題重現(xiàn)真題重現(xiàn)n【CET-6：2007.1】 _(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. n參考答案：It was not until the deadline that he sent (out). 五、非謂語動詞五、非謂語動詞非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。 非謂非謂語動詞的考點(diǎn)主要有：語動詞的考點(diǎn)主要有：1英語中大多數(shù)動詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動名詞作

32、直英語中大多數(shù)動詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動名詞作直接賓語，但有些動詞要求：接賓語，但有些動詞要求： 1)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓語下面的動詞要求不定式做賓語nattempt企圖mean意欲，打算determine決定pretend假裝 decide決定hesitate猶豫 hope希望 intend想要 refuse拒絕decide決定等 真題重現(xiàn)真題重現(xiàn)n【CET-4：2007.6】Because of the leg injury, the athlete (決定退出比賽).n參考答案：decided to quit the match.n【CET-6：2007.12】The Foreign

33、 Minister said he was resigning, _.(但他拒絕進(jìn)一步解釋這樣做的原因)n參考答案：while he refused to further explain why./while he refused to make further explanation for doing so.2)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓補(bǔ)：動詞下面的動詞要求不定式做賓補(bǔ)：動詞+賓語賓語+動動詞不定式詞不定式nenable使能夠 ask要求，allow允許 force強(qiáng)迫 press迫使 inspire鼓舞 request請求 help幫助 invite吸引，邀請encourage鼓勵 等

34、真題重現(xiàn)真題重現(xiàn)n【CET-4：2006.12】Specialists in intercultural studies says that it is not easy to (適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活)n參考答案：adapt oneself to life in different cultures.n【CET-6：2007.1】After the terrorist attack, tourists （被勸告暫時不要去該國旅游）.n參考答案：were advised/suggested not to go to that country as their tourism destination for the present.3)有少數(shù)動詞只能用動名詞作賓語有少數(shù)動詞只能用動名詞作賓語ndislike不喜歡，討厭appreciate 感激，欣賞avoid避免 enjoy享有，喜愛cant help不 禁 escape逃跑，逃避cant stand受不了 deny否認(rèn) mind 介意 finish完成，結(jié)束不