專八人文知識(shí) (2)

1、專八專八 人文知人文知識(shí)識(shí)人文知識(shí)（人文知識(shí)（General KnowledgeGeneral Knowledge）分值分布如下：分值分布如下：1 1英語國家概況英語國家概況 4 4分分 （主要英語國家的地理、歷史、政治、文化傳統(tǒng)等）（主要英語國家的地理、歷史、政治、文化傳統(tǒng)等）2 2英美文學(xué)知識(shí)英美文學(xué)知識(shí) 3 3分分3 3語言學(xué)語言學(xué) 3 3分分英語國家概況countrycapital1st citynativespresidential termUKLondonLondon5USAWashingtonNew York4CanadaOttawaToronto5New ZealandWell

2、ingtonAucklandMaoris3AustraliaCanberraSydneyAborigine3IrelandDublinRegions in the UKCapitalEnglandLondonScotlandEdingburghWalesCardiffNorthern IrelandBelfastThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandFor Canada, New Zealand and Australia:Head of the state: Monarch of the U.K.Its power i

3、s represented by Governor-general.the history of BritainCelt tribesRoman ConquestAnglo-Saxons (Germanic tribes) JutesNorman Conquest英國文學(xué)分為六個(gè)時(shí)期：1.Old and Medieval English Literature 中古英國文學(xué)時(shí)期2. The Renaissance Period 文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期3. The Neoclassical Period 新古典主義時(shí)期4. The Romantic Period 浪漫主義時(shí)期5. The Victorian

4、 Period 維多利亞時(shí)期6. The Modern Period 現(xiàn)代時(shí)期English and American Literature美國文學(xué)分為四個(gè)時(shí)期:1. The Literature around the Revolution of Independence 獨(dú)立革命前后的文學(xué)時(shí)期2. American Romanticism 美國浪漫主義時(shí)期3. American Realism 美國現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)時(shí)期4. American Modernism 美國現(xiàn)代主義文學(xué)時(shí)期Linguistics語言的特征：Arbitrariness 任意性Duality 二重性Creativity 創(chuàng)造

5、性Displacement 移位性Socialinguistics - study of language and societyPsycholinguistics- studyof language and mindLinguistics語言的功能：Informative InterpersonalPerformativeDirective Emotive1. Phonetics語音學(xué) 2. Phonology音位學(xué) 3. Morphology形態(tài)學(xué) the study of word structure Morpheme詞素: the smallest unit of language4.

6、 Syntax 句法學(xué) the study of sentence structure5. Semantics語義學(xué) the study of meaning6. Pragmatics語用學(xué) the study of language in useCore of LinguisticsThe study of sound1. Prescriptive & Descriptive2. Competence & Performance3. Langue & Parole4. Synchronic & Diachronic語言學(xué)上幾個(gè)重要的對比語言學(xué)上幾個(gè)重要的對比：

7、Speech Act Theory 言語行為理論 locutionary act 言語行為illocutionary act 施事行為perlocutionary act 取效行為Speaking sth. is doing sth.1. Synonymy 同義同義2. Antonymy 反義反義3. Polysemy 一詞多義一詞多義 如：如：wood 樹木，樹木，woods小樹林小樹林4. Homonymy 同音（同形）異義同音（同形）異義 如：如：fine 好，罰款；好，罰款；night & knight 5. Hyponymy上下義關(guān)系，指意義包含關(guān)系，一個(gè)上上下義關(guān)系，指意義

8、包含關(guān)系，一個(gè)上義詞一般會(huì)有許多下義詞，如：義詞一般會(huì)有許多下義詞，如：flower-violet。幾組詞義區(qū)別幾組詞義區(qū)別 Homonymy 同音（同形）異義 Homophones 同音異義詞 flower & flour Homographs 同形異義詞 tear(n.) & tear(v.)幾組詞義區(qū)別幾組詞義區(qū)別1. Acronym 首字母縮寫 如： APEC2. Blending 縮合 如：motel motor + hotel3. Clipping 截短如：dorm（dormitory） exam（examination）4. Coinage 新生詞，如： Xero

9、x幾種構(gòu)詞法：1. Which of the following is the French-speaking city in Canada?A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. Toronto2014年專八人文知識(shí)真題：C2. Which of the following are natives of New Zealand?A. The MaorisB. The AboriginalsC. The Red IndiansD. The Eskimos2014年專八人文知識(shí)真題：A3. The established or national church in

10、England is _?A. the Roman Catholic ChurchB. the United Reformed ChurchC. the Anglican ChurchD. the Methodist Church2014年專八人文知識(shí)真題：C4. The thirteen former British colonies in North America declared independence from Great Britain in _?A. 1774B. 1775C. 1776D. 17772014年專八人文知識(shí)真題：C5. Grace under pressure

11、is an outstanding virtue of _ heros?A. Scott FitageraldsB. Ernest HemingwaysC. William FaulknersD. Eugene O Neills2014年專八人文知識(shí)真題：6. Widowers House was written by_?A. John GalsworthyB. George Bernard ShawC. William Bulter YeatsD. T.S. Eliot2014年專八人文知識(shí)真題：7. Who wrote The Canterbury Tales?A. Geoffrey Ch

12、aucerB. William ShakespeareC. John DonneD. William Blake2014年專八人文知識(shí)真題：8. Which of the following pairs of words are homophones?A. wind (v.) / wind (n.)B. suspect (v.) / suspect (n.)C. convict (v.) / convict (n.)D. bare (adj.) / bear (n.)2014年專八人文知識(shí)真題：D9. Which of the following sentence has the S + V

13、+ O structure?A. He died a hero.B. I went to London.C. Mary enjoyed parties.D. She became angry.2014年專八人文知識(shí)真題：C10. Which of the following CANNOT be used as an adverbial?A. The lions share.B. Heart and soul.C. Null and void.D. Hammer and tongs.2014年專八人文知識(shí)真題：A1.Which party is in power now in the UK?A.

14、 The Conservative PartyB. The Labour PartyC. The Liberal DemocratsD. The Scottish National Party2015年專八人文知識(shí)真題：A2. Which of the following lakes does Canada share with the United States?A. Lake WinnipegB. The Great Slave LakeC. The Great Bear LakeD. The five Great Lakes2015年專八人文知識(shí)真題：D3. U.S. senators

15、serve for _ years after they are elected.?A. fourB. sixC. threeD. two2015年專八人文知識(shí)真題：B4. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?A. The EskimosB. The MaoriC. The IndiansD. The Aborigines2015年專八人文知識(shí)真題：D35. _ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in h

16、is poems. A. Robert Browning B. W. B. Yeats C. William Blake D. William Wordsworth 2015年專八人文知識(shí)真題：A36. Which of the following is a contemporary British poet? A. Ted Hughes. B. William Wordsworth. C. E. E. Cummings. D. Carl Sandburg. 2015年專八人文知識(shí)真題：A37. Who was the author of Moby-Dick? A. Nathaniel Hawthorne. B. Ralph Waldo Emerson. C. Herman Melville. D. Washington Irving. 2015年專八人文知識(shí)真題：C38. The words “tennis, badminton, golf, basketball and football constitute a _ field. A. semantic B. connotative C. concep